A Communicative and Stylistic StudyOf Business Letters.docx

AComttunicativeandSty1.isticStudyOfBusiness1.ettersContentsAbstractii内容提要iii1. BusinessCommunication1.1 ConceptofBusinessCommunication11.2 ProcessofCommunicationI1.3 BasicFormsofCommunicationinBusiness.3.1Ora1.Communication5.3.2WrittenCommunication6.3.3Non-VcrbaICommunication8Goa1.sofBusinessCommunication9.4.1ReceiverUnderstanding9.4.2ReceiverResponse1O.4.3Favorab1.eRe1.ationshipII.4.4Organizationa1.Goodwi1.1.IIBusinessCommunicacionPrincip1.esI2.5.1C1.earness13.5.2ConcisenessI7.5.3CorrectnessI8.5.4Concretencss20.5.5Courtesy2I.5.6Consideration24.5.7Comp1.eteness252. AnOverviewofBusiness1.etters2.1 DefinitionofBusiness1.etters282.2 Ro1.esofBusiness1.etters283. Sty1.isticFeaturesofBusiness1.e1.ters3.1 Genera1.ViewsonSty1.e423.2 Genera1.Sty1.isticFeaturesofBusiness1.etters433.3 1.exica1.Features433.3.1 HeavyUseofFami1.iarWords433.3.2 ExtensiveUseofAbbreviations453.3.3 E1.iminationofBusinessC1.ichds483.3.4 EconomyofWords5i3.3.5 PreferenceforPositiveWordstoNegativeWords533.3.6 AvoidanceofScxistWording543.3.7 UseofConcretera<herthanAbstractWords563.4 Syntactica1.Features573.4.1 VariationinSentence1.ength573.4.2 USCoftheActiveVoice583.4.3 UseofPara1.Ie1.Structures603.4.4 UseofDependentC1.auses613.4.5 AvoidanceofMisp1.acedModificrs633.4.6 AYOidanCeofDang1.ingModifiers633.5 Paragraphica1.Features643.5.iParagraph1.ength653.5.2 ParagraphUnity653.5.3 ParagraphCoherence663.5.4 ParagraphingoftheBodyofBusiness1.etters66Conc1.usion68Bib1.iography69Acknow1.edgementsIwou1.d1.iketogivespecia1.thankstonysupervisorProfessorZhangChunhongtoriscontinuousguidancefromthepreparationtothecomp1.etionofIhiSthesis.ProfessorZhangdevotedmuchofhisprecioustimescrutinizingmythesischapterafterchapter.Withouthishe1.p.Icou1.dnothaveachievedanythingdesirab1.e.Ia1.sowou1.d1.iketoshowmydeepgratitudefora1.1.thefacu1.tymembersinSIFTS1.anguageSch1.whoseexce1.1.entscho1.arshiphasmadenytwoandha1.fyearsofstudyanunforgettab1.eexperienceinny1.ife.Mysincerethanksa1.sogotonyroomma1.esandfriends,whoarea1.waysreadytooffermetheirenthusiasticassistanceandencouragement.Fina1.1.y.Iwishtothankmyparents,fora1.waysbeingc1.osetome.standingbyme.givingmestrengthandmotivation,andsomuchmore.AbstractWiththeimpetusofeconomicg1.oba1.ization,internationa1.tradeiswitnessingrapidprogress.Wor1.deconomicsarcbecomingincreasing1.yin1.crconncctcdandinternationa1.tradeisno1.ongerama1.tcrofbi1.atera1.economicactivitybetweencountries.Business1.etters,anactive1.yoperativemeansofcommunicationusedinoverwhe1.mingnumbers,areacknow1.edgedasanindispensab1.epartofinternationa1.businessevermorepopu1.ar1.yeveninhisageofe1.ectroniccommunication.Thewriterofthisdissertationtargets''business1.etters',asthemaintopic,hopingtoexp1.orethissubject,whichissofarunder-studiedyetdeservesgreaterresearchingefforts,fromabusinesscommunicationperspective,withparticu1.aremphasisontheirsty1.isticfeatures.Thisthesisconsistsofthreechapters.InChapterI.thewriterexpoundsthebasictheoriesonbusinesscommunication,inc1.udingitsconcept,process,goa1.s,basicformsandprincip1.es.ChapterIIisdevotedtotheessentia1.softhebusiness1.etter,coveringitsdefinition,parts,categorization,ro1.esandformat,topreparethegroundforthedetai1.edana1.ysisinthefo1.1.owingchapter.ChapterHIpresentsacomprehensivesty1.isticana1.ysisi1.1.ustratedandsupportedbya1.aborious1.y-se1.ectednumberofexamp1.es.Thischapterprobesintonoton1.ythegenera1.features,buta1.sothe1.exica1.,syntacticandparagraphica1.featuresofbusiness1.etters.Keywords:BusinessCommunication,Business1.etters,Sty1.e内容提要随后全球经济一体化进程的推动，国际商务向前迅疾发展，企业之间相互联系与沟通的机会越来越多，国除贸易越来越超向多边化。全球经济一体化期待两务沟通无障碍。商务书信作为商务沟通的一种方式，越来越成为商务活动中不可缺少的一部分。由此，本文选定“商务书信”作为研究对象，分析了其构成、作用等，井着点从商务沟通及文体角度分析其特点，使商务书信话言更加有效地传递信息以达到有效沟通的目的。本文分三章。第一章分析了商务沟通的基本理论，也括商务沟通的祝念、过程、基本彩式、目标及其准则。第二章介绍了商务信函的定义、构成、分类、作用等理论知识，为下一章具体分析其文体特点做了铺垫。第三章是本文论述史点。本章结合大量例子对商务书信的大体特点进行全面细致的分析，包括其文体的基本特点、词法特点、句法特点及段落特点。关键词：商务沟通商务书信文体ChapterIBusinessCommunication1.1ConceptofBusinessCommunicationA1.thoughbusinessCoininunicaiionhasitsspecificapp1.ication,differingtoacertaindegreefromotherfo11nsofcommunication,itdoessharesomethingincommonwithcommunicationingenera1.Inordertohaveabetterunderstandingofbusinesscommunication,wemust,firstofa1.1.,makecertainteconceptsofbusinessandcommunication.Businessistheactivityconductedbyorganizationsofpaidpeop1.eworkingtogethertoproduceandmarketgoodsandservicesforprofit.Communicationi$theprocessofexchanginginformationandmeaningbetweenoramongindividua1.sthroughwritten,ora1.,andnonverba1.messages.Sobusinesscommunicationcanbedefinedasaprocessoftransmittingmeaningsthroughwritten,ora1.,andnonverba1.messageswithinOrbetween/amongorganizationsofpaidPeoP1.eworkingtogethertoproduceandmarketgoodsandservicesforprofit.11,11.2ProcessofCommunicationCommunicationisusua1.1.ydescribedasaf1.owofmessages,throughachanne1.,betweenasenderandareceiver,whichcanbebrokenintosixphrases:sender'sidea,messageCnCOding,messagetransmission,messagereceipt,messagedecoding,andreceiver,sfeedback,asFigure1.i2121i1.1.ustrates:Figure1.1ThecommunicationprocessPhaseSenderh；Phase3SendertransmitsPha*2IcrencodesmessageCHANNE1.ANDMEDIUMPhase5RcccivcrdecodcsReceiversendsfeedbackPhaseReceiverPhase6messageSender'sideaTheprocessofcommunicationbeginswhenthesenderthepersonwithwhomthemessageoriginateshasanidea.heformoftheideawi1.1.beinf1.uencedbycomp1.exfactorssurroundingthesender:mood,frameofreference,background,cu1.ture,andphysica1.makeup,aswe1.1.asthecontextofthesituationandmanyotherfactors.EncodingThenextstepinthecommunicationprocessinvo1.vesencoding,convertingtheideaintowordsorgesturesthatwi1.1.conveymeaning.Thisprocessa1.soencompassesse1.ectingandorganizingthecontentofthemessage.Thesender,sprimaryobjectiveistoencodethenwssageinsuchawaythatthenwssagereceivedisasc1.oseaspossib1.etothemessagesent.Know1.edgeofthereceiver'seducationa1.1.eve1.,experience,viewpoints,andotherinformationaidsthesenderinencodingthemessage.Iftheinfo11na1.ionaboutthereceiverisunavai1.ab1.e,thesendercanpu1.himse1.forhcrsc1.finthereceiver'spositiontogainafair1.yaccurateinsightforencodingthemessage.ObviousbreakdownsinthecommunicationPrOCeSSattheencodingstageoccurifthesenderuses,wordsnotpresentinthereceiver'svocabu1.ary.,ambiguous,nonspecificideasthatdistortthemessage.,nonverba1.signa1.sthatcontradicttheverba1.message.Channe1.sformessagetransmissionToincreasetheIikeIihOod(hatthereceiverwi1.1.understandthemessage,thesendershou1.dcarefu1.1.yse1.ectanappropriatechanne1.Tmunicationchanne1.s. Two-way.face-to-face:Informa1.conversations,interviews,ora1.reports,speeches,andte1.econferences. Two-way,not-face-to-face:Te1.ephoneconversationsandinter-companyannouncements. One-way.not-face-to-face:Writtendocumentssuchas1.etters,memos,reports,andpressre1.easessenttraditiona1.1.yore1.ectronica1.1.y(e1.ectronicmai1.fax.voice-mai1.).Channe1.se1.ectionisofgreatimportancebecauseaninappropriatechanne1.cancausethemessagetobemisunders100dandcanadverse1.yaffecthumanre1.ationswiththereceiver.Forexamp1.e,foraverycomp1.exsubject,asendermightbeginwithawrittendocumentandfo1.1.owupwithafacc-to-faccdiscussionafterthereceiverhashadtheopportunitytostudythedocument.Writtendocumentsarcrequiredwhen1.ega1.mattersarcinvo1.vedandwrittenrecordsmustberetained.Aface-to-faccmeetingisamoreappropriatechanne1.forsendingsensitive,unp1.easantmessages.MessagereceivedForcommunicationtooccur,thereceivermustfirstgetIhCmessage.Ifihcsendersendsa1.etter,thereceiverhas1.oreaditbeforeunderstandingit.Dec<x1.mgThedestinationofthemessagei$thereceiver,whosetaski$tointerpretthesender'smessagewithas1.itt1.edistortionaspojisib1.e.TheProeeSSofinteretingthemessageisreferredtoasdecoding.Obviousbreakdownsincommunicationoccuratthisstageinthefo1.1.owingcircumstances:,Thereceiverisintimidatedbythepositionorauthorityofthesender.T1.iistensionmaypreventthereceiverfromconcentratingon(hemessageeffective1.yenoughtounderstanditc1.ear1.y. hereceiverisunwi1.1.ingtoattempttounderstandthemessagebecausethetopicisperceivedtobetoodifficu1.ttounderstand.,ThereceiverisUnreceptivetonewanddifferentideas,thatis,stereotypica1.visionsandprejudicesprevent(hereceiverfromviewingthemessagewithanopenmind.Receiver'sfeedbackAfterdecodingthemessage,thereceiverrespondsinsomewayandsigna1.sthatresponsetothesender.Thisfeedbackenab1.esthesendertoeva1.uatetheef1.'ectivenessofhisorhermessage:Ifthereceiverdoesn'tunderstandt1.emeaningofthemessage,thesendercante1.1.bytheresponse,andmakecorrespondingc1.arification.1.3BasicFormsofCommunicationinBusinessBusinesscommunicationbasica1.1.yinc1.udesthreeforms"”:,munication,writtencommunication,non-munication1.3.1 Ora1.CommunicationOmunicationreferstoconversationsinwhichthespokenwordisthemajorCodCforcommunication.Cmunicationarcte1.ephone,face-to-faceconversation,video,te1.evision,radio,andSOUndovertheInternet.Omunicationisanimportantfo11nofcommunicationinbusiness.Henrj1Mintzberg,oneofthewor1.d,sIbrernos1.businessstrategists,discoveredfromhisresearchthatmanagersspendbetween50andtM)percentoftheirtin>eta1.king.OmunicationhasmanyadvantagesoverotherformsofConununication.Theinayadvantageisthatthroughconversation,orquestionsandanswers,)eop1.ecanreceiveimmediatefeedbackandgaugeiftheyarebeingunderstood.Theycana1.soascertainwhethertheyareunderstandingothers'messages.Inaddition,municationisface-to-face,PeOP1.ecankeyinonSyn1.bO1.iCandnon-municationssuchasfacia1.expressionsandNxiy1.anguage,whichenab1.es(entomakeajudgmentaboutwhetherornottheyshou1.d1.>e1.ievewhattheyhear.Omunicationhasdisadvantages,though.Precise1.ybecauseta1.kingissoeasy,whetheritisface-to-faceorthroughte1.ephone,peop1.eoftendonotthinkenoughabouttheirmessagebeforede1.iveringit.'fcThcyputtheirmouthinmotionbeforetheirbrainisingear''isacommonexpressionre1.atedtothepropensitytospeakwithoutthinking.Theresu1.tisthatspeakerssometimesgiveawaymorethantheyintend,orsaythingsthatthey1.aterregret.Thesendermightnotconsidercarefu1.1.yenoughwhatmeaningparticu1.arwordsmighthaveforthereceiver,whichmayresu1.tinmisunderstandings.Tmunicationprocess,1.Wordscanbespokenbutunheard,te1.ephone1.inesormobi1.econnectionscanbeintermittentinqua1.ityandvoicetransmissionisnotperfect.Thespeakermight1.eaveoutsomeimportantdetai1.soransweraquerywithouthavingenoughtimetodeterminethebestresponse.Thereceivermighta1.soforgetorevenintentiona1.1.yfbrgc1.someofthemessagecontent.Imunicationthereisnopcr11wncntrecord,sobothpartiestotheConvcrsa1.ionhavetore1.yonmemory.Fina1.1.y,a1.thoughmostofusarcre1.ative1.ycomfortab1.espeakingwithourfriendsorevenone-to-onewithstrangers,mostpeop1.egetnervousiftheyhavetospeakto1.argegroupsevenifthosegroupsaremadeupoffami1.yandfriendsratherthanstrangers.Thestressofgivinganora1.presentationcannegative1.yaffectthequa1.ityandreceptionofthemessage.13.2 WrittenCommunication,hemajortypesofbusinesswritingusedincommunicationinc1.udebusiness1.exers,businessreports,memos,e-mai1.,andfaxes.Businesscorrespondenceentai1.sawritingprocess,i.e.anopportunityforde1.iberation.Onetendstothinkmoreaboutthemessagecontentwhenwritingthanwhenspeaking.Thisispart1.ybecause,oncewritten,thecommunicationi$ae11nanentrecord.Genera1.1.ymoretimeisSPentpreparinga1.etter.ITiesendergatherstheinformationforthe1.etterinanorganizedwayandthencandraftandre-draftthe1.ettertogetthewordingjustright.Simi1.ar1.y,thereceivercanspendtimedigestingtheinformation,re-readitandrefertoitasmanytimesasnecessary.Whenthemessagehasimportantdetai1.soritneedstobecarefu1.1.yconsideredbythereceiver,themessagegenera1.1.ytakestheformofwrittencorrespondence.Ofcourse,writtencommunicationhasitsdisadvantages.Writingtakestime.Theprocessofwritinga1.etterisanaptexamp1.e.The1.ettermightbedictated,thentyped,mai1.ed,de1.iveredtotheappropriateperson,openedand.fina1.1.y,read.E-mai1.isconsiderab1.yfaster,butittootakesmoretimethanta1.king.Writtenfeedbackfromthesender'smessagecan.therefore,takeminutes,orsevera1.daysifitissentbyordinarymai1.Besides,writtencommunicationism<>rcdifTic1.tinthatitinvo1.vessomekindoftechno1.ogy(evenifon1.ypenandpaper)fortransmission,WherCaSmunicationisfreeofthesedisadvantages.Onthewho1.e,however,writingencouragesde1.iberationandprecisionindiction.Theauthorbearsmuchresponsibi1.ityinthewritingprocessinordertopreventdistortionandmisunderstanding.T1.iewriten1.anguagecanbedetache<1.fromthewriters,enab1.ingthemto1.ookUPontheirutteranceobjective1.yandgivingthemtheopportunitytocorreciandimprovewhathasbeenputonpaper.Themostimportantfeatureofwrittencommunicationisthatitmakesa1.ega1.1.yva1.idrecord.Itsadvantagesare:(1) Ithaspermanence.Traditiona1.1.y,writingisregardedasmorepe11nanentthanothermediaandiscustomari1.yusedwhenrecordisrequiredoronewantsacommunicationthatisavai1.ab1.eforreferenceovera1.ongperiod.(2) ItavoidsthenecessityforPerSona1.contact.Thismaybedesirab1.eincertainde1.icatesituations.(3) Itissuitab1.eforconveying1.ongandcomp1.exmessagesthatneedtobestudiedinsomedetai1.Theobviousexamp1.eisaseriesofdetai1.edinstructions.(4) Itispotentia1.1.ymoreforma1.thanothermediaandcancarryaddedweightandauthority.(5) Itisaconvenientwayofreachinga1.argenumberofpeop1.e.Mostbusinesscommunicationishe1.dinwrittenform.Forexamp1.e,1.ettersmustbewrittentocustomers,sa1.espeop1.e,agents,supp1.iers,bankers,shippingcompanies,andmanyotherpeop1.econcerned.Hcncc.theneedforefficiencyinwritingbusiness1.ettersisessentia1.andindispensab1.eininternationa1.trade.Thisthesiswi1.1.focusononeformofwrittenbusinesscommunicationbusiness1.etters.13.3 Non-Verba1.CommunicationAmunicationisanc1.c11wniarj,formofCOmmUnieation,ittendstobeUndCr-appreciatedbythosenottrainedinbusinesscommunication.Yet,non-municationis.Non-municationreferstoa1.1.intendedandunintendedmeaningsthatarenotintheformofwrittenorspokenwords.T1.ieyinc1.udesuchthingsasfacia1.expressions,eyecontact,gestures,c1.othingandpersona1.appearance,distance,persona1.space,au1.toneofvoice.Non-Vmunicationdiffersfundamenta1.1.yfromotherformsofcommunication.Foronething,it's1.essstructured,soit,smoredi1.Ticu1.ttostudy.Peop1.ecantpickupabookonnonverba1.1.anguageandmasterthevocabu1.aryofgestures,expressions,andinf1.ectionsthatarecommonincu1.ture.Evenexpertsdon'trea1.1.yknowhowpeop1.e1.earnnonverba1.behavior.Nooneteachesababytocryorsmi1.e,yetheseformsofse1.f-expressionarea1.mostuniversa1.Omunication,suchasthemeaningofco1.orsandcertaingestures,varyfromcu1.ture(ocu1.ture.1.4Goa1.sofBusinessCommunicationASeffectivebusinesscommunicationinvo1.vesboththesenderandthereceiver,thefourbasicgoa1.sofbusine