人教版必修一第8讲：Unit4 Earthquakes-语法篇（学生版）.docx

Unit4EarthqUakeS-语法篇通过本节课的学习驾驭关系代词引导的定语从句。定语从句（I）关系代词的用法肛合句中修饰主句中某名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句它所假饰的名词或代词叫做先行调它的基本构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句.连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词.美系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词,并在从句中充当肯定的句子成分，定语从句又分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，引导定语从句的词有两种：关系代词和关藤副词.关系代词有Ihat,which,who,whom,whose等：关系副词有when,where,why等.其详细用法见卜衣:关系代词指代的先行词在从句中所作的成分who指人主谓、宾谙、表谱whom指人宾语whose指人或物定语which指物主谓、宾谙、表谱that指人或物主谓、宾谙、表谱一、关系代词的用法1.who指人.在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语，Herecomes（hegit1.whoWantStoseeyou.想见你的JE个女孩过来了，Dannyisanunwhoweshou1.d1.earnfrom.丹Ai是我们应当学习的-个人.2wh<>m指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用WhO代昔，RoseisIhepersonWhOmyoushou1.d1.ookafter.罗斯是你应当照看的人3whose可惜饰人，也可修饰物,我“所属”关系,WhoSC在定语从句中作定语.1knowthepersonwhosecompanyproducescomputers.4tI识那个人，他的公UI生产电脑。4which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略Chinaisacountrywhichhasa1.onghisory.中国是一个具有"悠久历史的国家。5.th;“既可指人，也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或我语,作宾语时可省略.习惯上多用Whwhom指人.多用which指物“ThenumberofPeOP1.Cthatcometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemi1.1.ion.f年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Thebagthat1.iesonthegroundishers.地上放的那个包是她的.（that指物.作主语）误区瞥示关系代词代杵先行词在定语从句中充当主谙、宾语、定语,因此定谱从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。译昨天晚上我们看的瑁部电影特别感人.误Thefi1.m(that/which)wcsawit1.astnightisverymoving.正Thefi1.m(IhaUwhiCh)WCsaw1.astnightisvcrjmoving.关系代词作主语时，不能省略：关系代词作宾语时可以省珞，Isthat(hegir1.(whonvihav'who)youspokeof(heotherday?那就是你前几天所提到的女孩叫？二、只能用that而不用、Vhich引导定语从句的状况1 .先行词被序数词或形容词Ai岛级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词地高级时，Thisisthemostde1.iciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最关味的食品.2 .先行诃是不定代词.如a1.1.1.itt1.e,tew,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,some等时.A1.1.(hatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都己经悔了。3 .先行词被a1.1.every,no.(heon1.y,bevery,the1.ast等修饰时”I'vereada1.1.thebooksthatarcnotmine.我已羟读T全部那些不是我的书.Theon1.ythingthatshecou1.ddowasgotothepo1.iceforhe1.p.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。学法点拨：以上三种状况彳i一个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“睢”或者“全部”概念,以致无法作出“选择二因为关系代词Which原来也是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”.含有选择意味，所以，用Iha1.引导万无一失。4 .先行词既有人又有物时。Weoftenta1.kaboutthePerSOnSandthings(hatweremember.我们经常谈起我的记得的人和事.5 .当主句是以which开头的特别疑问句时.Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtisdiem>s1.usefu1.formywriting?你买的书中哪一本对我写作最有用?6 .关系代词在定谱从句中作tobe的表i彩时.Heisn'ttheboythatheusedIobC.他不再是过去的男孩了.三、只能用which而不用Ihat引导定语从句的状况I.引导非限制性定i告从句时.Footba1.1.,whichisavcrjinterestinggame,isp1.ayeda1.1.overtheWOHd.足球一项特别好玩的运动，在全世界得到了普及.2 .当关系代词前有介词时。ThisisthehouseinwhichheOnCCIiVCd.这就是他曾经住过的房子.3 .当先行词本身就是Iha1.时，Thatwhichyouto1.dhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow.你告知他的步情就是我们处知道的,4 .在限制性定语从句中，假如有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系何是<hat,那么另一句的关系词就需用which.1.etmeshowyouthenove1.that1borrowedfromtheIibrarj'whichwasnew1.yopen.让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。四、as引导定语从句1.as用作关系代诃既可指人,也可指物.在定语从句中可作主谙、宾语或表谙.它常用在thesame.as.such.as.as.as.等句型中,as不能省略。SuchteachersasknowTomthinkhimbright.11识汤姆的g师都认为他聪怒。1.1.buythesamedictionaryasyouhave.我要买和你的样的词典，误区警示当先行词被HCh.Ibesame修饰时，也可用由式引导定语从句，但指同一物，而不是同一类，ThisisthesamebikethatI1.osttwomonthsago.这就是两个月前我丢的加辆自行车。同一辆自行车）比较：ThisisthesamebikeasI1.ost（womonthsago.这辆自行车像两个月前我丢的那柄<相像的自行车）2.as与WhiCh都可作为若关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，代衣主句的整个内容,区分如卜丁as引导的非限制性定语从句1）位置敏捷,可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末:2）先行词不行是一个词.必需是整个主句或主句的部分内容：3）有“正如、像”等意思，表依据、评论看法、看法等：如：a. Thise1.ephantis1.ikeasnake,asanybodycanSee,像任何人都能望见加品这头象像条蛇。b. Hefii1.edinheexam,asWehadexpected.c. Tomhaspassedthetest,ascvcrjbodyknows,正如每个人所If解的那样.汤姆通过了考试.4）常用以卜谓语动词的主、被动语态：know.see.say.expect,imagine,hope,be1.ieve.ImiKHincc.suggest,report,pointouc例：a.主动（做实）：aswea1.1.know,asyouknow,aseven-bixiyknows;asyoumx.aswecansee.aswehaves<xn.asanybodycansee:aswasexpected;asWCc<nimagine,aswehaveimagined.b.被动（做Ekasisknowntocvcrjbody,asisknowntoa1.1.;ashasbeenexpected;asisoftenthecase（with）ashasbeenpointedout,asisusua1.with,asisreportedinthenewspaper.a） Heisanhonestman.asisknowntoa1.1.b） AsisOf1.en1.hCcasewithyoungpeop1.e,hewasOverconGdcn1.Zwhich引导非限制性定语从句1）只能置于句中或句末即不行置于句筲,只能置于先行词之后）:2先行词即可是一个词，也可是整个主句或主句的部分内容：是整个主句时，从句谓语动词用三单。a.HeseemsnottohavegraspedWhatInean（tWhiChgreat1.yupsetsme.他好像没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦.3,互换条件：D非限定从中的as表依据评论WhiCh去事实状态等，但差别不大时可互换。2）留意位置：WhiCh引导的非限制性定语从句不能说于句首，例如：Ascanbeseenfromhisskin,hemustbefromAfrica.=HcmustbefromAfrica.WhiChjaScanbeseenfromhisskin.例1.（2019湖南高考）Itisatru1.yde1.ightfu1.p1.ace.1.ooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycmtages.A.asB.whereC.thatD.which例2.（2019啦庆裔考）Hewro<emanychi1.dren,sbooks,near1.yha1.fofwerepub1.ishedin（he1.990s.A.whomB.whichC.IhcniD.that例3.（2019四川高考）Thcbookson（hedesk,coversarcshiny,arcprizesforus.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.（hat例4(2019福建高考JChinaTodayattractsawor1.dwidereadership,showsthatmoreandmorepeop1.ea1.1.over(bewor1.dWan1.toIeamaboutChina.A.whoB.whomC.Iha1.D.Which例5.(2019江苏高考)Thcnumberofsmokers.isreported.droppedby17percentinjustoneyear.A.itB.whichC.Wha1.D.as例6.(2019Jft)SomcexpertsthinkreadingistheFundamenta1.ski1.1.uponsch1.CduCIHiondepends.A.i1.B.thatC.whoseD.which基础演练一.单项选择1. Theyta1.kedfor出XHI1.anhourofthingsandpersonstheyrememberedin1.hcMrhoO1.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom2. P1.easepassmethedic(ionar)*coverisb1.ackin(hebookshe1.f.A.whichB.itsC.thatD.whose3. Isthisthemuseumyouvisitedtheotherday.Ihavenoi<1.ca.A.1.ha(B.whoseC.(owhichD.(heone4. Thisisoneofthebestfi1.ms.A.thathavebeenshown(hisyearB.(hathaveshownC.(hathasbeenshown(hisyearD.thatyouta1.ked5. Canyou1.endmethebooktheotherday?A.aboutwhichyouta1.kedB.whichyouta1.kedC.aboutthatyouta1.kedD.thatyouta1.ked6. Theengineermyfatherworksisabout50yearso1.d.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom7. Isthereanyoneinyourc1.assfami1.yisin1.hccountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose8.minterestedinyouhavesaid.A.a1.1.thatB.a1.1.wha(C.thatD.which9.,hatistheday11neverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when10.InOUrfactorythereare2.000workers,twothirdsofarcwonn.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who巩国提育二.常见播句修改1. Anyone1.ikesitcanborrowitfromme.2. Themanyousawhimjus(nowismymath(e<tcher.3. Hcisapersonwhooftenhe1.pme.4. Heisthepersonwhosethefami1.yisveryrich.5. App1.ecatersarchea1.thierthanthosedon,t.6. !herearcmanypeop1.e,butnoneofwhom1know.7. Thatisa1.1.wha1tuveknown.8. IsIhiSthebookthatyouarcinterested?9. Thisisthe1.ongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.10.TheradiosetwhichIboughtit1.astweekhasgonewrong.三.单项选择.I.You'retheon1.ypersonvcevermetcou1.ddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D.fwho2.1havetwogrammars.arcofgreatuse.A.a1.1.OfWhiChB.eitherofwhichC.bo(hof(hatD.txwhofwhich3.Youcandependonwhateverpromisehemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose4. Didyouasktheguandhappened?Yes.heto1.dmea1.1.heknew.A.what:thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that5. ThenumberofIhepeop1.ewhocarsincreasingA.owns：arcB.owns：isC.own;isD.own;arc6. Duringthedays.heworkedasascnantattheBrowns.A.fb1.1.ou,edB.fo1.1.owingC.(ofo1.1.owD.Iha1.fo1.1.owed7. Isoxygentheon1.ygashe1.psfirebum?A.thatBC.whichD.it8.IssonicGCrmanfriendsvisited1.astweek?D.(hisSChoo1.whereA.thisschoo1.B.this(heSChOO1.C.(hisschoo1.one9.A1.1.1.ha1.canbeea1.enea1.enup.A.arcbeingC.hadbeenB.hasbeenD.havebeen10.Thep1.aceinterestedmemostwastheChi1.drensPa1.ace.A.whichB.whereI1.Doyouknowchcman?C.whatD.inwhichA.WhomIspokeC.Ispoketo四.用定语从句翻母下列句子1,这就是我工作过的工厂。B.(owhospokeD.thatIspoke2 .这就是我参观过的工厂”3 .这是你第三次来迟.4,这是我读过的鼠好玩的小说。5 .他是一个说话以数的人.6 .不懂装懂的人总有一天会受到惩处。7 .每当我爷爷看到这张照片，就想起50年前实行的这次会议”一.维4选择。1. Whydoesshea1.waysaskyoutorhe1.p?,hcrcisnoonee1.se,isthere?A.whototurntoB.ShCcanIUrntoC.forwhomto1.umD.forhertoturn2. Givacchangeshavetakenp1.aceinthatschoo1.,hisno1.ongeritWaS20yearsago.wassopr1.yequipped.A.what:whenB.that:whichC.what:whichD.which;that3. Hersisterhasbecomea1.awyer.shewanted(obe.A.whoB.thatC.wha1.D.which4. Frank'sdrcamwastohavehisownshop.toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.A.(hatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how5.isoftentheease,wehaveworkedoutthePnKiUCtiOnp1.an.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As6.Theschoo1.s(hemse1.vesadmit1.1.u1.IKHai1.chi1.drenwi1.1.besuccessfu1.inthejobstheyarcbeingtrained.A.in(hatB.for(hatC.inwhichD.forwhich7,1havemanyfriends.somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom8 .Hcwaseducatedata1.oca1.grammarschoo1.,hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.after(haC.afterwhichD.fromthis9 .1.astmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyf1.oods,fromeffectspeop1.earcsti1.1.suffering.A.thatB.whoseC.(hoseD.whatIOJimpassedthedrivinges.surprisedeven/bodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it10 .Iexp1.ainedonthephone,yourrequestwi1.1.beconsideredatthenextmeeting.A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.Since12 .Doyousti1.1.rememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what13 .TheUnitedStatesismadeupoffiftystates,oneofisseparatedfromtheothersbythePacificOcean.A.themB.thoseC.whichD.whose14 .TheEng1.ishp1.aymystudentsacteda(theNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich15 .isreportedinthenewspapers,ta1.ksbetweenthetwocountriesarcmakingprogress.A.1(B.AsC.ThatD.What16 .Thejourneyau1.(hewor1.dtooktheo1.dsai1.orninemonths.(hesai1.ingIimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich17 .Hwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.wha1.D.which二.阅读下面文理，从选给的四个选项中选择正确的答案.AEveryonehasheardof1.heSanAndrcasfau1.t(I断层).whichCons1.ant1.ythreatensCa1.iforniaandtheWestCoastwithearthquakes.Buthowmanypeop1.eknowabouttheequa1.1.yseriousNewMadridfau1.tinMissouri?BetweenDecemberof1811andFCbnmryof1812.three11ujorearthquakesoccurred,a1.1.CCn1.erCdamundthetownofNewMadrid.Missouri,ontheMississippiRiver.ProPCrtydamagewassevere.Bui1.dingsin<beareawerea1.mostdestx>yed.Who1.efonjssfe1.1.a(once,andhugecracksopenedintheground,re1.easingsomestrongsme1.1.chemica1.s.TheMississippiRiveritse1.fcomp1.ete1.ychangedcharacter,deve1.opingsuddenpidsandWhirIPOo1.W激流和SS泯).Scvc11dtimesi1.changeditscourse,andonce,accordingtosomeobsen,eni.itactua1.1.yappearedtorunbackwards.Fewpeop1.ewereki1.1.edintheNewMadridearthquakes,probab1.ysimp1.ybecausetewpeop1.e1.ivedin(heareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearthquakeswasshownbythefactthatIhCshockwavesrangbe1.1.sinchurchtowersinChar1.estonSoUIhCaro1.ina,on(hecoast.Bui1.dingsshkinNewYorkCity,andc1.ockswerestoppedinWashington.D.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmericastwomajorfau1.tsarcessentia1.1.yditTcrcnt.TheSanAndrcasisahorizonta1.(水平的)boundarybetweentwomajor1.andmassesthatares1.ow1.ymovinginoppositedirections.Ca1.iforniaearthquakesresu1.twhenthetwomassesmakeasuddenmove.TheNewMadridfau1.t,onthechcrhand,isavertica1.fau1.t;atsomepoint,possib1.yhundredsofmi1.1.ionsofyearsago.rockwaspusheduptoward(hesurface,probab1.ybyvo1.canoesunderIhesurface.Sudden1.y,thevokanwscoo1.edHndtherckco1.1.apsed,1.eavinghugecracks.Evennow.(he11kcontinuestosett1.edownwards,andsxkicnsinkingnx11ionscauseearthquakesintheregion.Thefau1.titse1.f,a1.argecrackinthis1.ayerofrock,withdozensofothercracksIha1.sp1.itofffromh.exe1.sfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosou1.hurnI1.1.inois.ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadndfau1.tsaytherehavebeennumeroussma1.1.erquakesintheareasince1811;IhCSCsma1.1.erquakesindicatethat1.argeronesarcPrObabIycoming,butthescientistssaytheyhavenomethodofpredictingwhena1.argeearthquakewi1.1.(xxur.()1.11ispassageismain1.yabout.A. theNewMadridfau1.tB.(heSanAndreasC.(hecausesoffau1.tsD.curvntscientificknow1.edgeaboutfau1.ts()2.Whichofthefo1.1.owingpicturesbestdescribesthetypeoftheNewMadridfau1.t?()3.Thispassageimp1.iesthat.A.horizonta1.fauhsarenoredangerous(hanvertica1.fau1.tsB.vertica1.fau1.tsarcmoredangerousthanhorizonta1.fau1.tsC.a1.o<ofpeop1.ewou1.ddieiftheISIINewMadridearthquakeshappenedtodayD.thevo1.canoesIhaICaUed(heNewMadridfau1.taresti1.1.a1.iveBApowerfu1.earthquakestrucktheno11hcastcmcoastofJapanat2:46p.m.1.oca1.1.imeonMarchIIa,2019Japan'sMeteoro1.ogica1.Agencyre1.easeditsfirsttsunamiwarningsjustthreeminutes1.ater.Thecoun1.ryhasoneof(hebestearthquakeear1.ywarningsystemsin(hewor1.d.Therearcover4(XX)SeismicImcnsiiyMeters(地慈然度测量:仪)inp1.acethroughoutJapan(oIneasureearthquakeactivity.Theseme<ersprovideinfbrnu(ionwithinIWominutesofanearthquakehappening.Intbniuitionabu1.(heS1.reng1.handIhccenterofIhcearthquakecanbe1.earnedwithinthreeminutes.Ihcrcarea1.soconcreteseawa1.1.saroundmuchoftheJapanesecoast1.ine.Butthesemeasuresprovednomatchforthepowerfu1.earthquakeandtsunami.CastasSyno1.akisisatsunamiexpertin1.osAnge1.es.Hesays."Japanisoneofthosemostwe1.1.-preparedOOU1.I1.rieSonea11hintermsof(sunamiwarning.Theyhadawarning.Ithinkw1.u(wentwrongisthattheyhadnotanticipatedthesizeofthisevent/*Hesaystherearctworeasonsforthis.JapanhasnothadanyeventanywherenearasbigasthisoneintheIaM150years.Andscientistshadnotexpectedsucha1.argeearthquakehappeningoffhccoastofJapan.The9.0-IndgniIUdCearthquakewasthe41.hms1.powerfu1.earthquikeeverrecordedwor1.dwide,hwasa1.sotheWOnitearthquakeevertohitJapan.*I*hetsunamiwavesthatfo1.1.owedwerereportedtohavereachedashighas13metersinsomeareas.CostasSyno1.akissaysJapansConCrV1.Cseawa1.1.swerenotbuihtohand1.esuchhighwaves.Atsunamiwavecantrave1.asfastasS(X)ki1.ometersperhour.'Vogettohighergroundpeop1.ewou1.doftenhavetotrave1.formanyki1.ometers.Thiscantakemoretimethanafasttrave1.ingtsunamiwi1.1.permit.Thisisespecia1.1.y(meincases1.ikeJapan,wherehecenteroftheearthquakestrucksoc1.oseto<hecoast1.ine.Thetsunamiwavesfo1.1.oweda1.11M>s1.immediate1.y.ExpertssayCariywarningsystemswi1.1.continuetobe1.imitedbythesetactsunti1.earthquakesandtsunamiscanbepredicted.(>4.FromthesecondparagraphwecaninferthatA.Japanisanis1.andcountryB. thecenteroftheearthquakeis1.ocatedin(henorheasrncoastC. theme1.en>inJapanhavedroppedbehindD. manymeasureshavebeencarriedouttoreducetheconsequencesofearthquakesinJapan()5.Thcunder1.inedword“anticipated“inthethirdparagraphprobab1.ymeans*",A.predictedB.measuredC.countedD.prevented(>6.Theunder1.inedwords"thesefacts'*inthe1.astparagraphrefertothefo1.1.owingEXCEPT.A.theconcreteseawa1.1.scan'tcontro1.thewaveB.itis(heworste<rthquakehappeninginJapaninthehistoryC. thespeedot'thetsunamiisfrighteningandquickD. therearcmanyearthquakesinJapan()7Vhichmaybe(hebesttit1.eof(hispassage?A. EarthquakesandtsunamiscanbepredictedB. A9.0-magnitudcearthquakehieJapanC. Japan'sconcreteseawa1.1.sD. AreportaboutJapan'sear1.ywarningsystems()8.Onwhichco1.umnofChinaDai1.ycanyoufindthepassage?A.Techno1.ogy.B.Cu1.turediscovery.C.Trave1.D.History.三.书面表达。假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华.下面四幅图描述了上周六你陪外教Tim去公园的经骁。请依据图片的先后依次，将这件W以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿，留意:I.口记的开头己为你写好。2.词数不少于60,提示词:发票invoiceSaturday,March30FineThismorning.