专题02 阅读理解(说明文)解析版.zip.docx

专题02阅读理解说明文PaSSagC1.【2024浙江杭州模拟狡测】Te1.evisionhastransformedpo1.iticsintheUnitedSta1.esbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,bya1.teringpo1.itica1.campaigns,andbychangingcitizen'spatternsofresponsetopo1.itics.BygivingcitizensindependentaccessIo(hecandidates,te1.evisionreducedthero1.eofthepo1.itica1.par1.yin(hese1.<xtionofthemajorpar1.ycandidates.Bycenteringpo1.iticsonthepersonofthecandidate,te1.evisionacce1.eratedthecitizensfocusoncharacterratherthanissues.Te1.evisionhasa1.teredtheformsofpo1.itica1.Connnunicaiionaswe1.1.Themessagesonwhichnos(ofusre1.yarcbrieferthan(heyoncewere.Thestumpspeech,apo1.itica1.speechgivenbytrave1.ingpo1.iticiansand1.asting1co2hours,whichwaspopu1.arintheninctcenth-ccntur).hasgivenwaytothe30-secondadvertisementandtheIOsecondfc,soundbite,inbroadcastnews.Increasing1.ytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthepo1.iticianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowi1.1.hearandseeashortvideoof(hespeechonthenews.Inthesesimp1.ifiedforms,muchofwhatcomprisedthetraditiona1.po1.itica1.speechofear1.ierageshasbeen1.ost.In)5or30seconds,aSPeakerCannO1.estab1.ish(hehistorica1.context(ha(ShaPedtheissueinquestion,canno(detai1.Ihcprobab1.ecausesoftheprob1.em,andcannotexaminea1.ternativeproposa1.stoarguethatoneispreferab1.etoothers.!nshortvideos,po1.iticiansassert(断方>butdonotargue.Becausete1.evisionisanin1.iratc(3ffj)medium,speakingthroughitrequiresachangedpo1.itica1.sty1.eIha1.ismoreconversationa1.,persona1.,andvisua1.(hanthatoftheo1.d-s1.y1.es1.umpspeech.Re1.ianceonte1.evisionmeansthatincreasing1.yurpo1.itia1.wor1.dcontainsIncinorab1.epicturesratherthanmemorab1.ewords.SChoOkteachusoana1.yzewordsandprint.However,inawor1.dinwhichpo1.iticsisincreasing1.yvisua1.,informedCi1.iZCnShiPrequiresanewSCIofski1.1.s.Recognizingthepowerofte1.evision'spictures,po1.iticianscraftte1.evisua1.,stagedeventsdesignedtoattractmediacoverage.MuchofthePo1.itiCmactivityweseeonte1.evisionnewshasbeencraftedbypo1.iticians,theirspeechwriters,undtheirpub1.icre1.ationsadvisersforte1.evisedconsumption.Soundbitesinnewsandanswerstoquestionsindebatesincreasing1.ysound1.ikeadvertiscnen1.s.1. Whatdoweknowaboutostumpspeech"inparagraph2?A. Ifsaneventcreatedbypo1.iticianstoattractmediaattention.B. 1.t,saninteractivediscussionbetweentwopo1.iticians.C. It,sakindofpo1.itica1.presentationtypica1.ofthenineteenthccntur),.D. It'sasty1.eofspeechcommontote1.evisedpohtca1.events.2. Itissuggestedinparagraph4(hat.A. po1.iticiansneedIoIeamtobecomemorepersona1.B. a<traciive)1.i1.iciansarefavoredbycitizensC. citizenstend(ofavorapo1.iticianwhoana1.yzedissuesD. citizensneedtoIcamhow1.oeva1.uatevisua1.po1.itica1.images3. Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A. Po1.itica1.presentationstodayarcmore1.ikeadvertisementsthaninthepast.B. Po1.iticians(OddytendIobemorefami1.iarwiththeviewsofcitizens(haninthepastC. Citizenstodayare1.essinformedaboutapo1.itician'scharacterthaninthepast.DPo1.iiica1.speechestodayfocusmoreondetai1.saboutissuesthanin(hepast.4. Vhat,sthebesttit1.etorthepassage?A.Te1.evision:anAgentofChangeinPo1.iticsB.te1.evision:aP1.atfomiforPo1.itica1.DebateC.te1.evision:anA1.ternativetoStumpSpeechD.Te1.evision:aNewMediumforCommunication【答案】I.C2.D3.A4.A【导语】这是谒说明文。文章主要说明了电视改变了政治的传播以及交流形式，如今的政治演讲比过去更像广告，知情公民萄要一套新的技能来应对。1 .细节理悌题，根据第二段，FICstumpspeech,apo1.itica1.speechgivenbytrave1.ingpo1.iticiansand1.asting1to2hours.WhiChwasPoPU1.arintheninctccnth-ccntur)'.hasgivenwaytothe3()-SeCondadvertisementandtheIOsecond'soundbite-inbroadcastnews.(19世纪流行的政治演说.即政治家在旅行中发表的持续I到2小时的政治演说，已经被30杪的广和10秒的广播新闻“由音片段''所取代可知，"政治演说”是一种典型的卜九世纪的政治表现.故选C”2 .推理判断施，根据第四段“Re1.ianceonte1.evisionmeansthatincreasing1.yourpo1.itica1.wor1.dcontainsmemorab1.epicurcsra1.1.crthanmemorab1.ewords.Schoo1.steachutoana1.yzewordsandprim.However,inawor1.dinwhichpo1.iticsisincreasing1.yvisua1.,informedcitizenshiprequiresanewsetofSkins对电视的依幢意味爸,我们的政治世界越来越多地充斥着令人难忘的丽而，而不是令人难忘的话谱.学校教我们分析文字和印刷品。然而,在一个政治日益可视化的世界里,如情的公民需要一套新的技Ift)”可推知,公民需要学习如何评价视觉政治形象,故选D,3 .推理判惭SS.根据最后,段“Muchofthepo1.iticaiactivityweseeonte1.evisionnewshasbeencraftedbypo1.iticians,theirspeechwriters,andtheirpub1.icre1.ationsadvisersforte1.evisedconsumption.SoundbitesinnewsandanswersIoquestionsindebatesincreasing1.ysound1.ikeatkertisements我们在电视新网中看到的许多政治活动都是由政治家.他们的演讲报稿人和他们的公共关系顾问精心策划的,以供电视消物。新闻中的插话和辩论中对问鹿的何答越来越像广告),可知，今天的政治演评比过去更像广告C故选A。4 .主旨大徵超。通读全文，并根据第KoTcIevisionhastransfo11ncdpo1.iticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,bya1.teringpo1.itica1.campaigns,andbychangingcitizen'spatternsofmspon4cWpo1.itics电视改变了信息传播的方式,改变/政治运动,改变公民对政治的反K模式.从而改变美国的政治广可知,文章主要说明了电视改变/政治的传播以及交流形式.如今的政治演讲比过去更像广告。A选项“电视：政治变革的推动并“最符合文章标题,故选A。P於SagC2.12024浙江物兴模拟预测】Ifyou'restudyingEng1.ishoranotherIbreign1.anguage,youmightbewondering.*,Howisthisgoingtohe1.pmeinmy1.ife?"Asitturnsout,studyingandthinkinginaforeign1.anguagehasitsownbenefits?Ina2012study.BoazKcysar.aprofessorattheUniversityofChicagointheUS.1.edanexperimentconcerningthere1.ationshipbetweentbrcgn1.anguagesandpeop1.e'swayofthinking.Intheexperiment,peop1.ewereaskedIomakeachoice:Takeagua11n1.eeofonepoundortakea50percun1.chanceofwinning2.50pounds.Whenpresentedwiththischoiceintheirnative1.anguage,nospeop1.etookthesafeoptionofon1.ygettingonepound.Buttheyweremorewi1.1.ingtoInakCchcriskierchoicewhenaskedinaforeign1.anguage,1.eadingtomoreprofitsovera1.1.InanotherstudypuMishcdthisyear.Keysarandhisteamdidancxperimeniinwhichparticipantsweregivenaseriesofre1.atedwords1.ike"dream",飞noozc(打DUrjtXXrand"rest".1.at5whenaskedwhichwordstheyrememberedhearing,peop1.eweremore1.ike1.ytomistaken1.yrememberfc*skq5*whichwasnotonthe1.ist,intheirnative1.anguage.B1.IIitwasmuch1.ess1.ike1.ytohappenif(heydidtheces(inaforeign1.anguage.ASKeysarexp1.ained,peop1.ehavemorecarefu1.thinkingwhenusingaforeign1.anguage,1.eading(omemorieswithgreateraccuracy.Theforeign1.anguageeffectmayevenstretchtoourrsona1.iy.Si1.viaPurpuriattheUniversityofTrento,Ita1.y,1.ookedatpeop1.eswi1.1.ingnesstofaceuncertaintyandenterunfami1.iarsituations.Beingto1.erantofUncer1.aintya1.1.owspeop1.etohavemorecrca1.iveideasandbemoreopentonewthings.I1.turnsoutthatpeop1.enatura1.1.yscoremorehigh1.yonthistraitwhentheycanspeakoruseaforeign1.anguagebecausespeakingaforeign1.anguagerequirestakingrisks.Theevidenceisc1.ear:By1.earningaforeign1.anguage,you'renotjust1.earninga1.anguagc-you,rcgaininganewstateofmind.5 .InKeysarsexperiment,whenmakingdecisionsinaIbreign1.anguage,peop1.etendIUbe.A.decisiveB.hopefu1.C.daringD.CarefU1.6 .Howdocsusingaforeign1.anguageaffectmcmor)accordingtoKcysar?A. Itimprovesmemonaccuracy.B. Itincreasesmcmorjreca1.1.speed.C. Itstrengthens1.ong-termmemory.D. Itrequiresrepea1.ednmriza1.in.7 .Wha1.isapotentia1.benefitofbeingopen(ouncertainty?A.Increasedcreativity.B.Greaterto1.erance.C.Better1.earningabi1.ity.D.Boostedadventurousspirit.8 .Whatdocsthetextmain1.yta1.kabout?A.Cha1.1.engesof1.earningaForeign1.anguage.B,Advantagesof1.earningaforeign1.anguage.C. Howfbrvign1.anguage1.earninginf1.uencesmemory.D. Howforeign1.anguage1.earningdeterminesone'sfuture.t答案】5.C6.A7.A8,B【导谙】本文是一篇说明文,实验研究表明外语学习对于人的有多种好处.5 .细书理解麴，由第二段中“Intheexperiment.peop1.ewereaskedtomakeachoice:Takeaguaranteeofonepoundortakea50percentCIK1.1.KXfwinning2.50pounds.Whenpresentedwith(hischoiceinIhcirnative1.anguage,mos1.peop1.e100kthesafeoptionofon1.yge1.1.ingOnepound.Bu1.Ihuyweren>rewi1.1.ing(omakeIheriskierchoicewhenaskedinaforeign1.anguage,1.eadingtomorepro1.sovera1.1.(在实验中，人们被要求锹出个选择：保证磅，或者有50%的机会赢得2.50%当用母语给出这个选择时,大多数人郎选择了只或到一硬的安全选择.但当被问及用外语做选择时，他们更愿想做出风险更大的选择,从而挑得更多的整体利润广可知,在KCysar的实验中.当阳外谱检决定时人们更愿意做出风险更大的选择,即人们做向于更大胆(daring).故选C项。6 .细节理帼Sih由第42,1.r,AsKcysarexp1.ained,peop1.ehavemorecarefu1.thinkingwhenusingaforeign1.anguage,1.eadingtomemorieswithgreateraccuracy.(BitKcysar所解作的，人们在使用外语时会“更仔细的思考.从而产生更准确的记忆厂可知,根据Kqsar的研究.使川外语能提席记忆的准确性，故选A项。7 .细节理涧题J由笫四段中“Beingto1.erantofuncertaintya1.1.owspeop1.etohavemorecreativeideasandbemoreopen【onewhings(容忍不确定性可以让人们行更多的创造性想法，对新事物更开放V可知，对不输定性持开放志度的潜在好处是它能增加创造力，故选A项，8 .主旨大道题，由第假Tfyou*restudyingEng1.ishoranotherforeign1.anguage,youmightbewondering.,Howisthisgoingcohe1.pmeinmy1.ife?*'Asitturnsout,studyingandthinkinginaforeign1.anguagehasitsownbcnchtsH如限你正在学习英语或其他外请你可能会想知道.“这对我的生活仃H么幅助？”事实讨明.川外语学习和思考有其自身的好处!和研究结果可知,文堂主要介绍了学习外谙的好处.故选B项.PiagC3.12024浙江扬兴模拟预测】Ju1.y2023wasthewor1.d'swarmestmonthonrecord,accordingtotheWor1.dMeteoro1.ogica1.Organization.UNSccrctarj'-Genera1.AnionioGutcncssaidinaspeechthatthep1.anetisenteringan"eraofg1.oba1.boi1.ing".HowIocoo1.thep1.anethas1.ongbeenatroub1.ingquestionforscientists.Theyarenowturning1.osun-b1.ockingtechno1.ogy,whichreferstorc1.1.cctingsun1.ightbackintospaceinordertokeepdownthetemperatureofthep1.anetsc1.imate.AccordingIoEuronews,aEuropeanIe1.evisionnewsnetwork.Oneideainvo1.vespumpingsun-b1.ockingpartic1.es(JirF)intotheupperatmosphere.Thepartic1.eswi1.1.thenstayintheairandredirectsunshinebackupwards.1(is1.ikeapp1.yingsunscreenon(heoutsideofEarth.ReseaivhersYa1.eUniversity.US.o1.1.inedap1.antouse125high-f1.yingp1.anestospreadthepartic1.esat1.atitudes(纬度)Of60degreesnorthandSo1.Hh.Thepartic1.eswi1.1.thentrave1.toward(hepo1.es,whichcou1.dpossib1.ycoo1.(hetemperature(hereby2"C.Anothervcrjpromisingtechniqueisca1.1.ed'fcc1.oudbrightening*',accordingtoChrisSacca,aUSchnatcexpert.Thismethodinvo1.vessendingseasa1.tpartic1.esin1.c1.oudsabovethesea.making(hemwhiterandthustheyref1.ectmoresun1.ightkickin1.ospace.InJune,theUSgovernn>entannouncedinarex)itthati(wasofferingsupportforso1.arengineeringresearchasaway(os1.owtheriseofg1.oba1.temperatures.Accordingtohcreport,theUSgovernmentbe1.ievesthat(betechno1.ogy,'otTcrsthepossibi1.ityofcoo1.ingthep1.anetsignificant1.yinatewyca11>,However,fo1.1.owingthereport,anopen1.etterbymorethan60scientistsca1.1.edforcautionandmoreresearchfirst.KrisienRasmussen,aCIinId1.escientista1.Co1.oradoSta1.eUniversity.US.hasbeenstudyinghowIhesun-b1.ockingmethodswi1.1.affectrainfa1.1.pa11cms.Shesaidthatapa11f'mmrainfa1.1.,ecosystemsandevenhumancommunitieswou1.da1.sobeatYcc<cd.,Wcneedtobeverycautiousonthis/Rasmussento1.dScientificAmerican.9.Wha1.doweknowaboutsun-b1.ockingpartic1.es,?A.Theycancatchandtakeinsun1.ight.B.Theyfunctionasap11)1.<xtivecoverforEarth.C.Theycanre1.easecoo1.airi11o(heatmosphere，D.TheyaremosteffectivewhenusedatIhepo1.es.10. WhatistheUSgovernment'sattitudetowardsun-b1.ockingtechno1.ogy?A.FavoraNc.B.Pessimistic.C.Objective.D.Dismissive.11. WhatisKnstcnRasmussen'smainconcernregardingSIm-b1.ockingmethods?A.Thcirpotentia1.impactonhumanhea1.th.B.hcirpracticabi1.ityinactua1.app1.ication.C.Theirhighcs1.and1.imitedeffectiveness.D.Theirfar-reachingnegativeconsequences.12. WhichisQhemOS1.suitab1.etit1.eforthetext?A.Coo1.ingOurP1.anetB.EraofG1.oba1.Boi1.ingC.PumpingB1.ockingPartic1.esD.TheTechniqueofC1.oudBrighteningt答案】9.B10.AI1.D12.A【导谱】本为是说明文文章主要介绍了应对全球变暧的方法使用篇阳技术,即将太阳光反射回太空以降低地球气候的温度。9 .细节理解题。根据第二段“AccordingtoEuroncws9aEuropeante1.evisionnewsnetwork,oneideainvo1.vespumpingSUn-b1.ockingpartic1.es(粒f)intotheupperatmosphere.Thepanic1.eswi1.1.thenstayintheairandredirectsunshinebackupwards.Itis1.ikeapp1.yingsunscreenontheoutsideofE1.irth.(据KX洲电业斯间网euro>ncws报道.其中一个想法是向高层大气中注入阻挡太阳的粒子.这些微粒符群留在空气中使阳光揖新向上反射.这就像在地球外面涂防晒斯样厂可知,阻挡太阳的村子足地球的保护层故选B，10 .推理判断题。根据倒数第;段“InJunevtheUSgovernmentannouncedinareportthatitwasofferingsupportforso1.arengineeringreseahasawaytos1.owtheriseofg1.oba1.IemPera1.UN$,/Vccordingto(hereport,theUSgovernmentbe1.ievesthat【he(Xhno1.ogy'4offers(bepossibi1.ityofCOOIing(hepkncSignificain1.yinafew566二(今年6月，美国政府在一份报告中也布.它将为太阳能工程研究提供支持.作为减獴全球气温上升的种方式.根据这份报告，美国政府认为这项技术“提供了在几年内显著冷却地球的可能性”r可推知.美国政府对阻挡太阳技术的态度是支持的。故选A.11 .细节珅解题：根据炭储一段"KrisienRasmussen,ac1.imatescientistatCo1.oradoStateUniversity.US.hasbeenstudyingbowthesesun-b1.ockingme1.h(1.swi1.1.af1.eetrainfa1.1.patterns.Shesaidthatapartfromrainfa1.1.,ecosystemsandevenhumancommunitieswou1.da1.sobeaftcctcd.mWcneedtobeverycautiousonthis/%RasmussenU>1.dScientificAmenCarU美国科罗拉,多阳立大学的气候木；学家KristenRusnnissen-H在研究这些阻挡阳光的方法料如何影响降雨模式。她说除了降雨,牛.态系统甚至人类社区也会受到影峋，、我们需要对此非常谨慎，”拉斯穆森告诉胃科学美国人为户可知KrMenR第mussen对防晒方法的主要担忧是其深远的负面影响。故选12 .主旨大意鹿。通读全文,并根据笫段'Howtocoo1.thep1.anethas1.ongbeenatroub1.ingquestionforscientists.Theyarcnowturningtosunb1.nckingtechno1.ogy,whichreferstoref1.ectingsun1.ightbackintospaceinordertokeepdownthetemperatureofthep1.anet,sCIi1.natC.(如何给地球降温H是困扰科学家的一个问也他们现在转向/太阳阻挡技术.这是指将阳光反射回太空.以降低地球气候的温度广可知,文章主要介绍/府对全球变吸的方法-使用这样技术,即将太阳光反射回太空以降低炖球气候的湿度。选项“给地球降温”最符合文承标题,故选A。Pa三gZ.【2024浙江绍兴一模】Haveyouever1.ostsomethinginahard-to-reachspace,1.ikebehindacouchoracupboard?Wou1.dn'titbenicetojustbeab1.etosqueezeinandout?Newinnovationsinthefie1.dofroboticswi1.1.soonbeab1.etomakethisniceideaintoarea1.ity.Inastudypub1.ishedonJan.25inthesciencejourna1.Matter,engineersfn>mTheChineseUniversityofHongKongandCarnegieMe1.1.onUniversityintheUShavedeve1.opedsma1.1.robotsIhaic«mquick1.ychangebackandforthfrom1.iquid(oso1.idstates.AccordingtothewebsiteMashab1.e,thescientistswereinspiredbyseaCUCUmbCni(海参).Ihcyareab1.etochangethestiffnessoftheirbodyorreducethepotentia1.forphysica1.damage,hcrobotsinthestudyweremadefromga1.1.ium,asoftnwta1.witha1.ownehingpointof30*C.Thescientiststhenusedchangesinthemagne1.icfie1.dtohand1.ethemagneticpartic1.es(粒子)inside(hega1.1.iummateria1.(oprovideheat.Thishe<thena1.1.owed(herobotstochangebetweenso1.idand1.iquids1.atesaswe1.1.astomoveand.A$(hewebsiteTechXP1.Qbpointedou(.o<hersimi1.armateria1.srequireexterna1.heatsourcessuchashea1.gunsande1.ectrica1.currentstobringachangeofstates;bunow,therobotscanuseahea1.sourceinsideitse1.ftochangestatesindependent1.y.Duringtherobots*cxpcnmcnta1.t11a1.s,thescientistsconductedanumberoftests.hcsctestsinc1.udedhavingther>bo<sme1.tinto1.iquidandrefr11toescapeaprison-1.ikecage.Itcanre11H>veaforeignobjectfromandde1.iverndicin1.drugstoamode1.stomach.Therobotisa1.soab1.etobui1.dandrepairhard-to-rcachcircuits.Therobots'abi1.itytoswitchbetweenstatesofmattera1.1.owsforanumberofpossib1.eusesandadvancementsindif1.'crcntfie1.ds,suchasthebiomedica1.andcircuitassemb1.yindustries.Sd1.1.inthewordsofseniorauthorCarme1.MajidiatCamegieMe1.1.onUniversity,fornowthesearea1.1.jus("proofsofconcept*whichshowtheabi1.itiesofthesenewkindsofrobots.13. Whatcanwe1.earnabout(hesma1.1.robots?A. TheywereproducedbyBritishscientists.B. ThCycamefrominspirationofseacucumbers.C. ThCycanhe1.pPeOPICsqueezeinandoutfree1.y.D. Theyweremadefn>manew1.yinventedmateria).14. Howdidscientistschange(hes(a(eoftherobots?A. Byemp1.oyingaheatsource.B. Byusinge1.ectrica1.currents.C. Bycontro1.1.ingthemagneticpartic1.es.D. Bybui1.dinghard-to-rcachcircuits.15. WhatcanbeinferredabouttherobotsfromMajidiswords?A. Thcirabi1.itiesareoverstated.B. Theyhavegtamarketx)entia1.C. Proofisneededtounderstandtheconcept.D. Itwi1.1.taketimefor(hemtobewide1.yused.16. Whatmightbethebesttit1.eofthepassage?A. OngoingCha1.1.enges1.heNewRobo1.sFiKXB. AmazingFeatures(heNewR