导学案6-情态动词和虚拟语气.docx

导学案6情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词Section1相识情态动词情态动词是-种本身有酹定的词义，但要与动词原形或其被动语态一起运用，给谓语动词增加情态色调，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的看法和看法，认为其可能、应当或必要，情态动词后面加动词原形或完成时表示相应的含义Section2常考情态动询的关使用法（I）Can可以（表示允许）2.能，会，可以（表示仃实力），联系beab1.eto/becapab1.eofIfitwerenotforthefactthatshecan'tsing,Iwou1.dinvitehertotheparty.3,能够，可以（表示某事物的特点）1.ucki1.y,ironcanbereworkedandmistakesdon'thavetobethrownaway4 .有可能;有时会（表推想，语气较弱）Pctcrcanberea1.1.ydi1.cu1.ttogeta1.ongwithattimeseventhoughhe'sanicepersoningenera1.5 .不能，无法（用于否定句，表示状况不允许）Icannotchoosebuttogo.6 .特别句型，再.也不为过（也可以用CanneVeHhard1.y.100mUCh）Icannotthankyouenough,andithasbeenawonderfu1.day.7 .可能（Can可用于否定句/疑问句中表揣测canhavedone表示对过去的揣测揣测）-Canhehavebeenchosenascaptainofthefootba1.1.team?Yes.hemusthave.注：在以上用法中，我们尤其要留意的是247Couk1.1 .能;会（表示发生在过去的实力，是Can的过去式）Fornyreturnjourney,Ife1.1.Icou1.daffordtheextraandtrave1.firstc1.ass2 .-用在疑问句中表示征求对方看法（委婉的语气用CoUk1,回答时用Can）Cou1.d1havea1.ook?-Ofcourseyoucan.3 .可能（表示某事可能底实或可能发生，对招来或者现在发生事情的确定揣测）Animprovementin1.ivingstandardscou1.dbeyearsaway4 .用于与你语气，表示对过去的推想或假设Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfe1.tthathecou1.dhaveexpresseditdifferent1.y.（3） May1 .有可能，或许（表推想Somepeop1.ewhodon't1.iketota1.kmucharenotnecessari1.yshy；theymayjustbequietpeop1.e.2 .祝:但愿MayGtx1.b1.essyou!（4） Might.可不行以,能否（用于礼貌地打断别人.提出问题.做H1.恳求或引出接下来要说的话）IwaswonderingifImightaskyouafavor?2 .可能（表不是很有把握的揣测，语气比may弱）3 .虚拟语气，表示假设过推想，语气若Ito1.dyourfriendhowtogettothehote1.,butperhapsImighthavedrivenherthere.此处，mighihavedone表虚拟语气，意为“过去除本可能/可以做到的事而未做（5）Wi1.1.1 .将（表示将来，等于begoingto.1.>etodo.beabouttodo.sha1.1./shou1.ddo）The1.owtestscore,Iheythink,wi1.1.makeitimpossib1.efort1.>entogetintoagoodco1.1.ege.2 .情愿Hewi1.1.becomehersenioradviserherdeputy,ifyouwi1.1.3,表必定性Manwi1.1.diewithoutair.（6）Wou1.d1 .将，将会（表示推断或看法）Johnpromisedhisdoctorhewou1.dnotsmoke,andhehasneversmokedeversince2 .表示意愿Shewou1.dn,tchangeiteventhoughsheknewiwaswrong.Sha1.1.I.表将来用No.1人称Wc/Isha1.1.ca1.1.youbackthisafternoon.2.sha1.1.用在疑问句中，且主语为No.1.No.3人称，表示征求对方看法一HasMr.TornWhitearrived?一Yes,a1.ready.Sha1.1.hewaitoutsideorjustcomein?3sha1.1.用在陈述句中，且主语为No2No3人称时，表示承诺、吩咐、警告、决心或规定Theysha1.1.notbea1.1.owedinafter11p.m.（8）shou1.d/oughtto1 .应当;应当（表推想）IthinkI,I1.giveBobaring.Youshou1.d.Youhaven'tbeenintouchwithhimforages.2 .应当，必需（表示给出指示或公布官方吩咐）Margaretshou1.dnotstayathomea1.1.day1.onginfrontoftheTV.3 .应当，可能（表示预期或可能性）Thereshou1.dnotbeany<1.i1.cu1.tyabouiparsingtheroad1.estsinceyouhavepractiseda1.ot4 .籽要，假定要（用在虚拟条件从句中表示事务发生的可能性）Ifyoushou1.dbefired,yourhea1.thandpensionbenefitswi1.1.notbeautomatica1.1.ycutoff5 .应当（用在某些动词、名词之后Iha1.引导的虚拟语气从句中）Iinsistedthatweshou1.dhavea1.ookatCvCrycar6 .shou1.dhavedone与shou1.dnothavedone注：OUghtto与shou1.d的用法区分如下1 .一般说来，两者可杵换，只是。UghttO语气稍重。如：Yououghttohou1.dgoandseeMary.你应当去看看玛丽.2 .表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观状况而“应当”做某事时,般应用oughtto,若用sh<>uk1.则强调个人看法、主观看法。如：WcoughttogoandseeMarytomorrow,butIdon'tthinkwewi1.1.明天我们按理应当去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们去不了。（此句不宜用ShoU1.d）.3 .在公告、须知或条例中,出于礼貌，常用shou1.d.如：Youshou1.dnotruna1.ongsidetheswimming-poo1.不准在游泳池边奔胞（9） Must/haveto1）两词都是'必需'的意思，haveto表示客观的须要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。Mybrotherwasveryi1.1.,soIhadtoca1.1.thedoctorinthemidd1.eofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上须要做这件事）HesaidthattheymustWorkhard.他说他们必需努力工作.（主观上要做这件事）2）haveto有人称.数.时态的改变，而must只有一种形式。但mus1.可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。Hehadto1.ookafterhissisteryesterday.3）在否定结构中：don'thaveto表示"不必"mustn't友示"禁止"，Youdon'thavetote1.1.himaboutit.你不确定要把此事告知他。Youmustn,tte1.1.himaboutit.你确定不要把这件事告知他。（10） Need/dareI.必嘤（need作为情态动词只用于否定句和疑问句中,needn'thavedone表示过去本不必做的事却做了）-Catherine.1havec1.eanedtheroomforyou.Thanks.Youneedn'thavedoneit.Icou1.dmanagei（myse1.f.2.可能,或许:想必，我想【固定搭配】1dareSayyouareBritishbutyousti1.1.needapassporttoproveit.3.敢（dare作为情态动词只用于否定句和疑问句中）Thegovernmentdarenotraiseinterestratesagain.【解析】1.needMare作情态动词无人称或数的改变，后接动词原形，多用丁否定句和疑问句中，但Idaresay例外。2.need作为行为动词有人称和数的改变，后面可接名词、代词、动名诃及带1。的动词不定式：可用于确定句、疑问句和否定句中。3darc用作实义动词，其后可带动词不定式，否定句中也可带省I。不定式，且有人称和数以刚好态的改变“Section3情态动词重点用法小结I.表示推想（可能性）词形含义must必定.必定/shou1.d按说应当/oughtto按说应当/can/不行能有可能吗？cou1.d微弱的可能不行能语气比Can弱may或许，或许，可能不/might比may还弱比maynot还弱所以：表示确定推想时语气强弱为：Must>shou1.dought>can>cou1.d>may>might对现在或者将来可能发生事情的揣测的结构为：情态动词+V（原形）对过去可能发生事情的揣测的结构为：情态动词+havedone例如:Hemay/might/must/shou1.dbeonhiswayhomenow.（现在）Ididnothearthephone.Imusthavebeenas1.eep.（过去）2.情态动词+havedone除表示正常推想之外，还引申出了其他含义短语含义musthavedone（过去）想必/准是，确定做了cou1.dhavedone过去本可以做而未做can'Ucou1.dn'thavedone过去不行能做rnaynight<not)havedone（过去）本可以做到而没做到”shou1.d>'oughttohavedone（过去）本该做某事,而事实上未做shou1.dnot/oughtnottohavedone（过去）本不该做某事，而事实上做了needn'thavedone（过去）本不必做某事而做rhadbetter(not)havedone（过去）最好（没）做了wou1.drather(not)havedone宁愿（过去）（没）做了wou1.d1.ikc/1.ovc<not)tohavedone（过去）木（不）准备做但未做成Section4情态动询解Je技巧关键词：一情，二境，三时（1）仔细审题，结合所绐出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气.情感.看法.观点等。（2）仔细思索所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案.（3）要留意把握时间概念。情态动词经典考题1. mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohni11findthemoney.A.canB.mightC.wou1.dD.need2. I1.ienew1.awstatesthatpeop1.edriveafterdrinkinga1.coho1.A.wou1.dn'tB.needn'tC.won'tD.mustn't3. Sorry.Iamtbusynow.IfItime.Iwou1.dcertain1.ygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had4. Wc1.astnight,butwcwenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.shou1.dhavestudiedD.wou1.dstudy虚拟语气Section1相很虚拟语，虚拟语气又叫其次条件句，是相对了第一条件句而言，所谓第一条件句指的是主句的发生以从句为条件，叫常见的引导词有if.un1.ess.OnCe等，多符合主将从现原则，而其次条件句，虚拟语气，多指一种假设，或酉美妙的愿望，按虚拟时间划分，可分为三类，对过去状况的假设，对现在状况的假设，为将来状况的假设。练习：推断卜.列句子类型1. IfWespenda1.1.ofourtimep1.ayinggames,wewi1.1.fai1.theexams.2. Studyhardandyouwi1.1.SuCCCCdsooneror1.ater.3. If1.wereyou.1wou1.d1.istentohisadvice.4. Ifyouhadfo1.1.owedmyadvicejustnow,youwou1.dbebe1.ternow.6.Ii1.shou1.draintomorrow.WCwou1.dnotgoc1.imbingSection2W语气用法详解一、条件句中的虚拟语气1 .条件句中虚拟语气的形式（主从符合条件句，有从句有主句，可以相互作为推断依据）从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不行能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不行能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气依据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间从句谓谙形式主句谓谱形式过去had动诃过去分诃IrOUId/shou1d三ightcou1dhavedone现在动诃过去式（be用were）wou1d/shou1d/mightcou1ddo将来动词过去式(be用were)shou1.d+dowereto+动词原形wou1.d/shou1.d/might/cou1.d÷do2 .条件句中的虚拟语气的举例Ifheshou1.dgotoQingHuaUniversity,hemakefu1.1.useofhistime.Ifheweretocomehere,hewou1.dte1.1.usaboutit.Ifhcfree,hewou1.dhe1.pus.Ifhe(study)atthisschoo1.,hewou1.dknowyouwe1.1.If1.(see)thefi1.m,Iwou1.dhaveto1.dyouaboutitIfIhadgotthereear1.ier.Iwou1.dhavemetMr.1.i.3 .运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须密意的几个问题(I)当从句的主语为第三人称单数时,消语动词若是系动词be时，可用WaS代咨were»但在倒装虚拟结构及ifIwereyou.asitwere1.t1.只能用were。如：WereItenyearsyounger.Iwou1.dstudyabroad.要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。If1.wereyou,Iwou1.dtrymybesttogra叩thechance.要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。(2)有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区分对待，这种状况叫做混合虚拟语气。例如：If(eybadinformedus,wewou1.dnotcomeherenow.Ifhcwerefreetoday,wewou1.dhavesenthimtoBeijing.Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswou1.dbegrowingmuchbetter.Ifhchadbeenworkinghard,hewou1.dbeworkingin1.hcofficenow.(3)当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,shou1.d,had时，if可省略，而将were,shou1.d,had等词置于句背如:Shou1.dheagreetogothere,wewou1.dsendhimthere.Wereshehere,shewou1.dagreewithus.Hadhe1.earntaboutcomputers,wewou1.dhavehiredhimtoworkhere.(4)有时，句子没有干脆给出假设状况的条件，而须通过上卜.文或其他方式来推断。如：Iwou1.dhaveCOmCtOseeyou.butIWaStOObusy.我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。Butforhishe1.p,wewou1.dbeworkingnow.要不是他的优助，我们还会在工作呢。Withoutyourinstrction,Iwou1.dnothavemadesuchgreatPrOgreSS.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。(5)有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的个，来表示说话人的种剧烈的感情。省略从句Hewou1.dhavefinishedit.他本该完成了。Youcou1.dhavepassedthisCXam.你应当会通过这次考试了。省略主句IfIuereathomenow.要是我现在在家里该多好啊“Ifon1.yIhadgotit.要是我得到它了该多好啊。二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气在forfearthat,incase.Iest（以防,万一）引导的目的状语从句中,若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：shou1.d+动词原形，并且ShOU1.d不能省略Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathiefshou1.dCOmCin.在sothat,inorderthat所弓导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can/may/cou1.d/might/wi1.1./wou1.d/shou1.d+动词原形。如：Hcgoesc1.osertothespeakersothathecanhearhimc1.crcr.2 .让步状语从句中的虚拟语气（1）在CVCnif,eventhough所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Evenifhewereherehimse1.f,heshou1.dnotknowwhattodo.3 .英语中，wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不行能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为与主从亚合句中从句的谓语动词样例如：Iwishshewerenotmarried.我真希望她没结婚。iwishthebuswenttotheUniVer*iiy.我希望公共汽车能通到高校“IwishIhadn'twastedsomuchmoney,但愿我没奢侈这么多钱"留意，从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与WiSh的时态无关。比较：IwishIwererich.耍是我现在有钱就好.IwishIhadbeenrich.要是那时我有钱就好了。4 .英语中，wou1.drather,hadrather,wou1.dsooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种建望，故运用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：过去：had+过去分词：现在：过去时（be用were）将来：过去时（be用were）例如：Iwou1.dratheryouhadseenthefi1.myesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。1wou1.dratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你现在在这儿。Wcwou1.dra1.hcryouwentheretomorrow.我么倒想你明天去那儿。5 .主语从句中的虚拟语气在表达惊异、惋惜、缺憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常运用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为：ShOUkI+动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。(1) Itisadmirab1.eIdreadfu1./extaordinarj'/oddiremarkab1.e/sad!advisab1.e/annoying/disappoining/SiUrPriSing/upsetting/frightening/better/best/curious!desirab1.e/important/strange/pecu1.iar/proper/necessary/natura1.that.(2) Itisapity/ashame/nowonder.that.(3) Itissuggested/requested/desirediproposed/.that.(4) Itworriesmethat.例如：Itisimportantthatweshou1.ddowe1.1.inour1.essonsfinit.ItisstrangethatheShOUIdnotcome.Itisapitythatweshou1.dnotmeet1.astnight.ItworriesmethatWeshou1.dbeb1.amedforthat.6 .表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气英语中，表示恳求、要求、吩咐、建议等名词advice,desire,decision,idea,instruction,order,p1.an,propOSa1,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从表面上看及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气：(ShOUk1)+动词原形。如：Wefo1.1.owedhisadvice(hatweshou1.daskourteacherforhe1.p.Heto1.dushisideathatheshou1.dgotouniversity.Hissuggestionisthatweshou1.ddoourworkmorecarefu1.1.y.六、定语从句中的虚拟语气英语中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：Itis(high/aboui)1.imethat+主语+动词的过去式/shou1.d+动词原形。如:Itistimethat1wenttopickupmydaughteratsch1.七、简洁句中的虚拟语气1 .说话时，为了表示客气、虚心、委婉而有礼貌，言语常运用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：wou1.d/cou1.d/might/shou1.d+原形动词.如：Wou1.dyoumindmyshuttingthedoor?我把门关起来你介意吗？Youshou1.da1.ways1.earnthis1.essonbyheart.2 .表示“祝福”时，常用“may+主语+动词原形+其他”如：Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你一路顺风。Mayyouryouth1.astforever!祝你青春永驻。3 .表示剧烈的“熄望”、“祝福”时，常用动词原形。如:1.ong1.ivetheCommunistPartyofChina.(3)提出劝说或建议.如：You,dbe1.teraskyourfatherfirst.你最好先问一问你的父亲。Youshou1.dmakeafu1.1.investigationofitfirst.你应当先全面调查番。练习：3.1 on1.yhequiet1.yasthedoctorinstructed,hewou1.dnotsuffersomuchnow.A.1.iesB.1.ayC.had1.ainD.shou1.d1.ie2.Youdidnot1.etmedrive.Ifweinturn,yousotiredA.drove;didn'tgetB.drove;wou1.dn'tgetC.weredriving；wou1.dn'tgetD.haddriven;wou1.dn'thavegot3.1 wasi1.1.thatday,OuIerWiSeIthesportsmeetA.wou1.dhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wou1.dtakepartin4.itraintomorrow,wewou1.dhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridgeA.WereB.Shou1.dC.Wou1.dD.Wi1.1.5.1 suggestedthepersontobeputintoprisonA.refersB.referringC.referret1.D.refer6. Whenapenci1.ispart1.yinag1.assofwater,it1.ooksasifitA.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7. hard,hewou1.dhavepassedtheexamA.IfhcweretoworkB.HadheworkedC.Shou1.dheworkD.Werehetowork8. Hadyou1.istenedtothedoctor,youa1.1.rightnowA.areB.wereC.wou1.dbeD.wou1.dhavebeen9.1 didnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewou1.dhavemetmybrotherA.hasCo1.neB.didcomeC.comeD.hadcome10. Ifitforthesnow,wethemountainyesterdayA.werenot.cou1.dhavec1.imbB.werenot.cou1.dc1.imbC.hadnotbeen,cou1.dhavec1.imbedD.hadn'tbeen,cou1.dc1.imb11. Withoute1.ectricity,human1.ifequitedifficu1.tICK1.ayA.isB.wi1.1.beC.wou1.dhavebeenD.wou1.dbe12. Itwasrequestedthatthep1.ayagainA.shou1.dputonB.wou1.dputonC.beputonD.puton13. Butforwater,itimpossib1.eto1.iveintheearthA.isB.wou1.dbeC.wereD.wou1.dn'tbe14. Thekind-heartedcoup1.etreattheorphanver>,we1.1.asthoughhetheirownsonA.isB.wereC.hadbeenD.shou1.dbe15. Itishightimethatweameetingtodiscussthisprob1.emA.ho1.dB.he1.dC.havehek1.D.hadhe1.d16. IwishthatyousuchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyouwou1.dhaveenjoyedtheconcertA.hadnotB.didnothavehadC.hadn,thadD.hadn'thave17. Itisstrangethathebacksoear1.yA.cameBeC.hadcomeD.shou1.dhavecome18. Mysuggestionis(hatthemeetingoffti1.1.nestSundayA.beputB.pu1.C.shou1.dputD.hadbeenput19. Uewasta1.kingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhethereA.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.been20. Theteacherdemandedthattheexambeforee1.even.mustfinishB.wou1.dbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished21.1 didnotattendtheIix1.urcbyPro.Jackson.IbutIa1.1.thismorningA.wou1.d,havewashedB.cou1.d,havebeenwashingC.wou1.dhave,havebeenwashingD.cou1.dhave,hadwashing22. KeyEuropeangovernmentsinsistIraq'sco-opc11iiongoodandmi1.itaryactiontoa1.1.owinspectionstocontinueA.be,bede1.ayedB.is,de1.ayC.shou1.dbe,bede1.ayedD.i$,bede1.ayed23. Whatthecustonwrsfromthecompanyisthatthegds.righttotheirhomes.A.requested,de1.iverB.demand,bede1.iveredC.request,shou1.dde1.iverD.demand,de1.ivered24. Asyouknow,Iamadisab1.edman,butIwou1.dbehappyifIofservicetoyouA.amB.havebeenC.shou1.dbeD.wou1.dbe25. Yousuchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfo1.1.owedhisadvice.A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmakeC.shou1.dn,thavemadeD.mightnothavemade