ERP原理和SAPERP复习.docx

ERP原理和SAPERP复习1、名词 C1.ient：hardware/softwareenviron11>entthatcanmakearequestforservicesforacentra1.repositoryofresources CoapanyCode：anindependentaccountingunit.Ba1.ancesheetsandProfit&1.ossStatements,requiredby1.aw,arecreatedattheCOnPimycode1.eve1. P1.ant:1. 1.owestva1.uationarea2. Organizationa1.1.eve1.whereMateria1.Requirements(MRP)runs3. Genera1.Iyusedtodescribeaproductionsite,adistributioncenterorcentra1.izedwarehouse4. Maybeaphysica1.or1.ogica1.unit Division：Representaproduct1.ine ShippingpointIAfixed1.ocationwithinap1.antthatcarriesoutshippingactivities Storage1.ocation：Storage1.ocationisasub-divisionofaP1.antwhereinventoryisManaged. Inquiry：acust三er'srequesttoacompanyforinfo11kitionorquotationinrespecttotheirproductsorserviceswithoutob1.igationtopurchase. Quotation：presentsthecustomerwitha1.ega1.Iybindingoffertode1.iverspecificproductsor<se1.ectionofacertaina三>untofproductsinaspecifiedtimeframeatapre-definedprice. To1.erances：Ato1.eranceIiaitissetfora1.1.owedvariancebeforeawarning/errormessageisdisp1.ayed RFQ：RequestforQuotationREQisaninvitationtoavendorbyaPurchasingOrgauizati(mtosbnitabidforthesupp1yofmateria1.sorservices BON：物料清单(Bi1.1.CfMHtuiaI一列出某一产品的所有构成工程以及他们之间的结构关系。 SOP：销售运一方案F1.eXib1.Cforecastingandp1.anningtoo1.Usua1.1.yconsistsofthreesteps：1.Sa1.esP1.an2 .ProductionP1.an3 .RoughCutCapacityP1.anP1.annedatanaggregate1.eve1.intinebuckets forkCenters：A1<-.Ji>nwithinap1.antwhereva1.ue-addedwork(o)t.ttinnsoraetiviies)ar<performed MPS：MnsterProductionSchedu1.ing.a1.1.owsaCoePanytodistinguishp1.anningmethodsbetweenIDnteria1.sthathaveastronginf1.uenceonprofitorusecritica1.resourcesandthosethatdonot2、讨论1.ERP与MRPH的比原分析ERP：在MRPn的基础上，融合JT1.oPT.AM.TQM等管理思想，功能展羞企业全业务,并扩展到供给佳上的所有合作方.支持数据仓库和联机分析处理能力,决策支持等的管理系统。MRPII:内容-以物料杳求方案为中心的企业生产管理方案,以工业工程的方案与控制为主段.实现物流与奥金信息集成的管理信息系统.根本思想-基于企业的径营目标制定生产方案，图焚物料转化姐织制造费源，实现按需按时的进行生产.五个工作层次-一经营规划，生产力案，主生产方案，物料需求方案，生产/果购作业方案。2. SAPBusinessSuiteMjkAf1.ASD：销售与分销MM：物料管理PP：生产方案QM：质量管理PM：维护及检测HR：人力费课1S：峙殊行业应用WF：工作流程PS：专案管理AM：因定费产C0：本及控制F1：亮金流3. SAPERPCoreApp1.ications的模块 1.ogisticsSa1.es&DistributionP1.antMaintenanceMateria1.sManagementProductionP1.anningQua1.ityManagement AccountingFinancia1.AccountingContro1.1.ingAssetManagementTreasury UunumResourcesPersonne1.Manage三entBenefitsPayro1.14SAPERPMM三*>1. :ECC652. 接者检入不能被别人知道的豪号和密码。.0。3. C1.ient：3504. User：NUG1.-25. Password：*we1comeIS.SAPERP的系林结相 GUIGraphica1.UserInterfaceorVebInterface App1.icationServerOneorBore9he1.pdistributework1.oad DatabaseServerOnesing1.edatarepository6. SAPERP的主JHt块及其功能O生产计划和控制销售和分销（3）物料管理财务会计管理会计资产管理系统技术H础7. SAPMM+“661On用廿可以开的最大或自：6个8. Sap中SystemMessages的三府1K示信息小X<afx9,CC->Af>n E=ErrorAninva1.identryhasbeenmade-Thecursormovestothefie1.dwheretheerrorhasoccurred =WarningIai三t>1.Ms-Apossib1.eerrorhasbeenmadeTheusercancontinuewithoutchanging =Information-Feedbackfromthesystemi26f9. SD模块中常见的分41形式立筹费Isameansthroughwhichsa1.esmateria1.sreachthecustomerRepresentsyourstrategiestodistributegoodsand.,orservicestoyourcustomerForexamp1.e:who1.esa1.etrade,reUHtrade,internettrade,.m10. MitSAPERP系轨中一个企业模型的好相1.Conpanycode2.Sa1.esArea3.P1.ant4,Storage1.ocation5.ShippingPoint11.倚迷SD模块的主要步泉Presa1.esactivitiesSa1.esorderprocessingInventorysourcingShippingBi1.1.ingPayment12SD模块中涉及到主蒙*力寿里CustomerMasterDataMateria1.MasterDataSa1.esConditionData13.SD模块的出方式有些QuotationConfirmationInvoice14 SD与9模块的关系VMC<>t.tinsa1.1theinformationacompanyneedstomanageaboutamateria1.SoSDWi1.1.usetheinfor三ationintheMM.MMisoBuy*.SDis"Se1.1."SDneedsei1theMateria1.swhichbuyinMMprocess15 .H逑精6iT单的火理it程(Sa1.eSorderprocess)1. PrC-SaIeSActivities2. Sa1.esOrderEntry3. CheckAvai1.abi1.ity-1.PickMateria1.s5.PackMateria1.s6. PostGoodsIssue7. InvoiceCUS1.OmCrS8. ReceiptofCustoaerPayment16. De1.iverySchedU1.ing处叁中的两伸时向it导方式SAPERPBackwardSchedu1.ingOrderDateMatermTransp.GoodsReqUeStedAvai1.abi1.itySched.1.oadingueDeMDate1st2nd3rd4th5th6thSAPERPFonvardSchedu1.ingOMrMateria1.DateAvai1.abi1.ity1st2ndTransp.Sched.1.oading3rd4tRequestedNewGoodsDoMDetv.IssueDateDate5th6th7thPick&PackTime(2days)Transp.Sched.Time(1day)1.oadingTime(1day)TransitTime(2days)Pick&PackTime(2days)Transp.Sched.Time(Iday),1.oadingTime(1day)TransitTime(2days)17. PurchasingOrganizationPurchasingGro(的区分PurchasingOrganizationOrganizationunitresponsib1.eforprocuringservicesandBateria1.sNegotiatesconditionsofthepurchasewiththevendorsPurchasingGro(Buyerorgroupofbuyerswhoareresponsib1.eforcertainpurchasingactivitiesChanne1.ofCOBBunicatIonforvendors18. 三模块涉及到的主数务有寿理1. VendorMasterData2. Materia1.MasterData3. PurchasingInfoRecord4. ConditionMasterData5. OitputMasterData19. WSAPwTheStoOr模式IntheBusImssProcessIntegrationc1.assweusethest1.asaMtaphorfortheSAPstructure.TherearefourbasicCOBPonentSneededtorunexecuteSAP.Threeofthesearethe1.egeofthestoo1.：Orgdata,aasterdatatandru1.es.These"ho1.dup'thetransactions.Transactiscannotberunun1.essthesearesetup.The1.egsaretypica1.1.yconfiguredduringtheiap1.eoentationprocess.DuringBPI1Vev1.1.1.setupthest1.forFinance,Materia1.sBanageoentandSa1.esandDistribution.20. Tohranc"是什么，信用的*举例说典Nowear1.iercreatedto1.erancesinaccounti11sforAR/APNovwevi1.1.haveSOMBater1.a1.to1.erancesTo1.erancescanbesetattheBateria1.1.eve1.orthevendorinforecord1.eve1.Thisa1.Iovsforthetai1.oringofto1.erancesasneeded.IntheCustOBizingsyste三forInventoryManageMnt,youcandefinetwoto1.erancesforvariancesintheorderpricequantity：To1.eranceforanerrornessage：ifthevarianceis1.argerthanthisto1.erancespecified,thesysteaissuesanerroraessage,andyoucannotpostthegoodsreceipt.To1.eranceforawarningBeSSage：ifthevariancereachesthisto1.erancespecified,theSySteBissuesavarningMessageduringentryofthegoodsreceipt.Ikmever.youcansti1.1.postthegoodsreceipt.ThebuyerreceivesaMessagepointingoutthediscrepancy.常见举例：PurchasingTo1.erancesGoodsReceiptsTo1.erancesInvoiceReceiptsTo1.erances21. ft迷ProcureoentProcess的工作流程PurchaseRequisitionZVendorSe1.ectionZPurchaseOrderZNotifyVendor/VendorShipmentZGoodsReceiptZInvoiceRccciptZPayecnttoVendor"PP模块中包括弊些主要内总Materia1.sBi1.1.ofMateria1.s（BOM）RoutingsforkCentersCostCentersProductGroups23. BOi有等几片结构Sing1.e-1.eve1.Mu1ti-1.eve124. Routing是什么,其主要作用是什么？工艺流程（ROU1.ing）工艺流程就是工序的集合，每道工序对应相应的工作中心，工作中心的设备和人工信息会传送到具体工序上面，轼之以带有水道工序特点的价别信息（如加工时何、排队时间等-计算本钱之用在工艺流程的基地上定义物料清单狭义的BOM）,由于甥料本钱信息的带入,加上工作中心所附本钱费率和工时等信息，姐成了BON(制造清隼)的密会信息Routingsenab1.eyoutop1.antheproductionofmateria1.s(products).Routinesarcusedasatemp1.ateforproductionordersandrunschedu1.esRoutingarea1.sousedasabasisforproductcosting.Seriesofsequentia1.steps(operations)thatmustbecarriedouttoproduceagivenproduct25. .简述PP模块的主要流通1. Sa1.esForecastingsStartingInventory2. Sa1.esundOperationP1.anning3. I)e三andManagement1) I1.e1.ai1.edschedu1.ingProduction2)MRPPurchasing26. PP中有“三种Orders形式1. P1.annedOrder(p1.anning),equestct.tte1.inthep1.anningrunforauria：inthefun(>)rvrisIoeitherapr<1.n<ti<>norpurchaseorder)2. ProductionOrder(execution)Arequestorinstructioninterna1.Iytoproduceaspecificproductataspecifictime3. PurchaseOrder(execution)Arequestorinstructiontoavendorforamateria1.orserviceataspecifictime27. FI中三种标准报告Standardreportsinc1.ude： Ba1.anceSheet.Presentationofanorganization*SAssets,1.iabi1.ities,andEquityatapointintime IncomeStateBentPresentationofanorganizationsRevenuesandExpensesforngivenperiodoftime(e.g.month1.y,quarter1.y,oryear1.y) StatementofCashF1.owsConsiderstheassociatedchanges,bothinf1.owsandoutf1.ows,thathaveoccurredincash-arguab1.ythemostiBportantofa1.1assets-overagivenperiodoftime(e.g.month1.y,quarter1.y,orannua1.1.y)28 .FI中的财务平者准则是什么Ba1.ancedsetofbooks,asrequiredby1.aw.arepreparedatthis1.eve1.Revenues,inasimp1.esense,areinf1.owsofcashasaresu1.tofse1.1.ingactivitiesorthedisposa1.ofCompanyassetsExpenses,inasimp1.esense,areoutf1.owsofcashorthecreationof1.iabi1.itiestosupportcompanyoperationsRevenues-Expenses=NetIncome1. Assets：Ihatthecompanyowns2. 1.iabi1.ities：Whatthecompanyowes3. Equity：ThedifferencebetweenAssetsand1.iabi1.itiesAssets=1.iabi1.ities*Equity29 .FI中财务文件的制M则是什么 Eacbbusinesstransaction加PaC1.ingFIuritesdatatotheSAPdatabasecreatingaunique1.ynumberede1.ectronicdocument Thedocumentnumbercanbeusedtoreca1.1thetransactionata1.aterdate Itcontains,forexamp1.e,suchcritica1.andnecessaryinfor三ationas： Responsib1.eperson Oateandtimeofthetransaction Commercia1.content OncewrittentotheSAPdatabase,afinancia1.document(oneiBpactingthefinancia1.POSitiEIofthecompany)cannotbede1.etedfromthedatabase ItcanbechangedtoSoeedegree ThCSAPdocumentprincip1.eprovidesaso1.idandimportantfra三cWorkforastronginterna1.contro1.system-arequire三entof1.awforcompaniesthatoperateintheUnitedStates30.为什么说F1.是SaP中其他模块的全面裳合Theserepresentthe1.ega1.and/ororganizationa1.viewsofanenterpriseTheyforeaframeworkthatsupportstheactivitiesofabusinessinthemannerdesiredbymanagementPOrBi1.theaccurateandorganizedco1.1.ectionofbusinessinformationSupportthedeveIopaentandpresentationofre1.evantinformationinordertoenab1.eandsupportbusinessdecisions