FANUC加工中心机教程.docx
座标系统综合切削中心机是依据座标系统来确定其刀具运动的路径,因此座标系统对数控程式设计上极为重要。座标系统可分为右手直角坐标系统与极座标系统,分述如下:1 .右手宜角座标系统在NC加工程式中,每一位移点之尺寸资料构成一几何表达,此几何表达必须依靠一座标系统来建设,数控系统即依据所建设的座标系统来执行定位及切削动作。切削中心机常采用的右手直角座标系统(图1)仅依据卡笛而二/三轴向座标系统而建设。二轴座标系统仅由两条互成直角的直线所构成,两直线的交点,即为每一宜线的零点。因此,两直线称之为两座标轴,其交点为零点,以X=O,Y=O表示之,如图2所示。三轴座标系统是在二轴座标系统中增加一座标轴Z,也就是一般所称的3D(threedimensiona1.systemJ0三轴座标系统是以三条互相在空间垂直的直线所构成,三宜线称之为X轴、丫轴、Z轴,其交点称为系统的零点,以X=0.Y=0、Z=O表示之,如图3所示。上述座标系统在CNS中,设定为右手直角座标系统,以拇指方向代表X轴I、食指方向代表丫轴、中指方向代表Z轴。2 .极座标系统数控中位移点之座标值亦可以极坐标系统来表达。极座标系统仅以半径及角度来表示。半径为选定平面之第一轴,角度为第二轴,例如:X一一Y平面选定时,指令半径跟随X轴,角度跟随丫轴,如图4所示。角度正方向为选定平而第一轴正向之逆时针方向,负方向为顺时针方向。极坐标之中心为座标之原点,如图5所示。二、M机能一览表M码说明备注M(X)MOO程式暂停MO1.MO1.选择性程式停顿M02M02程式完毕M03MO3主轴正传M04M04主轴逆转M05M05主轴停顿中心出水停顿M06M06刀具自动交换M07M07切削水射出雾状M08M08切削水ISETM09M09切削水IRESETMIOM1.O吹气功能设定OPTIONM1.1.M1.1.吹气功能重置OPTIONM12MI2B轴放松OPTIONM13M13B轴加紧OPTIONM19M19主轴定位M29M29刚性攻牙指令M30M30程式完毕M31M31刀库正转MD1.M32M32刀库逆转MD1.M33M33刀套下降MD1.M34M34刀套上升MD1.M35M35ARM中立到65度(正传)MD1.M36M36ARM65度到中立(逆转)MDIM37M37ARM下降旋转上升(正转)MD1.M38M38ARM65度到中立1正转)MDIM39M39ARM下降一一旋转一一上升(逆转)MD1.M45M45刀具破损检测OPTIONM47M47治具切削水ONOPTIONM48M48治具切削水OFFOPTIONM49M49主轴中心通水有效OPTIONM51.M51治具夹紧OPTIONM52M52治具放松OPTIONM53M53治具1夹紧OPTIONM54M54治具1放松OPTIONM55M55治具2夹紧OPTIONM56M56治具2放松OPTIONM60M60自动门关OPTIONM61.M6I自动门开OPTIONM7IM71主轴刀具夹紧MDIM72M72主轴刀具放松MD1.M75M75RenishawprobeonOPTIONM76M76计数器ONM89M89轴向进给致能M9()M90重刀设定M97M97刀具寿命检测OPTIONM98M98呼叫副程式M99M99回主程式M1.O1.M1.O1.切削进给率100%设定M102M102切削进给率100%取消M机能M机能又称辅助机能,在数值控制机械上常有一些单纯的开/关(ONQFF)动作,这些动作皆归类于辅助机能。通常M机能除某些有通用性的标准码外,亦可由制造厂商依其机械之动作要求,设计出不同之M指令,以为控制不同之开/关动作,或预留I/O(输入/输出)接点,作为操作者自行联结其它附件使用。在同一节中假设有两个M机能出现时,虽其动作不相冲突,但以排列在最后的M机能有效,如S600M03M08;此时切削液开但主轴不转。M码的范围由MOo至M99,不同的M码代表不同的动作,较常用者,如下:1.MOOt程式停顿程式自动执行后,当执行到MOo指令时,数值控制单元将停顿一切的加工指令动作,再按启动钮后可继续执行下面的程式指令,MOo一般均单独成为一个单节。2. MOh选择性程式停顿此一指令的功能与Moo一样,但其选择停顿或不停顿,可由操作面板上的“选择停顿"按钮来控制。当开关置于ON时,则MO1.有效,其功能等于M00,假设开关置于OFF时,则MO1.将不被执行,即程式不会停顿。3. M02:程式完毕M02表示加工程式完毕,此时执行“指标"(CURSOR)停留于此一单节上,如欲使指标回到程式开头,必须先将模式钮(mode1.钮)置于“编辑”上,再按“RESET键使执行指标回复起始。4. M03:主轴正转面对工作物方向,主轴以顺时针方向旋转。5. M04,主轴逆转面对工作物方向,主轴以反时针方向旋转。6. M05:主轴停顿命令主轴停顿旋转。7. M06:刀具交换命令将刀仓中目前置于准备换刀位置的刀具换至主轴位置。8. M07:啧雾开启有喷雾装置之机械,令其开启喷雾泵浦。9. M08:切削液开启令切削液泵浦开启,通常尚有一机械式门阀可以手动调节切削液流量大小。10. M09:啧雾及切削液关闭命令喷雾及冷却液泵浦关闭11. M19:主轴定位令主轴旋转至一固定之方向而后停顿旋转,于装置精搪孔刀及背搪孔刀使用G76或G87指令时,必须先手动插入此一指令,以对正偏位方向。12. M30:程式完毕、记忆回复、纸带回卷此一指令相当于M02功能,所不同者仍执行到此指令时,如为记忆操作执行,指标会F1.动回复至开场位置,如为纸带操作为再配合有轮式读带机,纸带会F1.动回卷至程式开头,以利同一程式继续执行。13. M98:执行副程式当系统读到此一指令时,执行动作会跳至所指定的副程式,且连续执行指定的次数。14. M99:副程式完毕,回主程式当副程式执行完毕后,程式最后必须以此指令来表示副程式完毕,使系统回到主程式中继续执行未完成之程式。三、G码一览表G代码组功能GOO01定位GO1.直线插补G02圆弧插补/螺旋线插补CWG03圆弧插补/螺旋线插补CCWG0400停刀,准确停顿G05.1AI先行控制/AI轮廓控制G07.1(G107)圆柱插补G08先行控制G09准确停顿G1.O可编程数据输入G1.1.可编程数据输入方式取消G1517极坐标指令取消G16极坐标指令GI702选择XPYP平面x1.>iX轴或其平行轴G18选择ZPXP平面Yp:Y轴或其平行轴Z1.:Z轴或其平行轴G19选择YPZP平面G2006英寸输入G21亮米输入G2204存储行程检测功能有效G23存储行程检测功能无效G27OO返回参考点检测G28返回参考点G29从参考点返回G3O返回第2,3,4参考点G31跳转功能G33O1.螺纹切削G37OO自动刀具长度测量G39拐角偏置圆弧插补G4()07刀具半径补偿取消/三维补偿取消G41左侧刀具半径补偿/三维补偿G42右侧刀具半径补偿G4O.1(G15O)19法线方向控制取消方式G41.1(G151)法线方向控制左侧接通G42.1(G152)法线方向控制右侧接通G4308正向刀具长度补偿G4408负向刀具长度补偿G45OO刀具偏置值增加G46刀具偏置值减少G472倍刀具偏置值G481/2倍刀具偏置值G4908刀具长度补偿取消G5011比例缩放取消G51比例缩放有效G5O.122可编程镜像取消G51.1可编程镜像有效G52OO尾部坐标系设定G53选择机床坐标系G5414选择工件坐标系1G54.1选择附加工件坐标系G55选择工件坐标系2G56选择工件坐标系3G57选择工件坐标系4G58选择工件坐标系5G59选择工件坐标系6G6000/01单方向定位G6115准确停顿方式G62自动拐角倍率G6315攻丝模式G64切削方式G65OO宏程序调用主程式;O3(XX);TIM6;TO;G9OG54G(X)X12O.Y15O.;G43Z20.H01.;M03S5;M8;73.:G01Z-30.F200:GI01.IP30R60.;M98P3500:G1O1.1P3OR4I.;M98P35OO:GIO1.IP3OR22.;M98P35OO:GIOIJP30R10.2:M98P35OO:GIO1.IP3ORIO.;M98P3500:GoOZ3.:G9IG28Z0M5:G28X0.Y0.M9:M6;M30:17-7G52局部座标系副程式,O35(X):G0IG41.X7O.YI(X),D3O.F2OOX100.Y50.:Y-50.;X70.Y-I00.:G03X-70.R90.:G01X-100.Y-50.:Y50.;X-70.YKX).:G03X70.R90.;G4OGO0X120.Y150.;M99;G52:局部座标系可用于原座标系中别离出数个子座标系。指令:G52X1OO.Y1OO.:-一子座标系之座标G52X0.Y0.:(回宓原点座标)范例一:OooO1.:(主程式)T1M6:TO:G9()G54G0()X50.Y50.;G43Z20.H0I;MO3S9OO:G98G81R3.Z-20.F80K0:G52X0.Y0.M98P200;G52X2(X).M98P2OO;G52X4(X).M98P2OO:G52X6OO.M98P2OO;G52X600.Y200.M98P2(X);G52X4OO.Y2OO.M98P2OO:G52X2OOY2OO.M98P2OO;G52XO.Y200.M98P200:G0Z20.M9:G91G28Z0.M5;M6;M3O;00200;(副程式)X5O.Y5O.;X-50.;Y-50.:X50.;G52X0.Y0.:M99;范例二:使用刀具:f20端铳刀。胚料:翻砂铸件副程式:主程式:02000:G(M)XO-YO.:GOIZ-IOF2;G42X12.Y12.D30;X52.:GO3X72.Y32.R2O.;X42.R5.:GO2XI8.RI2.:GO1.X12.;YO.:GOOG4OZ2O.;M99;O1.(X)O;TIM6:TO;N1.(EM-20):G90G54G(X)X0Y0;G43Z2O.HOI;MO3S3;M8;G52X0.;M98P2000:G52X86.;M98P2000;G52X0.;G9OGOOZ2O.M9:G9IG28Z0.M5:M6.;M30:17-8自动倒角机能指令:GoIXY(C;(45度倒角)/R;(圆弧角)注:使用自动倒角指令,必须要有下一个GOI移动指令,且移动量需大于倒角值或半径值。范例:O(XX)I:T1M6;TO:G90G54G00X120.Y80.sG43Z20.H0I;M03S600:M8:Z-22.:G42X1(X).D25F15O;GO1X1(X).Y7O.R5.:GOIX-I.Y7O.C5.;G01Y-70.;G01X1I0.:GOoG40Z20.M9:G91G28Z0.M5:M6:M30:T1=EM-2O17-9M73-M76镜像加工指令:M73-Y轴镜像解除。M74-Y轴镜像设定。M75-X轴镜像解除。M76-X轴镜像设定。注1:此镜像加工必须于程式原点中心才可执行。注2:执行M73M76之前必须先执行G90G00X0.Y0.指令。范例:OoOoI:(主程式)TIM6:T0:G90G54GOOXO.YO.:G43Z20.H01:MO3S6OO:M8:M98P2;M76:M98P2(M):M74:M98P2(X):M75;M98P2:M73;GOZ2O.M9:G9IG28Z0.M5:M30:0200:(副程式)G9(Ki(X)X5().Y50.:Z0.;GOIXI0O,F20O;Y100.:X50.Y50.:GOoZ20.:X0.Y0.;M99:附录一:(切削条件)SPEEDS&FEEDSFACEM1.1.1.(C1NTEREDCARBIDE)官制面侨刀STEE1.(铜)crERDIAROUGH(««)FINISHDfRPMV!ninFRPMV.MminFmm/minm11vat<>thmm/minmm/1.noth7535583285025001171600.08100250793000.23551111800.08125200803150.22X01091920.0815018085340022501172000.08CzVSTIRON(得铁)75315742520.24501061800.1I(M)224702700.2315991890.1125180712880.22501002500.1150160753200.22241062240.1A1.UMINIUM(铝)75140033010500.2518004245400.1100100031410000.2514004405600.112580031410000.2511204405600.115071030010650.259004245400.1SPEEDS&FEEDSENDMI1.1.(H.S.S)固定傥刀STEE1.(«)CutterDiaRough&SemiFinish(粗快&半相铁)Finish(Wtt)FNO.FNO.DfRPMV!ninmm/miMmOfRPMVVninmnnMmOfn/tteethinIve1.h5140023840.0321600251920.03890023900.0521000251600.041071022850.062800251280.041545021630.072560261120.052035522500.07240025960.063022421310.0722X026670.064018023250.0722002S4«0.06CASTIRON(铸铁)51600251920.0621800282160.0348IO(三)251400.0721250312000.04410800251280.0821000312000.05415560261120.102630301260.0542040025800.102500311200.0643028026560.10231530760.0644020025440.11225031600.064A1.UMINIUM(铝)5315()493150.0523150491890.03282240562680.0622«00701680.032101800562520.07222407(1140.03215125059225().0921600751280.042201000632000.1021250791250.05230630S91260.10280075800.0524050063100().!0263079630.)52SPEEDS&FEEDSENDMII.1.(Sinter<1.Carbide)构铜固定枕刀STEE1.(!)CuttRouhS('miFinishFinkher(IHt)DfRPMVVminFNO.ortec1.hRPMVVminF、o.OfteethMm/minMm/tMnVminMnvt101400441680.0621800571440.0422071045990.072100063I(M)0.0522556044900.0«280063800.05230450421400.084630601500.06440355451100.084500631200.064502X044900.0«440063950.064CASTIRON(H)101600501600.0522240701800.04220800501120.0721120701300.06225630491000.08290071IOS0.06230500471600.084710701700.06440400501600.1456070134)0.06450315491250.1445070IOX0.064A1.UMINIUM(招)102X00SXMO0.0523150992500.042201400SS2000.07222401402700.062251120SX1800.08220001572400.062309(M)852H00.08416001503«00.06440710892B00.1412501573000.06450560SX2200.14I(三)01572400.064SPEEDS&FEEDS筲辆搪刀B()RING-TOOI.(SinteredCarbide)Castiron(筲铁)CUTTER1)!ROUGH&Semifinish(粗晚&半精蜕)FINISH(精铳)RPMrMminFRPMV!minFn>nminnnt<>othmnn>h>nmt<x>th1516(M)751600.1200()951200.06201120701120.011600I(M)96().0630«0075950.13100095700.074056070730.13800100560.075045071590.1363099440.076044M)75560.1650095400.0«8023070450.16400I(M)320.0810022471360.1631599250.081202(H75400.225095250.115016075320.220094200.120011271220.2160I(三)160.1A1.UMINIUM(一)1531501483150.131501481890.062022401522240.1284N)!76I0i0.0630160015019201218(M)1701080.01401120141134012H(M)176S40.06509001411250141120176670.06608<H)150112014900170630.07805601419001671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