专题02 阅读理解(说明文)（解析版）.docx

专题02阅读理解:说明文PaSSaRe1.1202,江苏Jfe城模拟1】'1.,hcma1.ewesterntanager(唐纳很)100kS1.ikea1.itt1.ef1.ame,whi1.efema1.esarc1.essshowy,adustyye1.1.ow.In(hespring,theypreparetoInOVCthousandsofmi1.estotheMountainWestofCentra1.America,f1.yingthroughgrass1.ands,deserts,andoccasiona1.1.y,suburbanyards.Tbfue1.Ihernon(heir1.engthyjourney,westernIandgCnifi1.1.uponinsectsandberries.Butasg1.oba1.c1.imatechangecausesspringtostartear1.ier,birdssuchaswesterntanagersarcarrivinga1.theirdestinationafterwhat'sknownast'grcen-up,whenf1.owersbeginb1.oomingandinsectsemerge.According(oastudypub1.ishedinear1.yMarchinthejourna1.PNAS.thiskindoftimingmismatchbetweenmigrants(It移动物)andtheirfoodsources,whichishappeningacrossNorthAmerica,cou1.dhaveseriousconsequencesformigratorybirds'surviva1.MIndiscussingc1.imatechange,weoftenfocusonwanning,*saysScott1.oss,aco-authorofthestudy.fceButthe1.engthandtimingofseasons-1.ikewhenwinterendsandsp11ngbeginsaresomeof(hemostdramaticeffectsofc1.imatechange/*1.ossandhisco1.1.eaguesusedsa1.e1.1.i1.eimagen/from2002Io2021Ioca1.cu1.atetheaveragestartofspringgreen-upa1.ongthetypica1.migrationroutesof150NonhAmeriCanbirdspecies,thencomad(hat1.imingWiIhtheCUrrCntgiven-up.Theyfoundthatspringisindeedbeginningear1.iera1.ongbirds'migrationroutes.oBycontrarj.previousstudieshavemain1.yfocusedonsongbirdsinEasternNorthAmerica；'saysMorganTing1.ey,anornitho1.ogistatUC1.AJbutthisnewinvestigationshowsthatbirdspeciesintheWestandatdifferent1.eve1.softhefoodwebInigh1.bejustasvu1.nerab1.e(i5Sfft),'“Pur1.ofitisknowingwhichspeciesarevu1.nerab1.etovariousthreats/*1.osssays."Thisaddstotheknow1.edgeaboutv1.nerabi1.ityofawiderangeofbirdspecies.*Andhehopesthattheinformationwi1.1.servetohigh1.ighttheurgentneedto1.owergreenhouse-gasemissionsasfastaspossib1.e.oItsrea1.1.yimportant,ifwecan'taddressc1.imatechangeimmediate1.y,totrytostophabitat1.ossasmuchaswecan.”1. Wha1.mayposeadir<xtthreattowesternUinagcrsYurvivaI?A.G1.oba1.wanning.B.Thedurationofchangingseasons.C.1.ossofhabitatsdue(ohunanactivities.D.Decreasedaccesstofoodsduringmigration.2. Whatisuniqueabout(henewstudyonbirds1.ikewesterntanagers?A.Itcoversawi(tergeographicrange.B.Itrevea1.sthedec1.ineinbirdpopu1.ationsC.Itcentersontheadaptationofbirdspecies.D.Itensurestheexistenceofatimingmismatch.3.Whatdocs1.osssuggestwedotosafeguardmigratorybirds?A.1.essentheeffectsofc1.imatechange.C.Addressemissionsandhabitat1.oss.4.Whereis1.hetextInOSI1.ikdyfrom?A.Ascientificjourna1.C.Awebsiteaboutc1.imatechange.B.PrcscncecosystemsIbrbirdspecies.D.Expandresearvhesonthreatstobirds.B.Abixi-wa(chingguidebook.D.Amagazineaboutwi1.d1.ifeconscraion.t答案】1.D2.A3.C4.A【导谱】这是篇说明文.文章从唐纳雀入手.分析北荚迁移鸟类面临的挑战及其原因.最后提出建议，希望尽快被少温室气体的排放，尽可能地阻止栖思地的丧失。I.推理判断题。由第:段中的“Tofue1.themontheir1.engthyjourney,westerntanagersti1.1.uponinsectsandberries.Butasg1.oba1.c1.imatechangecausesspring（o$unear1.ierbirdssuchaswesterntanagersarearrivingattheirdestinationafterwhatsknownasogrccn-up,whenf1.owersbeginb1.oomingandinsectsemerge.Accordingtoastudypub1.ishedinear1.yMarchinthejourna1.PNAS.thiskindoftimingmismatchbetweenmigrants（迁移动物）andtheirfoodsources,whichishappeningMrVMiNorthAmerica,cou1.dhaveseriousconsequencesfornigru（orybi心'survNN（为在:漫长的旅途中补充能见,西方送纳雀以昆虫和浆果为食.但跖着全球气候变化导致春天提前到来像,唐纳雀这样的鸟类在所谓的“返W”之后才到达目的地，这时花朵开始爱放，昆虫开始出现。根据3月初发表在，美国科学院院刊3上的项研究，这种迁移动物和它In的食物来源之间的时间不西配,正在北美各地发生，可能会对候鸟的生存产生?EHi后果。厂可知,随着全球气候变化导致春季提的开始，唐纳德花迂徙期间狭得食物的机会减少.故选DjftC2. 推理列Ib跑Jh第殳中的“Bycontrary,previousstudieshavemain1.yFbcusvdonsongbirdsinEasternNorthAmerica/'saysMorgan11ng1.c）,anornitho1.ogistatUC1.*butthisnewinvestigationshowsthatbirdspeciesintheWestanda（different1.eve1.softhefoodWebmighbejustasvu1.nerab1.e（脆弱的）Ct相反.以前的研究主要集中在北美东部的鸣禽上加州大学洛杉矶分校的鸟类学MQ噂mTMgIey说,”做这项新的调杳表明，西例和食物M不同层次的鸟类物种可能同行脆弱。T可知，先前的研究的是北关东第的叼离.这项美像西部施纳很这样的鸟类的新研究的独特之处在于它序盖了更广泛的地理范围.不仅关注东北美地区的鸣禽，也包括西部及食物进不同层缎上的鸟类”故选A项.3. 细W理胆起，Ih最后一段"Andhehopesthattheinformationwi1.1.servetohigh1.ighttheurgentneedto1.owergr<xnhousc-gasemissionsasfastaspossib1.e,*1.t*srea1.1.yimportant,ifWCcan*taddressc1.imatechangeimmediate1.y,totrytostophabitat1.ossasmuchasWCCan(他希里这些信息4有助于强网尽快降低温型'1.体排放的迫切需要,如果我们不能立即解决气候变化问胭那么尽我们所能见止栖息地的丧失是集裕屯要的,”可知,作者期望能够尽快减少温室气体的排放,尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失.故选C项Q4. 推理判断题。通读全文尤其是由第:段中的，bTbfue1.themontheir1.engthyjourney,westernIanagcnifi1.1.uponinsectsZmdbemes.Butasg1.oba1.c1.imatechangecausesspring1.s(*r1.ear1.ier,birdssuchaswesternIanagersarearrivingtheirdestinationafterwha(,sknownas*tgvenu'whenowersbeginb1.oomingandinsectsemerge.According<oaS1.IKIypub1.ishedinear1.yMiirchin(hejourna1.PN.S.(hiskindof(iningmismatchbetweenmigrants(迁移动物)and<hcirfbodsources,whichishappeningacrossNorthAmerica,cou1.dhaveseriousconsequencestormigratorybirds,SUrVwa1.(为f在漫长的旅途中补充能Ik西方唐纳布以昆虫和浆果为食但随着全球气候变化导致春天提前到来.像唐纳雀这样的鸟类在所谓的''返青”之后才的达目的地.这时花朵开始绽放，昆虫开始出现。根据3月初发表在美国科学院院刊上的一项研究，这种迁移动勃和它们的食物来源之间的时间不匹泥，正在北美各博发生，可能会对候鸟的生存产生严R后果：户可知，本文介绍的是SCoU1.oSS关于鸟类迁移的一项科学研究,且引用了美国科学院院刊的话,所以最可能来源于科研杂志故选A项.PaSMi“2.12024江苏南京模拟覆*】1.astycar1averaged9370stepsaday.Mysmartphonecounted.Mydai1.yaim?Tenthousandsteps.Becausegoa1.s.Ye1.Iheconceptoftaking10.(KX)StePSadaytonain1.ainhea1.thisro1.ednotinsciencebutinmarketing.Inthe1960s.aJapaiwsccompanyinventedanear1.ypedometer(计步器).BecausetheJapanesecharac<crfor010.000"1.ooks1.ikeapersonwa1.kingsIhecompanyca1.1.editsdevicethe10.000-sten>eter.oItWaSjUSisortofacatchyphrase,"saysI-Min1.ee,ascientistatHanardMedica1.Schoo1.In2019.1.xcpub1.ishedastudyinvestigatingtheactua1.effectsofmeetingthe1.().O()O-stcpgoa1.,hcresu1.t?Somemovementisgood,andmoreisbetter,butthebenefitsdec1.ineatsomepoint.Yburpersona!peakdependsonyourage.Peop1.eyoungerthan60shou1.dindeedwa1.k8.0001.10.000StCPSadaytoge1.thebestbenefitsintermsOf1.ifespan(¾iff).Peop1.eo1.derthan60show(benosbenefitbetween6.000and8.000steps.ThCdi11erenceisenergyconsumption.oWebasica1.1.yre1.ateenetyconsumptiontohea1.thOUIComeSJ1.eesays.Wa1.kingfor60minutesat3.3mi1.esanhourandRinningfor30minutesat6mi1.esanhourusethesameamountofenergy.oThco1.deryouarc.the1.essefficientyouarcwithyourstq>s'1.eesays,“Perstep,o1.derpeop1.eusemoreenergy/,Thus,theyneedfewerstepstoachievethesamebenefits.Newers(1.iesarcmovingbeyonddeathratestoaskquestionsabu1.thewaystepsmayhe1.pIocontro1.b1.o<1.prcssurcandweight.Thegoa1.,aftera1.1.,isnotjustto1.ive1.ongerbutto1.ivehea1.thier.Fu1.resu1.tsarenotinyet,so1.ee'sadviceis:4TaiIoryourstepsaccordingtowhatyouarctryingtoachieveandaccordingtowhoyouarc.,5. Theconceptoftaking10.000SIePSdai1.yarisesfrom.A.（hefindingsofSCienIif1.CsurveysB.（hefomutionofaJapaneSecharacterC.amarketingcrickD.ahea1.thyhabit6. Whatdocs1.eesresearchfind?A. Wa1.kingsteptargetsVarywithage.B. Wa1.kingmoremakesone100kyounger.C. O1.dpeop1.ebencfi1.moref11>mwa1.king1.onger.D. Reaching10,000seepsdai1.yappea1.stomany.7. Wha1.isparagraph4main1.yabout?A. Thedifferenceinenergyconsumptionamongagegroups.B. ThCcontrastbetweenthebenefitsofwa1.kingandrunning.C. ''hcreasonforsettingdifferentstepgoa1.sbasedonage.D. The1.inkbetweenenergyconsumptionandhea1.thoutcomes.8. Wha1.wi1.1.newerstudiesfocuson?A.Howstepschangeonc1.ifesty1.e.B.Howstepsaf1.cctonc,s1.ifespan.C.Howstepsreducedeathrates.D.Howseepsboosthco1.（hy1.iving.【答案】5.C6.A7.C8.D1导谱】本文是篇说明文.文堂主要介绍了每天走100Oo步以保挣健康的概念并非源于科学.而是源干Vftfji哈用医学院的科学家I-Min1.ee的研究发现，不同年龄段的最佳步行步数不同，步行时健康的益处与能M消M行关。新的研究开始探讨步行如何用助控洌血压和体啦.5 .细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yettheconceptoftaking10,000stepsadaytomaintainhea1.thisrootednotinsciencebutinmriccting.'<ttf1.0,每天走100a）步来保持健康的微念并非源于科学,而是源于营销.）可知,每天走100oo步的格.含实际上是一个酉俏策略.故选C.6 .细齿理解例,根据第三段;IiPeCPkyoungert1.1160shu1.dindeedwa1.k8.000（o10.000Mepsudaytgc<thebestbenefitsintermsof1.ifespan（寿命）.Peop1.eo1.derthan60showthemostbenefitbetween6,000and8,000steps；-(60岁以下的人确实应该每天走80到100Uo步，以扶得寿命方面的最佳效宓60岁以上的人走60到XOUO步之间效益最大Q可知，1.eC的研究发现，不同年龄段的步行目标步数不同.故选A,7.En大意题“根据第四段"ThedifferenceisenergyCUnSUnIp(沁n.“Webasica1.1.yrv1.a1.eenergyconsumptiontohea1.1.houtcomes/'1.eesays.Wa1.kingfor60minutesat3.3mi1.esanhourandrunningfor30minutesat6mi1.esanhouruse1.hcsameamountofenergy.fc*Theo1.deryouarc.the1.essefficientyouarvwithyoursteps.*1.eeSayS."Perstep,o1.derpeop1.eusemoreenergy.''Thus,theyneedfewerstepstoachievethesamebenefits.''(差别在能源消人,我们脸本上把能源消札与健聚结果联系起来，''李说。以好小时3.3英里的速度步行60分钟和以每小时6英里的速度跑步30分钟消耗的能量相同你年纪越大,你走路的效率就越低.李说每走步，老年人消耗更多的能盘,因此,他们倦要更少的步数来实现相同的好处)可知.文中解释了为什么不同年龄段的步行目标步数不同,原因是能Ift消耗的差异,随着年底的增长.人们步行时的能盘效率降低.因此老年人需要更少的步数就能达到相同的健做效益。所以,第四段主要解择了基年龄设定不同布行目标的原因。故选C。8. 细节理解Js1.根据最后¾,tXcwcrstudiesarcmovingbeyonddeathratestoaskquestionsaboutthewaystepsmayhe1.ptocontro1.b1.oodpressureandweight.册的研究不9局限于死1：礼而是开始探讨步数如何有助于控制m压和体里)可知，最新的研究将关注步数如何促进健康生活，包括控制血W和体小,故选1.xPaSjiage3,1202411苏盐城梗Over30.000metabo1.icandbariatricsurgeries(MBS)wereconductedinChina1.astyear,ref1.ectingbothincreasedpub1.icawarenessandtgrowingObeSi1.yepidemic,accordingIoDr.WangBing,achiefsurgeonatShanghaiNo9Peop1.e'sHospita1.HisIeam.pioneersinweight-1.osssurgerysince2008.nowperforms:proxinuue1.y300surgeriesannua1.1.y,upfromadozeninitia1.1.y.Patientsoftenpresentwithcomorbidi(iessuchashighb1.oodpressure,diabetes,ands1.eepapnea,conditionsexacerbatedbyobesity.MBS,whichshrinksthestomachandsometimesreroutesdigestion,isdeemedthemostcfi'cctivc1.ong-termweightmanagementSo1.Ution.rare1.y1.eadingtore1.apse.WangnotesthatAsianstypica1.1.yexhibitabdomina1.obesity,characterizedbyexcessviscera1.fa1.ax>>tcauseofmetabo1.icdisorders.ComparedtoJapanandSouthKorea.China'sQbeii1.yra1.eisnotab1.yhigher.Poshsurgery.patientsoftenexperienceIransfomutivehorn>na1.changesandimprovedbrainsigna1.ing,contributingtosignificantme<abo1.icimprovements.MBSisrecommendedforindividua1.swithaB(xiyMassIndex(BMI)over32.5,orover27.5withtwometabo1.icdiseases.Women,despiteconstituting30%oftheobesepopu1.ation,comprise70%ofpatients,high1.ightinggenderdifferencesinhea1.th-seekingbehavior.Despiteitse11ec1.iveness.MBSremainsunderuti1.ized,withOf1.1.yafractionofe1.igib1.epatientsop(ingfortheprocedure.Obesity,recognizedasadiseasebytheWHOsince1948,affectsoverha1.t*ofChina'spopu1.ation,near1.ydoub1.ingsince2(X)2.A1.arming1.y,20%ofminorsaged6-17and10%UndCr6arcoverweightorobese,attributedto1.ifesty1.echangesanddic1.arywesternization.A1.ather-sonduofromShanghai,whounderwentMBSamonthago.cxemp1.i1.ythesurgery'sbenefits,reportingsigniIkantweight1.oss,improveds1.eepqua1.ity,andreducedsymptomsofs1.eepapnea,highbk1.pressure,diabetes,andcardiachyper1.n.>phy.Theirongoingrecover),ImderScorestheimportanceofcontinuednonitoringformetabo1.icdisorderindicators.9. Whatistheprimarreasontortheincreaseinmetabo1.icandbariatricsurgeries(MBS)inChina,accordingtoDr.WangBing?A.ThCdec1.ineintraditiona1.ChinesemedicinepracticesB,Theriseinobesityra1.esandgrca1.crpub1.icawarenessofMBSC.Theavai1.abi1.ityofnewsica1.techno1.ogiesD.Increasedfundingforhcakhcarcfaci1.ities10. Whichofthefo1.1.owingconditionsisNOTcommon1.yas5iociaccdwithpaticmsseekingMBSinChina?A. Highb1.oodpressureB. DiabetesC. S1.eepapneaD. As1.hnui11. According<o(heartic1.e,whatisadis1.inuivefeatureofobesityinAsians,particu1.ar1.yinChina*COmParedootherethnicgups?A. Asianstendtohave1.essbodyfatbu(moremusc1.emass.B. Asiansprimari1.yexperienceObCSityintheformofabdomina1.obesity,characterizedbyexcessviscera1.fat.C. Asiansare1.ess1.ike1.ytosurfromobcsity-rck1.eddiseases.D. Asiansshowa1.owerBodyMassIndex(BMI>forthesame1.eve1.ofobesity.12. WhyisMBSconsideredUnderU1.i1.iZedinChina,despiteitseffeuiveness?1 .BecauseIbemajorityof(hepopu1.ationxefersa1.ternativemedicine8 .Becauseofthehighcostof(heprocedure9 .Becauseon1.yasma1.1.percentageofe1.igib1.epatientsoptforthesurgcrj10 Becausethereisa1.ackofqua1.iHcdSU喀constoperformtheProCCdUrC【导语】这是篇说明文,E要介绍了上海第九人民医院主任外科医生王兵表示,去年中国进行了3万多例代谢和减肥手术(MBS)这反映/公众恚识的提高和肥胖流行病的U益严取.他的团队自2008年以来一在是战肥手术的先耶.，现在每年进行大约300次手术而最初只有12次。11 细节坤解密，根据第段中PWr30,000metabo1.icandbariatricsurgeries(MBS)wereconductedinChina1.astyear,ref1.ectingbo<hinetvasedpub1.icawarenessndagrowingobesityepidemic,accordingtoDr.WangBing,achiefsurgeonatShanghaiNo9Peop1.e'sHospita1.His【cam.pioneersinweight-1.ossserysince2008.nowperformsapp11)ximatc1.y3(X)surgc11csannua1.1.y;upfromadozeninitia1.1.y.*'<上海第九人民医院上任外科医生王兵表示去年中国进行3万多例代谢和减把手术仆IBS),这反映公众意识的提高和肥胖流行病的H益严重.他的团队门2008年以来直是减肥手术的先驱现在短年进行大约300次手术,而最初只有12次)可知,E兵医牛.认为，中国代谢和俄肥手术(MBS)增加的主要原因是肥胖率的上升和公众对MBS的更大认识。故选B项。12 .细节理解题，根据第段中"PaticmsoftenpresentwithComorbiditicssuchashighb1.oodpressure,diabetes,ands1.eepapnea.conditionsexacerbatedbyobesity."(i1.fiV11fn,>M如高向压、糖尿病和睡眠呼吸科停，肥胖加班了这段疾病.)可知，寻求MBS的患者和哮哪这情况没有关联.故选D项.13 .细节理科题.根据第1J¾IpfcVangnotesthatASiiinStypica1.1.yexhibitabdomina1.obesity,characterizedbyexcessviscera1.fat.arootcauseofmetabo1.icdisorders.*(F指出亚洲人通常表现为腹部肥胖.其特征是内脆脆肪过多，这是代谢索乱的根本原因。)可知,根据文奉,与其他民族相比，亚洲人尤其是中国人.肥胖的个显著特征是亚洲人的肥胖主要表现为腹部肥胖，其特征是内脏脂Iw过多。故选B项，14 .细节理解Xfi.极掘最后段IIiDeSPi1.CitsCiTcctivcncss,MBSremainsunde11i1ized,withon1.yafractionofe1.igib1.epatientsoptingfortheprocedure；,(尽管它很力'效.但MBS仍未得到充分利用只有小部分符合条件的患者选择了该手术)可知尽管MBS很有效,但在中国被认为未得到充分利用是因为只有小部分符合条件的病人选择手术故选C项.Pw削4,【2024江芳南通三模】YorkMinstcrTheBestCathedra1.inEng1.andCommon1.yknownasYorkMins(en(heCathedra1.andMetx>1.iica1.ChurchofSaintPeierinYorkisoneofthefiwso1.d-fashionedbui1.dingsinEuropea1.wascomp1.etedin1472.Inadditiontodai1.yservices,therearcmanyfeaturestodiscover.YorkMinsterhasoneofEuropesbiggestco1.1.ectionsofstainedg1.asji,with128windowsmadeFromapproximate1.y2mi1.1.ionindividua1.piecesofstainedg1.ass.Intheinteractiveundergroundchambers,youcandiscover1.he2.000-year-o1.dhistoryofYorkMins1.er.Inthegroundsoutside(heMinster,(heO1.dPa1.acehousesfamoushistorica1.treasures,co1.1.ectionsanda1.ibrarj.ForthebestviewinYork,c1.imb(heTowerforasp1.endidviewofthesurroundingYorkshireCOUmrySide.A1.1.yearroundtherearcspecia1.events,inc1.udingperformancesbytheYorkMinsterChoinOPENINGTIMF1.SMontoSa1.:9:30am4:00pmSun:12:45Pm2:15pmTICKETINFORMATIONMINSTERON1.YMINSTERANDCENTRA1.TOWER/Vdu1.VSenion£18Chi1.d(17andunder)*:freewithapayingadu1.t*Uptofourchi1.drenwithonepayingadu1.tAdU1.t/Se所or:£24Chi1.d(8-17):£6Ibc1.imbthetowcryoumustbeaged84Itcosts£30.000adaytorunYorkMinsterandyouradmissionfeedirect1.ysupportsthefutureof(heca1.hedra1.WeneverChargeforPeoPIetoe11er<heCa1.hedra1.(oPrayJigh1.acand1.eorattendasen,ice.BOOKINGAsaworkingchurch,wedoneedc1.osefromIi1.nCtotimeatshortnoticesowestrong1.yrecommendbookinginadvancesowecankeepyouinformedofanychangesinopeningtimes.Formoreinformationortobook,p1.easecontactourteamusingthedetai1.sbe1.oworcomp1.eteourcnquinform.T:019(M557275E:bookingsyorkminster.org13. WhatcanvisitorsdoinYorkMinster?A.StayintheO1.dPa1.ace.B.Exp1.oreitsrichhistory.C.Makewindowsfromstainedg1.ass.D.C1.imbtheTower(owatchperformances.14. Whatthechargeforacoup1.ewith(heirsix-year-o1.d(winsvisitingMinsteron1.y?A.£24.B.£36.C.£42.D.£48.15. WhatdoweknowaboutYorkMinster?A.Ittakesonamodemsty1.e.B.Itbansc1.imbingofthe1.ower.C.Itmayhavetemporaryc1.osures.D.Itch