【中英文对照版】最高人民法院关于审理垄断民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释.docx

中华人民共和国最高人民法院公告最高人民法院关于审理垄断民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释已于2024年2月4日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1915次会议通过，现予公布，自2024年7月1日起施行。最高人民法院2024年6月24日最高人民法院关于审理垄断民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释InterpretationOftheSupremePeop1.e'sCourtofSevera1.IssuesconcerningtheApp1.icationof1.awintheTria1.ofCivi1.DisputeCasesrisingfromMonopo1.isticConduct制定机关：发高人民法院发文字号：法林C2024)6号公布日期：2024.06.24施行日期：2024.07.01效力位阶：司;去解释法规吴别：K事责任反不正当竞争IssuingAuthoritySuP1.t1.nePeop1.e'sCounDocumentNumber：InterpretationNo.62()24ofSupremePeop1.e'sCourtDa1.eIssued：06-24-2024Ef1.cctivcDate：07-01-20241.eve1.ofAuthority：Judicia1.InterpretationAreaof1.awCivi1.1.iabi1.ityAnti-UnfairCompe(i(ionAnnouncementoftheSupremePeop1.e'sCourtofthePeop1.e'sRepub1.icofChinaTheInterpretationoftheSupremePeop1.e'sCourtofSevera1.IssuesconcerningtheApp1.icationof1.awintheTria1.ofCivi1.DisputeCasesArisingfromMonopo1.isticConduct,asadoptedatthe1,915thSessionoftheJudicia1.CommitteeoftheSupremePeop1.e'sCourtonFebruary4,2024,eintoforceonJu1.y1t2024.SupremePeop1.e'sCourtJune24,2024InterpretationoftheSupremePeop1.e'sCourtofSevera1.IssuesconcerningtheApp1.icationof1.awintheTria1.ofCivi1.DisputeCasesArisingfromMonopo1.isticConduct(InterpretationNo.62024oftheSupremePeop1.e'sCourt,adoptedatthe1,915thSessionoftheJudicia1.CommitteeoftheSupremePeop1.e'sCourtonFebruary4.2024.andcomingintoforceonJu1.y1,2024)Forthepurposesofmaintainingtheorderoffaircompetitioninthemarketandtryingcivi1.disputecasesarisingfrommonopo1.isticconductina1.ega1.,impartia1.,andefficientmanner,thisInterpretationisdeve1.opedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheCivi1.CodeofthePeop1.e'sRepub1.icofChina,theAnti-monopo1.y1.awofthePeop1.e'sRepub1.icofChina,theCivi1.Procedure1.awofthePeop1.e'sRepub1.icofChina,andotherre1.evant1.aws.I.Procedura1.ProvisionsArtic1.e1ForthepurposesofthisInterpretation,“civi1.disputecasesarisingfrommonopo1.isticconduct"meanscasesoncivi1.1.awsuitsfi1.edwithpeop1.e'scourtsbynatura1.persons,1.ega1.persons,orunincorporatedorganizationsfordisputesover1.ossescausedbymonopo1.isticconductorvio1.ationsoftheAnti-monopo1.y1.awbycontractua1.provisions,ortheby1.aws,reso1.utions,ordecisions,amongothers,ofassociationsofundertakings.最高人民法院关于审理垄断民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释(2024年2月4日最高人民法院审判委员会第1915次会议通过，自2024年7月1日起施行法释(2024)6号)为维护市场公平竞争秩序，依法公正高效审理垄断民事纠纷案件，根据中华人民共和国民法典、中华人民共和国反垄断法、中华人民共和国民事诉讼法等有关法律规定,制定本解释。一、程序规定笫一条本解释所称垄断民事纠纷案件，是指自然人、法人或者非法人组织因垄断行为受到损失以及因合同内容或者经营者团体的章程、决议、决定等违反反垄断法而发生争议，依据反垄断法向人民法院提起民事诉讼的案件。本解释所称经营者团体，包括行业协会等由两个以上经营者为了实现共同目的而组成的结合体或者联合体。ForthepurposesofthisInterpretation,"associationofundertakings"inc1.udesacombinationoforassociationsformedbytwoormoreundertakingsforthecommonpurpose,suchasanindustryassociation.Artic1.e2Whereap1.aintiffdirect1.yfi1.esacivi1.1.awsuitwiththepeop1.e'scourtinaccordancewiththeAnti-monopo1.y1.aw,orfi1.esacivi1.1.awsuitwiththepeop1.e'scourtafteradecisionoftheantimonopo1.y1.awenforcementauthorityaffirmingtheexistenceofmonopo1.isticconductismade,ifthe1.awsuitsatisfiestheconditionsfor1.awsuitacceptanceprescribedby1.aws,thepeop1.e'scourtsha1.1.acceptthe1.awsuit.Ifthep1.aintifffi1.esa1.awsuitso1.e1.yrequestingthepeop1.e'scourttoaffirmtheexistenceofthedefendant'sspecificmonopo1.isticconductandnotrequestingthedefendanttoassumecivi1.1.iabi1.ity,thepeop1.e,scourtsha1.1.notacceptthe1.awsuit.Artic1.e3Whereapartyfi1.esamonopo1.isticcivi1.1.awsuitwiththepeop1.e'scourtandtheotherpartyc1.aimsthatthepeop1.e'scourtsha1.1.notacceptthe1.awsuitonthegroundofacontractua1.re1.ationshipandanarbitrationagreementbetweenthetwoparties,thepeop1.e'scourtsha1.1.notsupportsuchac1.aim.Artic1.e4Aninte1.1.ectua1.propertycourtorintermediatepeop1.e'scourtdesignatedbytheSupremePeop1.e'sCourtsha1.1.havejurisdictionovercivi1.disputecasesarisingfrommonopo1.isticconductasthecourtoffirstinstance.第二条原告依据反垄断法直接向人民法院提起民事诉讼，或者在反垄断执法机构认定构成垄断行为的处理决定作出后向人民法院提起民事诉讼，且符合法律规定的受理条件的，人民法院应予受理。原告起诉仅请求人民法院确认被告的特定行为构成垄断，而不请求被告承担民事责任的，人民法院不予受理。第三条一方当事人向人民法院提起垄断民事诉讼，另一方当事人以双方之间存在合同关系且有仲裁协议为由，主张人民法院不应受理的，人民法院不予支持。第四条第一审垄断民事纠纷案件，由知识产权法院和最高人民法院指定的中级人民法院管辖。第五条垄断民事纠纷案件的地域管辖，根据案件具体情况，依照民事诉讼法及相关司法解释有关侵权纠纷、合同纠纷等的管辖规定确定。Artic1.e5Theterritoria1.jurisdictionovercivi1.disputecasesarisingfrommonopo1.isticconductsha1.1.bedeterminedin1.ightofthespecificcircumstancesofacaseandinaccordancewiththejurisdictionprovisionsoftheCivi1.Procedure1.awandre1.evantjudicia1.interpretationsconcerningtorts,contractdisputes,andothermatters.Artic1.e6Whereap1.aintiff,inaccordancewiththeAnti-monopo1.y1.aw.fi1.esacivi1.1.awsuitagainstthedefendantwhohasnodomici1.ewithintheterritoryofthePeop1.e'sRepub1.icofChina,c1.aimingthatthedefendant'smonopo1.isticconductoutsidetheterritoryofthePeop1.e'sRepub1.icofChinahastheeffectofexc1.udingorrestrictingcompetitioninthedomesticmarket,thecourthavingjurisdictionsha1.1.bedeterminedinaccordancewithArtic1.e276oftheCivi1.Procedure1.aw.Artic1.e7Wherethecauseofactionforacaseisnotacivi1.disputearisingfrommonopo1.isticconductwhenthecaseisfi1.ed,butafteracceptingthecase,thepeop1.e'scourtfindsuponexaminationthatthecauseofactionisacivi1.disputearisingfrommonopo1.isticconduct,thepeop1.e'scourtacceptingthe1.awsuit,ifhavingnojurisdictionovercivi1.disputecasesarisingfrommonopo1.isticconduct,sha1.1.transferthecasetothepeop1.e'scourthavingjurisdictionoversuchdisputes.Artic1.e8Wheretwoormorep1.aintiffshaverespective1.yfi1.ed1.awsuitsforthesamemonopo1.isticconductwiththesamepeop1.e'scourthavingjurisdiction,thepeop1.e'scourtmaytrythecasesconcurrent1.y.笫六条原告依据反垄断法对在中华人民共和国境内没有住所的被告提起民事诉讼，主张被告在中华人民共和国境外的垄断行为对境内市场竞争产生排除、限制影响的，根据民事诉讼法第二百七十六条的规定确定管辖法院。第七条案件立案时的案由并非垄断民事纠纷，人民法院受理后经审查发现属于垄断民事纠纷，但受诉人民法院并无垄断民事纠纷案件管辖权的，应当将案件移送有管辖权的人民法院。第八条两个以上原告因同一垄断行为向有管辖权的同一人民法院分别提起诉讼的，人民法院可以合并审理。两个以上原告因同一垄断行为向有管辖权的不同人民法院分别提起诉讼的，后立案的人民法院发现其他有管辖权的人民法院已先立案的，应当裁定将案件移送先立案的人民法院；受移送的人民法院可以合并审理。Iftwoormorep1.aintiffshaverespective1.yfi1.ed1.awsuitsforthesamemonopo1.isticconductwithdifferentpeop1.e'scourtshavingjurisdiction,thepeop1.e'scourtthatfi1.esthecase1.atersha1.1.,afterfindingthatthecasehasbeenfi1.edbyanotherpeop1.e'scourthavingjurisdiction,ru1.etotransferthecasetothepeop1.e'scourtthatfi1.esthecaseear1.ier;andthepeop1.e'scourtthatacceptsthetransferredcasemaytrythecasesconcurrent1.y.Thepeop1.e'scourtmayrequirethepartiestoprovideinformationonadministrative1.awenforcement,arbitration,1.itigation,andothercircumstancesre1.atingtothea1.1.egedmonopo1.isticconduct.Theparty'srefusa1.totruthfu1.1.yprovidesuchinformationmaybetakenintoconsiderationindeterminingwhetherthepartyfo1.1.owstheprincip1.eofgoodfaithandabusesrights,amongothers.Artic1.e9Wherethep1.aintiff,withoutanyjustifiab1.ereason,sp1.itsthedefendant'ssamemonopo1.isticconductbasedontheaffectedregion,duration,imp1.ementationcircumstances,scopeofdamage,andotherfactors,andfi1.essevera1.1.awsuitsseparate1.y,thepeop1.e'scourtthatfirstacceptssuchcasesmaytrythemconcurrent1.y.Artic1.e10Wherenoadministrative1.awsuitisfi1.edagainstthedecisionoftheanti-monopo1.y1.awenforcementauthorityaffirmingtheexistenceofmonopo1.isticconductwithintheprescribedtime1.imitorsuchadecisionhasbeenconfirmedbyaneffectivejudgmentofthepeop1.e'scourt,ifthep1.aintiffc1.aimsthatthebasicfactsascertainedbythedecisionaretrueinthere1.evantcivi1.disputecasearisingfrommonopo1.isticconduct,thep1.aintiffisnotrequiredtoproduceevidencetoprovesuchfacts,un1.essitcanbeoverturnedbycontraryevidence.人民法院可以要求当事人提供与被诉垄断行为相关的行政执法、仲裁、诉讼等情况。当事人拒不如实提供的，可以作为认定其是否遵循诚信原则和构成滥用权利等的考量因素。第九条原告无正当理由而根据影响地域、持续时间、实施场合、损害范围等因素对被告的同一垄断行为予以拆分，分别提起数个诉讼的，由最先受理诉讼的人民法院合并审理。第十条反垄断执法机构认定构成垄断行为的处理决定在法定期限内未被提起行政诉讼或者已为人民法院生效裁判所确认，原告在相关垄断民事纠纷案件中据此主张该处理决定认定的基本事实为真实的，无需再行举证证明，但有相反证据足以推翻的除外。必要时，人民法院可以要求作出处理决定的反垄断执法机构对该处理决定的有关情况予以说明。反垄断执法机构提供的信息、材料等尚未公开的，人民法院应当依职权或者依申请Whennecessary,thepeop1.e'scourtmayrequiretheanti-monopo1.y1.awenforcementauthoritythathasmadethedecisiontoexp1.ainthere1.evantinformationonsuchadecision.Iftheinformationormateria1.s,amongothers,providedbytheantimonopo1.y1.awenforcementauthorityhavenotbeenmadepub1.ic,thepeop1.e'scourtsha1.1.takereasonab1.eprotectivemeasuresbasedonitsauthorityoruponapp1.ication.Article 11 Apartymayapp1.ytothepeop1.e'scourttoca1.1.onetotwopersonswithexpertiseinthefie1.dinvo1.vedinacaseoreconomics,amongothers,toexp1.ainspecia1.issuesofthecaseincourt.Thepartiesmayapp1.ytothepeop1.e'scourttoentrustaprofessiona1.institutionorprofessiona1.stosubmitamarketinvestigationoreconomicana1.ysisopiniononspecia1.issuesofacase.Theprofessiona1.institutionorprofessiona1.smaybedeterminedthroughconsu1.tationbybothparties;andifsuchconsu1.tationfai1.s,theprofessiona1.institutionorprofessiona1.ssha1.1.bedesignatedbythepeop1.e'scourt.Thepeop1.e'scourtmayexamineandassessthemarketinvestigationoreconomicana1.ysisopinionprovidedbysuchprofessiona1.institutionorprofessiona1.sbyreferringtotheprovisionsoftheCivi1.Procedure1.awandre1.evantjudicia1.interpretationsonexpertopinion.Whereapartyentrustsare1.evantprofessiona1.institutionorprofessiona1.stosubmitamarketinvestigationoreconomicana1.ysisopiniononspecia1.issuesofacase,ifsuchanopinion1.acksthesupportofre1.iab1.efacts,data,orothernecessarybasicinformation,or1.acksre1.iab1.eana1.ysismethods,oriftheevidenceorgroundprovidedbytheotherpartyissufficienttorefutesuchanopinion,thepeop1.e'scourtsha1.1.notacceptsuchanopinion.采取合理保护措施。笫十一条当事人可以向人民法院申请一至二名具有案件所涉领域、经济学等专门知识的人员出庭，就案件的专门性问题进行说明。当事人可以向人民法院申请委托专业机构或者专业人员就案件的专门性问题提出市场调查或者经济分析意见。该专业机构或者专业人员可以由双方当事人协商确定；协商不成的，由人民法院指定。人民法院可以参照民事诉讼法及相关司法解释有关鉴定意见的规定，对该专业机构或者专业人员提出的市场调查或者经济分析意见进行审查判断。一方当事人就案件的专门性问题自行委托有关专业机构或者专业人员提出市场调查或者经济分析意见，该意见缺乏可靠的事实、数据或者其他必要基础资料佐证，或者缺乏可靠的分析方法，或者另一方当事人提出证据或者理由足以反驳的，人民法院不予采信。第十二条经营者实施垄断行为损害社会公共利益，设区的市级以上人民检察院依法Article 12 Whereanundertaking'smonopo1.isticconductdamagesthepub1.icinterest,andthepeop1.e'sprocuratorateatorabovethe1.eve1.ofadistrictedcityfi1.esacivi1.pub1.icinterest1.awsuitinaccordancewiththe1.aw,theprovisionsof1.awsandjudicia1.interpretationsonpub1.icinterest1.itigationsha1.1.app1.y,exceptasotherwiseprescribedbythisInterpretation.Article 13 Wheretheanti-monopo1.y1.awenforcementauthorityhasfi1.edacaseforinvestigationintothea1.1.egedmonopo1.isticconduct,thepeop1.e'scourtmayru1.etosuspendthe1.awsuitaccordingtothespecificcircumstancesofthecase.II.DefinitionofRe1.evantMarketArtic1.e14Wherethep1.aintiffc1.aimsthatthea1.1.egedmonopo1.isticconductvio1.atestheAntimonopo1.y1.aw,itsha1.1.genera1.1.ydefinethere1.evantmarketspecifiedinparagraph2ofArtic1.e15oftheAnti-monopo1.y1.aw,andprovideevidenceorfu1.1.yexp1.ainthereasons.Ifthep1.aintiffc1.aimsthatthedefendanthasadominantmarketpositionorsignificantmarketpowerinthere1.evantmarketonthegroundofthedefendant'smarketshareinthere1.evantmarket,itsha1.1.definethere1.evantmarket,andprovideevidenceorfu1.1.yexp1.ainthereasons.Thep1.aintiffmayno1.ongerassumetheburdenofprooffordefiningthere1.evantmarketiftheevidenceprovidedbyitissufficienttodirect1.yprovetheexistenceofanyofthefo1.1.owingcircumstances:提起民事公益诉讼的，适用与公益诉讼有关的法律和司法解释的规定，但本解释另有规定的除外。第十三条反垄断执法机构时被诉垄断行为已经立案调查的，人民法院可以根据案件具体情况，裁定中止诉讼。二、相关市场界定第十四条原告主张被诉垄断行为违反反垄断法的，一般应当界定反垄断法第十五条第二款所称的相关市场并提供证据或者充分说明理由。原告以被告在相关市场的市场份额为由主张其具有市场支配地位或者显著的市场力量的，应当界定相关市场并提供证据或者充分说明理由。原告提供证据足以直接证明下列情形之一的，可以不再对相关市场界定进一步承担举证责任：（一）被诉垄断协议的经营者具有显著的市场力量；(1) Theundertakingofthea1.1.egedmonopo1.yagreementhassignificantmarketpower.(2) Theundertakingaccusedofabusingitsdominantmarketpositionhasadominantmarketposition.(3) Thea1.1.egedmonopo1.isticconducthastheeffectofexc1.udingorrestrictingcompetition.Ifthep1.aintiffc1.aimsthatthea1.1.egedmonopo1.isticconductfa1.1.sunderanyofthecircumstancesspecifiedinsubparagraphs(1)through(5)ofArtic1.e17andsubparagraphs(1)and(2),paragraph1ofArtic1.e18oftheAnti-monopo1.y1.aw,itisnotrequiredtoprovideevidencefordefiningthere1.evantmarket.Artic1.e15Whendefiningthere1.evantcommoditymarketandre1.evantregiona1.marketinwhichundertakingscompetewitheachotherinrespectofspecificcommoditiesorservices(hereinafterco1.1.ective1.yreferredtoas"commodities")duringacertainperiod,thepeop1.e'scourtmay,accordingtothespecificcircumstancesofthecase,conductdemandsubstitutionana1.ysisfromtheperspectiveofdemandersbasedonthespecificcommoditiesdirect1.yinvo1.vedinthea1.1.egedmonopo1.isticconduct.Ifthecompetitiveconstraintscausedbysupp1.ysubstitutionontheactivitiesofundertakingsaresimi1.artothatofdemandsubstitution,thesupp1.ysubstitutionmaya1.sobeana1.yzedfromtheperspectiveofsupp1.iers.(一)被诉溢用市场支配地位的经营者具有市场支配地位；(三)被诉垄断行为具有排除、限制竞争效果。原告主张被诉垄断行为属于反垄断法第十七条第一项至第五项和第十八条第一款第一项、第二项规定情形的，可以不对相关市场界定提供证据。第十五条人民法院界定经营者在一定时期内就特定商品或者服务(以下统称商品)进行竞争的相关商品市场和相关地域市场，可以根据案件具体情况，以被诉垄断行为直接涉及的特定商品为基础，从需求者角度进行需求替代分析；供给替代对经营者行为产生的竞争约束类似于需求替代的，还可以从供给者编度进行供给替代分析。人民法院进行需求替代或者供给替代分析时，可以采用假定垄断者测试的分析方法，一般选择使用价格上涨的假定垄断者测试方法；经营者之间的竞争主要表现为质量、多样性、创新等非价格竞争的，可以选Whenconductingdemandorsupp1.ysubstitutionana1.ysis,thepeop1.e'scourtmayadopttheana1.ytica1.methodofhypothetica1.monopo1.isttestandgenera1.1.yse1.ectthemethodofhypothetica1.monopo1.isttestunderthescenarioofpricerise.Ifcompetitionamongundertakingsismain1.ymanifestedinqua1.ity,diversity,innovation,andothernon-pricecompetition,hypothetica1.monopo1.isttestmethodssuchasqua1.itydec1.ineandcostincreasemaybechosen.Artic1.e16Thepeop1.e'scourtsha1.1.,whenana1.yzinganddefiningthere1.evantcommoditymarketfromtheperspectiveofdemandsubstitution,genera1.1.ytakeintoaccountsuchfactorsasdemanders,demandsforthecharacteristics,functions,andusesofcommodities,recognitionofqua1.ity,acceptanceofprice,anddifficu1.tyinacquiringcommodities,determinethemarketcomposedofagrouporcategoryofcommoditiesthat,intheopinionofdemanders,arec1.ose1.ysubstitutab1.ecommoditiesasthere1.evantcommoditymarket.Inana1.yzinganddefiningthere1.evantcommoditymarketfromtheperspectiveofsupp1.ysubstitution,theintentionandabi1.ityofotherundertakingstoenterthemarket,costandrisksassumed,marketbarrierstoovercome,timeneeded,andotherfactorsmaybecomprehensive1.yconsidered.择质量下降、成本上升等假定垄断者测试方法。笫十六条人民法院从需求替代的角度分析界定相关商品市场时，一般根据需求者对于商品特性、功能和用途的需求、质量的认可、价格的接受以及获取的难易程度等因素，确定由需求者认为具有较为紧密替代关系的一组或者一类商品所构成的市场为相关商品市场。从供给替代的角度分析界定相关商品市场时，可以综合考虑其他经营者进入市场的意图和能力、承担的成本与风险、克服的市场障碍、需要的时间等因素。分析界定互联网平台（以下称平台）所涉相关商品市场时，结合被诉垄断行为的特点、产生或者可能产生排除、限制竞争效果的具体情况、平台的类型等因素，一般可以根据该平台与被诉垄断行为最相关一边的商品界定相关商品市场，也可以根据被诉垄断行为所涉及的多边商品分别界定多个相关商品市场，必要时也可以根据特定平台整体界定相关商品市场。特定平台存在跨边网络效应，并给该平台经营者施加了足够的竞争约束的，可以根据该平台整体界定相关商品市场，也可以根据跨边网络效应Whenana1.yzinganddefiningthere1.evantcommoditymarketinvo1.vingtheInternetp1.atform("p1.atform"),in1.ightofthecharacteristicsofthea1.1.egedmonopo1.isticconduct,thespecificcircumstancesthatproduceormayproducetheeffectofexc1.udingorrestrictingcompetition,thetypeofthep1.atform,andotherfactors,there1.evantcommoditymarketmaygenera1.1.ybedefinedaccordingtothecommoditiesofthep1.atformmostc1.ose1.yre1.atedtothea1.1.egedmonopo1.isticconduct,moditiesinvo1.vedinthea1.1.egedmonopo1.isticconduct,orthere1.evantcommoditymarketmaybedefinedasawho1.eaccordingtoaspecificp1.atformwhennecessary.Ifaspecificp1.atformhascross-bordernetworkeff