10选择性必修四Unit1语法语法被动语态复习（原卷版）.docx

10选择性必修四Unit1.语法：语法精讲精练被动语态复习一、被动语态语法图解广被动调态两种常用优况IV被语习动态T，动语态变为被动语为应注范的叫种情况I被动一态和过去分词作我语的差访T常见上功衣被动的情况不用懿动语态的及物动词曲丽1 .被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1.不知道谁是动作的执行存.或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者.Riceisgrownin(hesouthofChina.中国前方仲枝求精2 .强圜动作的承受者.ThetreeWasbrokenbythatboy.这株例是那令男孩弄断的，I1.将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的四种情况1 .含双其语的主动结构变为被动结构时.有两种方法：(I)间接宾语变为主语，互接宾语不变：(2)直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词I。或foriJ,Heto1.dusastory.他给我们谢秋事。Wcwereto1.dastorybyhim.我们听(他科)故事。Astorywas(o1.dtousbyhim.故事由他怜我们讲.2 .动词短语视为一个整体,其后的介词或剧词不能省略.Shewi1.1.takegoodcareofthechi1.dren.她杵会好好做顾孩子们.-Thechi1.drenwi1.1.betakenjoodcareofbyher.孩子们将由他余好好照铺.3 .双合句通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略UJ的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to必须补上.SomeonesawhimswimintheIakeyesterday.昨天人看见他在湖里浒沐.Hewasseentoswiminthe1.akeyesterday.咋天他被看见在沏里浒泳.4 .特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：-般用“By+疑问词”开头。Whohasbrokenthecup?诳打碎了杯子？Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?杯子校谁打碎了？【即学即然】完成句子MyEng1.ishnameisWa1.ter.ItwhenIwasat（heuniversity.我的英文名是沃尔特.是我上大学时我的英语我段裕取的。Hcrmoneyandherpatienceisa1.sorunningout.她的线已经用完了，的讨心也要托尽了.bythemovingmovie.我被这部感人的电影弄哭了.HI.被动语态和过去分词作表语的差别I.意义荽别：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或犷物的特征及状态.ThCwindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。2.川法差别：过去分诃作表语时接近形容词的特征,可以被so.very,to。等程度剧词修饰：而被动喑态则不能用so,very,too等修饰，葡用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch等修饰.Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他计科学有极大的兴葩。（系表结构）IwassomuchSUrPriMxIatthescenethat1didn'tknowwhattodo.我被那种埼面摘得大吃一惊,不如所拈，（被动语态）【即学即练2】判断下列句子是被动语态还是系表结构Iwasp1.easedtohearyou'vebeenPrOmO1.cd.Hewasp1.easedbyhisteacherspraise.Iwasquitesurpnscdwiththesignificanceofthefindings.EVCryOnCwassurprisedbythespeedwithwhichthedisputewassett1.ed.Iv常见主动表被动的情况1 .有些动诃(CUt»se1.1.read,write,fi1.1.cook.1.ock.wash,drive,keep等)常用E动形式表被动Thispenwritessmooth1.y.这支钠氧写起来很液Thiscarse1.1.swe1.1.这车很畅铸。2 .在某些形容词(hard,difficu1.t,easy,heavy,fit.good.Portab1.e,convenient,impossib1.e,convenient,cheap,expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动，Eng1.ishiseasyto1.earn.英语很容易学Theboxisheavytocarry.这箱子充得输不动3 .在“半系动词+形容词''结构中，如1.ook,sme1.1.,taste,sound,fee1.,prove,turnout等，常用主动形式发被动.ThCfoodinthisrestauranttastesgd.这索然谊的t菜味道很好ThCnewsturnedout(tobe)true.这消息原来把A的。4 .need,want,require,deserve,beworth后面接动诃加X形式时主动表被动.Thenove1.kor(hreading.这本小说值得一读.Theo1.dhouserequiresrepairing.这所旧房子宵关修理【即学即练3】单句语法填空(DThiSkindofknife(cut)we1.1.YOUrwritingisrea1.1.ydifficu1.t(read).<)Theyanja1.1.masterpiecesworth(read).V.有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态如：fit.have,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveatin.shakehandswith,succeedin,sut1.erfrom,happento.takepartin.be1.ongto.datefrom,backto等。Doyouajrevwiththedea1.?你同意这个交易吗？Itistruethatwemaysufferfromfai1.urefromtimetotime.However,itisimportantthatwenever1.osetheenthusiasmtokeepontr>ng.的确，我们有时会道交失败，然而，更委的是我们永远枳笑失去继埃努力的热情。【即学即练4】完成句子Dadto1.dmethat.卷卷告诉我邺是我的。ThCtraditionofdrinkingtea_在中国.喝茶的传统fit追溯到公元讷3000年.二、单句语法填空：1. The1.itt1.ehome(ainwhite,hwasSWgtandfresh.2. Itisca1.cu1.atedbydividingaperson'sweightinkgbytheirheightinmetressquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25(consider)hea1.thy.3. Peop1.etendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshou1.d(p1.ace)on1.ongevity(寿).4. Theartistwassurehewou1.d(choose),butWhenhepresentedInsmasterpiecetoIheenerorchiefminister,theo1.dman1.aughed.5. Onthe1.astdayofourweek-1.ongstay,we(inritc)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifu1.tannontheNorthShoreunder(hestars.6. It(bui1.d)Ongina1.1.ytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenp1.ctc1.yrestored(修复).7. Itdoesn'timpress1.ikeGeorgeWashington'sp1.antationonthePotomac,but1.inco1.n'shomeindowntownSpringfie1.d.I1.1.inois,(prove)irresistib1.etovisitorssinceitopenedtothepub1.ic.X.Manyaway(use)topreventthepo1.1.ution,buttheskyissti1.1.notc1.ear.9.Theyarvnove1.s,p1.aysandpoemsthat(write)a1.ongtimeagoandweresowe1.1.writtenthatpeop1.esti1.1.readthemnowadays.1.1 1havebeeninformed(hattheexhibition(ho1.d)nextweek.11. Theyaregoing(send)toworkinTibetfortwoyears.12. Doyouhaveanyprob1.emsifyou(oftcr)thisjob?We1.1.,mthinkingabout(hesa1.ary.13. ThoughWCdon'tknowwhatisbeingdiscussed,yetwecanfee1.thetopic(change).14. Muchprogress(make)inChinawiththehe1.pofthepeop1.e'shardwork.15. Nowadays,morenewtechno1.ogies(app1.y)inthefie1.dofIT.16. Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshe(accuse)ofcheatingcustomers.17. Youarcnota1.1.owedtogointothemeetingroom.Asecretp1.an(discuss)there.18. Thesurfaceofthistab1.efee1.ssosmooth.1thinkitiswe1.1.worth(buy).19. PicmanagerwashappytoIearn1.haIfour-fifthsofthetickets(book).20. Havingatripabroadiscertain1.ygoodtorthestudents,butitremains(see)whethertheywi1.1.enjoyit.21. Manyastudent(send)top1.anttessofar.22. Ifyouarccaughtsmokinginthisarea,you(fine)bythepo1.ice.23. Whatwi1.1.youdoifyou(bite)bymosquitoesathisvcr)moment?24. Inrecvn1.years,StrCsS(regard)asacauseofawho1.erangeofmedica1.prob1.ems,frmhighb1.oodpressuretomenta1.i1.1.ness.25. Steamengines(use)(opu1.1.thecarriagesanditmusthaveZCnfair1.yunp1.easantforthepassengers,witha1.1.thesmokeandnoise.26. Sing1.cuscp1.asticbagsarcusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey(throw)away.27. UPio30percentoffood1.osswasfoundduringm>ers,storageinSOmeareasinAfiriea.and21percentoffoodintheUnitedStates(waste)duringdai1.yconsumption,Wuto1.dEconomicDai1.y.28. VrhcnIfina1.1.yS1.ePPCdoutofthetrees,theviewwasbreathtaking.Aneag1.et1.cwoverthesnowcappedmountains,which(ref1.ect)inthesti1.1.1.akebe1.ow.29. ThetaoraySpringSummer202()(show)forthefirsttimeonthewor1.dstageofNewYorkFashionWeekwheretraditionmetmodernity.30. I1.uniansarcexp1.orerssincethedawnofcivi1.ization.We(attract)overthehorizontofindfoodormorespace,orjusttoseewhatbeyondthosetreesormountainsoroceans.31. Gabrie1.aworkedforamu1.tinationa1.Pdnyasasuccessfu1.projectmanagerinBrazi1.and(choose)tomanageateaminSweden.32. Anima1.s(ki1.1.)tortheirfurandfeathers,especia1.1.yinthepasttewdecadessimp1.ybecausetheywereintheway.33. Someexperts,whoshowdisapprova1.oftheproject,arguethattherecou1.dbedamagetothesea1.ifeandthatthemarineecosystemmay(NPIaCe)bydry1.and.34. Inthetraditiona1.Chinese1.unarYear,eachyear(give)anameof12kindsofanima1.s.35. Thecity(recognize)asthemusica1.capita1.ofEuropesincethe16hcentury,hontothe1.ikesofMozartandBeeihoven.36. Atpresent,a1.otofnewequipment(deve1.op)bythisPanytomeetnewneeds.37. ItisnotthefirsttimethatimmenseamountsofStatcoiartteachingequipment(de1.iver)tothePovcrtystrickcnregions.38. Zhangjiajic(award)thetit1.eof'*Wor1.dGeo1.ogica1.Park*'in2014.39. Shewascaughdrunkdriving1.astyear,andthereforeshefromdrivingtor5years.(ban)40. Inrecentyears,gatCfIfot1.S(oreduceairpo1.1.ution(make),but(herearesti1.1.manythingswecando.41. MOnwindydays,wehadtoho1.ddownthepaperon(hedesk,whichwou1.dotherwise(b1.ow)away；*hesaid.42. Traditiona1.Chinesemedicine(TCM)isahea1.thcaresysteminWhIChpatients(treat)withnatura1.p1.ant,anima1.andminera1.remedies(药物).43. Thestudentsworkedhardontheir1.essonsandfina1.1.ytheirefforts(reward)withsuccess.44. BytheIIthcentury,passes(use)byChinesetonavigatetheirshipsatsea.45. WhydidyouthrowIhebo111.coutofthewindow?Somebodycou1.d(hurt).46. Wcarcproudthatsomestudentsofourschoo1.(invo1.ve)withthemakingoftheamazingvideo.47. Manyta1.entedwriters(honour)atthespecia1.ceremonyhe1.d1.astweek.48. I1.(report)thatsomeotherwi1.danima1.sarekeptandstudiedattheresearchcenter.49. hccarniva1.he1.dinourschoo1.1.astweek(sponsor)bysevera1.famousgraduates.50. Wea1.1.fee1.itisJackaswe1.1.ashiswifethatis(b1.ame)fortheirson'sbadperformanceatschoo1.三、高考真Je回顾：1. (2023全国甲卷)Carsonprovesthatasimp1.e1.yricfb11n(hathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescansti1.1.(emp1.oy)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.2. (2022全国乙卷)Havingvisitedsevera1.timesoverthe1.astIOyears,1(amaze)bythecoexistenceofo1.dandnew,andhowacitywasab1.etokeepsucharichheritage(遗r")whi1.econstant1.ygrowing.3. (2022全国卷DThCGPNP(dcsign)toref1.ecttheguidingprincip1.eof"protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完悠性)Ofnatura1.ecosystems.4. (2021全国甲卷)It(bui1.d)origina1.1.ytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenp1.ccc1.yrestored(修复).5. (2020全国1送)Thepansofamuseumopentothepub1.ic(ca1.1.)ga1.1.eriesorrooms.6. (2019天津卷)Amy.aswe1.1.asherbrothers,(give)awarmweIcwhenreturningtothevi1.1.age1.astweek.7. (2018浙江卷)1sti1.1.NInembCrvisitingafriendwho,d1.ivedhereforfiveyearsandI(shock)whenIIeamtshehadn'tcookedonceina1.1.thattime.8. (2017无国I)Whenfatandsa1.t(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.四、语篇语法填空：(1)InmuchofAsia,especia1.1.ytheSo-OInCd"ricebw,cu1.turesofChina.Japan.Korea,andVietnam,food_(cat)withchopsticks.Chopsticksareusua1.1.y(wo1.ong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Tiieycana1.sobemadeofp1.astic,anima1.boneormeta1.Some1.imcschopsticksarequiteartistic.Tru1.ye1.egantchopsticksmight2(make)ofgo1.dandsi1.verwithChinesecharacters.Ski1.1.edworkersa1.sobine(k)varioushardwoodsandmeta1.3(create)specia1.designs.!"heChinesehaveusedchopsticksfor5.()00years.Peop1.eprobab1.ycookedtheirfoodin1.argepots,4(use)twigs(W枝)toremoveit.Over1.ime,5thepopu1.ationgrew,peop1.ebegancuttingfoodintosma1.1.piecessoitwou1.dcookmorequick1.y.Foodinsma1.1.piecescou1.dbeeateneasi1.ywithtwigswhich6(gradua1.)turnedintochopsticks.Somepeop1.ethinkthatthegreatChinesescho1.arConfucius.71.ivedfromrough1.y551479BCE,inf1.uencedthe8(deve1.op)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbe1.ievedkniveswou1.dremindpeop1.eofki1.1.ingsand9_(be)toovio1.enttouseat(he(ab1.e.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsiaInIndia,forexamp1.e,mostpeop1.etraditiona1.1.yeatIO(heirhands.(2)COV1.D-19haski1.1.edne<riy18,000peop1.einIta1.yandnear1.y90.000peop1.ewor1.dwide.I(surprise),the103-ycar-o1.dwomanfromIta1.y,AdaZanusso.hassunrivcdCOV1.D-19.She1.ivedthroughthepandemicof19182(ki1.1.)50mi1.1.ionpeop1.ewor1.dwide.bmwe1.1.;mWcnJZanussosaid.Shespokewiththereportersovervideofromahome3o1.derpeop1.eintheNorthernIta1.iantownof1.cssona1.ive.oIwatchTVandreadnewspapers/'sheadded.When4(ask)aboutherfightagainstCOVID-19,Zanussosimp1.ysaid."1hadsomefever.MCOVID-19cancauseminor(轻微)ormoderate(中度)5(sick).Mostofthosewhoarcinfectedrecover.Butthosewithexistinghea1.thprob1.emsando1.derpeop1.e1.ikeZanussoarc6higherriskofmoreseriousi1.1.nessorevendeath.Car1.aFurnoMarchesc7(be)Zanusso,sfami1.ydoctorfor35years.ShesaidZanussowassickforoneW(Xk“Wethoughtshewasn*1.goingtomakeitbecauseshewasa1.ways8(s1.eep)andnotreacting.*FurnoMarchcscsaid,*'0ncdaysheopenedhereyesagainand9(continue)doingwhatsheusedtodobefore；*thedoctoradded.Whaihe1.pedhergeethrough10i1.1.ness?fc4Courage.strengthandfoithfc,'ZanussosaidThewinnersofthe2023HugoAwards,thewor1.d's1.opprizesforsciencefiction1.iterature.(announce)onSaturdaynight,withChineseauthorIIaiYa2(1.ake)hometheBestNove1.etteawardfor*'ThcSpaccTimePainter."HebecamethethirdChinesewritertowinaHugoaward31.iuCixinin2015andHaoJingfangin2016.HaiYafoundmuch4(inspire)fromapaintingmasterpiece.Qian1.iJiangshanTu.orAPanoramaofRiversandMountains,byWangXimcngfromtheSongDynasty(9601279).HaiYahaswoventhestoryOfWang'$1.ifeintoathri1.1.erthat5(bine)thee1.ementsoftraditiona1.Chinesecu1.tureandhistorywithscifianddetectivegenres.6(mode1.)on(he1.ifeofWang.HaiYahascreatedthecharacterofpaintingprodigy(奇才)ZhaOXimcng.whopain1.cdfor7emperormorethan1.000yca11>ago.Aftermuchmiseryandsuffering,thepainter,smindabandonshisphysica1.bodyandentersaspacewhereamodernpo1.iceoftccr8(1.ook)intoaeaseaboutanancientpaintingatthetime.Thestoryrvvca1.sthepo1.itica1.changesoftheperiod9thepaintingwascreated.ThCHugoAwards,firstpresentedin1953andpresented10(annua1.)since1955.arcsciencefiction'smostprestigiousawards.TheHugoAwardsarcvotedonbymembersoftheWor1.dScienceFictionConvention,whichisa1.soresponsib1.etoradministeringthem.(4)Headofthisyear's1.ondonBookFairinMarch.InediaNPOr1.Cdariseininterestintrans1.atedworksamongBritishreaders.Fortrans1.atorAnndI1.o1.mwood.thissigna1.sthe(arrive)ofanewera.“ThisisabigmomentforChinesefictionabroad；'saysHo1.mwood,2hastrans1.atedChinese1.iteraturefora1.n>osadecade.Hertrans1.ationwork.1.egendsoftheCondorHeroes,afantasynove1.WnttCnbyJinYong,and1.iuCixin'sScicnccfktionbook,TheThreeBOdyProb1.em,arcshowninaNie1.senrcpo113examp1.esoftwoofthemostpopu1.arChinesefictionworksinBritainin2018."1.anguagesingrowingdemandinc1.udeChineseandArabic."accordingtotheNic1.scnreport.Itfoundthat.againstthemon1.y4(see)“notmorethan3percentru1.e"oftrans1.ated1.iteraturespresenceintheEng1.ishhnguagebookmarkets,thenumberfor2018was5.63percentinBritain5Ihetota1.annua1.sa1.eswasworthS27.1mi1.1.ion.Char1.otteCo1.1.ins,trans1.atorandcochairoftheBritishTrans1.atorsAssociation,says:mAswecansee,thisproportion(1.t)6(doub1.e)inrecentyears.Thisis7.(tnc)excitingnews.*'!"heOuardianquotes(弓川)FiammcttaRocco,administratoroftheManBkcrInternationa1.Prize,28(Nad)fictionisoneof(he9(good)waysofPI1.ningourse1.vesinotherpeop1.e'sshoes.Tiicriseinsa1.esoftrans1.atedfiction10一(show)howhungrj,Britishreadersarcforterrificwritingfromothercountries.*(5)IntheSpringFestiva1.ho1.iday.TheWaKd"MgEarth/.aScienccfictionmovie(hatinc1.udesSOmerathernewconceptssuchasnuc1.earfusion(核聚变)techno1.ogyandthesun,s1.ifecyc1.e,hadarockctfuc1.cdboxOfTiCCof2.3bi1.1.ionyuanwithinsevendaysofbeingputonthebigscreen.Thefigurehasreached3.65bi1.1.ionyuan,1(make)ittheIOthbiggestearnerinChinesebxofYicchistory.ThCfi1.m2(arouse)hotdebateamongscientistsandScicnccfictionWntCnisinceitcameout.1.aZi,editorinchiefofScienceFictionWor1.d,a43yearo1.dmagazine,says.tiOnIywhenpeop1.eatvfami1.iar3as1.ronautictechno1.ogieswi1.1.scienceIk1.iongain4(popu1.ar).*5(pare)topastworks,bothepisodesofThe1.iande11nEarthinc1.udequiteafewimaginedtechno1.ogiesthatneedbasicscientificknow1.edgetounderstand.IntheIatesione.Thereisa“spacee1.evatof,thatenab1.esastronautstop1.ctctheirtripstospacebytakingane1.evatorinsteadofarocket.Onvariousp1.attbrms,therearcdiscussionsabout6suchane1.evatorispossib1.e.ForZhou,suchdiscussionsthemse1.vesmeanthepub1.ichasataste1.orscience.1.aZipointsout,too.thatWh1.1.Cpopscienceis7(main)aboutexistingtechno1.ogies,sciencefictionisaboutones(hatcannotberea1.izedinthenearfuture.iThefartherawayitisfromtoday*the8(wi1.d)thewritersimaginationcanbe.Mhesays.Chinaisoneofthe1.eadingcountriestorscientificresearchand9(tcchno1.ogj)deve1.opment,JOinspiresmoreandInOreyoungpeop1.einChinainthefuture.