上海牛津版七年级上册语法.docx

新版上海牛津版七年级上册语法一、知火点（一）特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：以疑问代词what.who.whose,which或疑问副词when,where,why,how等放在句首提问的句子，叫特殊疑问句。答句必须针对问句中的疑问词来回答，疑问词分为疑问代词和疑问副词。一、特殊疑问词（'）疑问代词whawhom/whose/what/which1. who.whom,whose只能指人vh常作主语或宾语；WhOm作宾语，可用WhO替代：WhOSC常作定语或表语。eg:Whotaughtyoumath1.astyear?（主语）Whomdidyousee?（宾语）WhosefatherworksinShenzhen?（定语）2. vhai用来问询物或数量，用来问询人时波及人的职业，身份或外貌.如：Whatwou1.dyou1.iketoeattoday?你今大想吃什么？Wha1.isyourmother?你妈妈是干什么的？3which用来问询人或物，一般有特定的选择范围.如:“表达一类事物或人中的任何一种.如:I1.iereisanis1.andoverthere.那儿有座岛Besuretobringmeadictionary.一定要给我带木字典来。学表达一类事物或人，a/an在此处不用翻译。如：Anearisanorganfor1.istening.耳朵是听觉器官。Atigerisawi1.danima1.老虎是一种野生动物s(2)用在专有名词前面，表达“一种”、“一种”、“一类”或“一种类似的”。如:I1.iatcityisaVeniceinChina.那座都市是中国的威尼斯。1.轻易弄错的派词总结anhour一种小时auniform件制服anhonestboy一种诚实的男孩auniversity一座大学anunusua1.watch,块不寻常的手表ausefu1.book本有用的书aumbre1.1.a-一把雨伞anunc1.e位叔叔(二)一般目前时I表达目前的状态、常常的或习惯性的动作、表达主语具有的性格和能力等.与一般目前时连用的时间状语toften,a1.ways*sometimes*usua1.1.y*everyday/week/yearJc.一般聚同句,Do+主通除第三人酬单却+动词原形+其的成分?Dotheboysoftengoswimminginsummer?Yes9theydo./No9theydon主语为第三人称单数Doe/主语+动词原形+其他成分?Doesshebrushherteetheveryday?fes9shedoes./No9shedoesn7.主语是第三人称单数时.行为动词的变化规则如下：1、一般动词在词尾加s,如:he1.ps,makes,gets,swims,knows*P1.ayS等2、以s,×tch,sh或o结尾的动词在词尾加-es,如dresses,WaSheS,catches,docs等3、以*字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i,再加-es,如f1.yf1.ies,study-StUdieS等p1.ay-p1.aysenjoy-enjoys（四）名词：名词是衰达人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词.可数名词表达可以用Ifc字进行计算的名词，不可数名词表达不能用数字进行计算的.可数名词有单复数形式，若要表达一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念，需使用名词的单数形式.表达名词的单数时，要在名词前面加上冠词a或an.若要衰达两个或两个以上的概念时，要用到名词的复数形式.Myyoungersisterhasajobinastore.我妹妹在商店工作.Shehastwojobs.她打两份工.（一）、可数名词与不可数名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词表达单个人和事物.表达一群人或某些事物的名称.表达物质或不具有形状和大小的个体的物麻.表达动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念.mother;f1.ower.tree,bagPeOP1.apo1.ice,fami1.ymi1.k,rice,breadEngiish9Wateivmoney.news,weather1.ove注:集体名词做主语时,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数,假如强调整体用单数,强调个体或组员,则用复数.Thepo1.icearesearchingforhim.TheChinesepeop1.earebraveandhardworking.(二)、名词复数形式变化：(1)规则变化1）一般变化，在名词后加&如Ibook-books;bagbags2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名面，加-es,如：bus-buses;boxboxes:watchwatches;wishwishes;g1.assg1.asses3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词，变、为i再加es,如：city-cities;country-countries;study-studies;fami1.y-Fami1.ies4）以f或fe结尾的单词，有些将f或fe变为V,再加es;有些只加s:wife-wives;knife-knives;wo1.f-wo1.ves;thief-thieves;she1.f-she1.ves;myse1.fmyse1.ves;1.ife-1.ives;ha1.fha1.ves;1.eaf-1.eaves;roof-roofs;chief_chiefs;be1.ief-be1.iefs;proof-proofs;handkerchiefhandkerchiefshanderchieves（ft/头巾）5）以。结尾的名词，有些加-S,有些加-蜷如：hero-heroes;Negro-Negroes:potato-potatoes;tomato-tomatoes（两人两菜）photo-photos;radio-radios;piano-pianos;studiostudios;bamboo_bamboos;zero-ZerOS/zeroes;（2）不规则变化chi1.dchi1.den;footfeet;tooth-teeth;goosegeese;mouse-mice:manmen;womanwomen注意：由一种词加man或Woman构成的合成词，其复数形式同上.Eng1.ishmanEng1.ishmen:Frenchmanfrenchmen：但German-GennanS（不是合成词）（3）单复数同形deer;sheep;fish;Chinese;Japanese（4）有些名词只用复数形式：dothes（衣Sb;PantS（短裤；裤子）;jeans（牛仔裤）;ShOrtS（短裤）;g1.asses（眼债）;SdSSois（剪刀）此类词常与apairof：twopairsof这样的短语连用（5）某些词虽以s结尾，但仍为单数：a.maths,po1.itics,physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数；I）.news为不可数名词；.c.theUnitedStatesttheUS）;theUnitedNatiOnS（theUN）应视为单数；（三）、不可数名词只有单数形式.物质名词一般属于不可数名词.如：液体和气体：water;mi1.k;air;思想和慝觉：beauty;1.ove;hate极小的物体：ricc;sa1.t;sand学校科StEng1.ish;Maths;Art四、一般目前时中，单数可数名词和不可数名词后要用动词的第三人称单数形式；可数名词复数后要用动词原形.如：ThisorangecomesfromGermany.Thiscoffeecomes11>mGermany.TheseorangescomefromGermany.五、不可数名词的火词物项名闻的数量，一般用单位或容昼的量表达，即“单位+of+物质名网”的形式.Ihadabow1.ofsoupandtwocupsofteajustnow.我刚刚喝了一碗汤和两杯茶.如apieceof;abott1.eof;ag1.assof;twocupsofTherebe句型；Therebe句型与have（has：had）的多种形式的区别1、therebe句型表达：在某地有某物（或人）Thereisavaseonthetab1.e.2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据量邻近be动词的那个名词决定.即,就近一致”.Thereisaduckinthepond.如：am(is一are-cometakehave(has)一三、一般过去时的几种句型：(1) be动词的一般过去时的句型，W定句构造为：主语+was/Were+其他.如：Iwasathomeyesterday.Theywererea1.1.yhappyatthepar1.y.否认句构造为，主语+“asnot(wasn't)/werenot(weren't)+其他.如：Iwasn'tathomeyesterday.Theyweren,thappyattheparty.一般疑问句构造为：WaS八VCre+主语+其他？如：Wereyouathomeyesterday?-Yes,1was./No,1wasn't.-Weretheyhappyattheparty?-Yes.theywere./No.theyweren't.特殊疑问句构造为：疑问词+was/were+主语+其他？如1：Wherewereyou1.astnight?Wewereatmyunc1.e'shouse.-Howwasyourweekend?-Itwasgreat.（2）实义动词的一般过去时的句型:肯定句构造为：主语+动词的过去式+其他.如：Hcwenttothetoystoreyesterday.WCtooksomepicturesinthepark.否认句构造为：主语+didnot(didn't)+动词原形+其他.1:Hedidn'tgotothetoystoreyesterday.Wcdidn'ttakeanypicturesinthepark.一般疑问句构造为：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？如:DidyougotoBeijing1.astweek?Yes.Idid./No.Ididn't.Didhemeetthebusinessmanbefore?-No,hedidn't./Yes.hedid.特殊疑问句构造为：疑问闻+did+主语+动词原形+其他？如：Whatdidyoudo1.astnight?一1didmyhomework.Wheredidyougo1.astweek?IwenttoShanghaiwithmyparents.()人称代词及物主代词代词（人称代词&物主代词&不定代词）重点难点含义:我们可以用代词来替代先前所提及的名词或名词短语。JohnaskedSa1.1.yforherIeIePhonenumber,soshegiveittohim.（一）人称代词：人称代词是指人或事物的代词，有性、数、格的区别。格人称单数数生格宾格主格宾格第人称WCmeweUS第二人称youyouyouyou第二人称hehimtheythemsheheritit(I)主格在句中作主语,例如:SheismyEng1.ishteacher.(2)宾格在句中作宾语,例如：T1.ieydon'twantmetogotherea1.one.Don'two11y.1can!kafterher.如下几点需要注意：1.I1.作为人称代词时，可以表达天气、距离,时间、环境等.例如:ItisaboutK）ki1.ometresfromhere.离这儿大概有10公里。2 .It还可用作形式主语来替代由不定式，以防止句子头重脚轻。例如:Itisnoteasyto1.earnEng1.ishwe1.1.3 .人称代诃She可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮。例如:WcIovcourcountry,wchopeshe'1.1.bestrongerandstronger.（二）物主代词，是用来表达物体的归属的.物主代词的含义：“谁的”.物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。（注：形容闻性物主代词须放在名词前面使用，形容词性物主代词须单独使用.）例如，Thisisn'tyourgift.Itishergift.Thisisn'tyours.Itishers.词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs（注：除了mine之外，名词性物主代词直接在形容闻性物主代词后加G思索：its与it's的区别?()不定代词复合不定代询:someanynoeverysomethinganythingnothingeverythingsomeoneanyonenooneeveryonesomebodyanybodynobodycvcrjbody在泞定句中用somcb<x1.y(=somconc)/something：在否认句及疑问句中用anybody(=anyone)/anything：形容词或eke修饰不定代词时；形容词或e1.se应放在不定代诃背面。例：somethingnew.疑问句中，当说话人期待对方作出肯定回答时，常用SOme-系列的不定代词。例：Wou1.dyou1.ikesomethingtoeat?二、课堂练习()6.Thereispacketofsa1.tinbox.a;/B.a;theC.the;/D.the：a()7.SusanisgoodChinese.Andshe1.ikesmusic.A.in;1.istenB. in：1.isteningC. at;1.isteningtoD.at;1.isten)8.Theshoesareverynice.Can1A. tryitonB. trj,onitC. trythemonD.trjonthem)9.Thereisonthetab1.e.A. abow1.andtwoCUPSofteaB. twocupsofteaandabow1.C. twocupsofteaD. cupsoftea)10.doyous1.eepeverynight?MoreU1.an7hours.A.HowoftenB.HowmanyC.HowmuchD.How1.ong)11.Isthisba1.1.,Joe?No,it,SnotA.your;myB.your:mineC.yours;myD.yours:mine()12.-Howdoyou1.ikeShanghai,Joycc?Ithinkit'soneofinthewor1.d.A. biggestcityB. thebiggestcityC. thebiggestcitiesD. bigcities()13./Xreyoustamps?-Yes.Ienjoystampsverj,much.A.keenon.co1.1.ectingB.1.ike,seeingC.1.ove,tobuyD.interestedin.toco1.1.ect)14.-a1.etterforyou.I1.isfromMay.-Oh,Iknow.Iwi1.1.itsoon.Thereis.answertoB.Hereis.rep1.ytoC.Thereis.rep1.yD.Hereis.answerto)15.-DidyouseeinBeijing?-Sure.somethinginterestingB.anythinginterestingC.interestinganythingD.interestingsomething)16.1.et,swastetime.Thereisgoingtobethena1.examintwoweeks.don,tB.nottoC.notD.don,tto)17.Howmanyarcthereinyoursch1.?A.womanteacherB.womanteachersC.womenteachersD.womenteacher)18.-Don'tforgettobringyourumbre1.1.a.-Why?-1.ookatthec1.ouds.It.A.rainsB.isgoingiorainC.wasrainingD.israining)19.ShenzhenisthesouthofChina.AonB.inC.toD.at)20.-Mike,IamsothatIcan'tbe1.ievenyeyes.-1agreewithyou.Itisso,A.surpriscsurprisedB.SurpriscdisurpriscdC-SurprisingisurpriscdDsurpriscd:SUrPriSing)21.OnSundays1.i1.yadancingc1.ubandpractisesdancingwithherfriends.A.attcndsB.assistsCcsD.discusscs)22.1wasatwhathesaid.surpriseB.surprisingC.tosurpriseD.surprised)23.On1.yknowit.A.IandheB.heandyouC.hcandID.Iandyou)24.-Whatdidyoudoyesterday?-We1.1.,!ameetingandthenhaddinnerwithnyfriends.A.joinedB.attendedC.tookPartD.joinin)25.-Wow.Chinaissoamazing!-Ycah!Chinaisabigcountrya1.onghistory.A.withB.haveC.hasD.thereis