气象、地质、地震施工技术.docx

1-5气象、地质、地震1-5-1气象1-5-1-1风级表风级表见表I-89.,风级表表I-89风力名称海岸及陆地面征象标准相当风速<ms)风级概况陆地海岸0无风楙，烟直上0-0.21软风烟能表示方向，但风向标不能转动渔船不动0.3-1.52轻风人而感觉有风.树叶做响，寻常的风向标转动渔船某机时,可随风移动1.6-133微风树叶及微枝摇动不思，族旗展开渔船渐觉簸动3.7.44和风能吹起地面灰尘和纸某，树的小枝擢动油船满帆时，倾于一方557.95消风小树推挖水面起波8.0-10.76强风大树枝推动，电线呼呼有声，举伞有困难渔船加倍缩帆，痛鱼须注意危险10.8-13.87疾风大国摇动,迎风步行感觉不使渔船停息港中.去海外的下锚13.9-17.18大风树枝折断，迎风行走感觉阻力很大近港海船均停刷不出17.2-20.79烈风烟囱及平房屋顶受到损坏(烟囱项部及平顶蛭动)汽船械行困玳20.8-24.4IO狂风脸上少见,可拔树同屋汽船肮行颇危险24.5-28.411称风陆上很少见.有则必受重大损毁汽船遇之板危险28.5-32.612网风陆上绝少,其摧毁力板大海浪滔天32.6以上1-5-1-2降雨等级降雨等级见表1-90»降雨等级表1-90降雨等级现象描述降雨玳范IN(mm)一天内总业半天内总诉小雨雨能使地面潮湿，但不泥泞1-10O.2-5.O中PH雨降到屋顶上有浙浙声,凹地积水10-255.1-15大幅降雨如做盆，落地四溅，平地枳水25-5015.1-30般雨降雨比大雨还猛，能造成山洪暴发50-10030.1-70大暴雨降雨比蛙雨还大，或时间长，造成洪涝灾害100-20()70.1-140特大臻雨降雨比大冬雨还大能造成洪涝灾害>2(X)>1401-5-1-3我国主要成市气象多效我国主要成市气象参数见表I-9I。我国主要成市气象参数表1-91地名海拉(m)大气庆力hPa(mbr)堇外计算相对(%)室外风速(m*)年平均air(V)日平均JH度+SC的起止HIW(月、H)ffSf1.E(t)高谡度(V)最大冰土深度(ctn)冬季夏季Jt”月月平埼最热月月平均平均平均北京31.21020.4998.645782.81.911.411.9-3.17-27.440.685天津3.31004.81004.853783.12.612.211.16-3.17-22.939.769承德375.2962.8962.846721.41.18.911.2-3.2«-23.341.5126张家11723.9924.4924.443673.62.47.810.283.31-25.740.91%WiU25.91002.21002.252792.62.3IE1.11.8-3.24-21.939.673石家库80.5995.6995.6S2751.81.512.911.17-3.13-26.542.7M大同1066.7888.6888.650663.03.46.510.25-4.5-29.137.71弘大Wi777.9919.2919.251，一60262.19.51.1.23.2525.539.477运城376.0962.8962.8572.63.4B.611.2-3.4-18.942.743峰拉尔612.893S.5935.578712.63.2-2.110.15.148.536.7242饵林相持989.5895.6895.671623.43.21.710.9-4.16-42.4我3289二连浩特964.7898.1898.166493.93.93.410.11-1.12-40.239.9337办嶂571.1940.9940.9446S2.42.16.810.27-4.4-31.442.5201哼和浩XI1063.0889.4R89.456641.61.55.810.20-4.-32.837.3143沈阳41.61020.8100().764783.12.97.811.3-4.3-30.638.3148谛州65.9117.6W.45080'"一"1113.93.89.011.5-5.31-24.741.8113丹东IS.11023.71005.358563.82.58.5116-4.5-M.034.388大连92.81013.8缈4.758835.84.310.211.18-3.29-21.!35.393吉林183.41001.3W.772793.02.54.410.2004.12-40.236.6190长春236.8994.0977.068784.23.13.54.91O.224.13-%.S38.0169日平164.21004.1986.368782.9S.910.27-4.6-S4.636.61X8碰占176.81000.3986.560MO2.92.35.01O.224.13-32.737.6200通化402.9914.5960.772HO1.31.74.910.22-4.12-36.635.5133w165.81000.3985.872793.63.2-0.410.5-4.21-44.537.7298伊春231.3992.0978.675782.12.20.410.6-4.20-43.135.1290齐齐吩尔145.91004.6987.771732.83.23.210.14-4.17-39.540.122581.21011.0996.071783.43.02.910.16-4.16-41.135.4220哈尔浜171.71001.5985.174773.83.53.610.18-4.1438.136.4205牡丹江241.4992.197«.771762.32.13.510.16-4.13-38336.5191上*4.51025.11005.3758333.215,711.24-2.23-10.138.98½海城(m)大气压力hP(mbar)室外计算招财度度(%)至外风理(ms)年平均逡度(C)H1.F均强度的起止H朋(月、日)极端靖抵度(C)於端最跖超度(V)最大冰土深度(Cm)冬季最冷月月平均最络月月平均冬季平均夏季个均连云港3.01026.31005.0%813.03.014.011.27-3.11-18.140.025徐州41.01021.81000.764812.82.914.21.1.26-32-22.640.624南通5.31025.41005.176863.33.115.012.22-3.2-t.338.212南京8.91025.21004.073812.62.615.312.8-2.2314.040.79杭州41.71020.9100().577BO2.32.216.212.25-2.23-9.639.9俞山35.71020.91002.570弘3.73.216.3-6.139.14.21025.41005.878832.92.916.212.26-2.13-8.8阴.7一坦州6.01023.51005.575842.22.117.9三»-4.539.3三三三蚌埠21.01024.11002.371802.62.315.112.10-2.24-19.440.715合肥29.81022.31000.975812.S2.615.712.12-2.24-20.641.011JEW!14.81023.91002.877802.42.316.012.21-2.19-13.139.5安庆19.81023.71002.974793.52.816.512.23-2.14-12.540.210福州84.01012.6996.474782.72.919.6-1.259.8永安206.0997.8932.680751.21.419.1-7.640.5津州30.01017.31002.776801.61.621.0-2.140.9Iri63.21013.8999.173813.53.020.02.038.5九江32.21021.91000.97S763.02.417.012252.8-9.740.2一景德德61.51017.6998.276792.02.017.212.28-2.4-10.941.8一甯同46.71018.8999.174753.82.717.512.30-2.2-9.340.6一上饶118.31011.1992.678742.72.617.8一-8.641.6I1.州123.81008.3990.97$702.12.019.4-6.041.2一46.71021.01001.06080334.812.411.26-3.17-13.138.043湘玲44.11020.7999.761813.53.212.311.19-3.16-21.440.550济的51.61020.2998.554733.22.814.211.22-3.7-19.742.544Itsb76.01016.9997.264855.74.912.211.27-3.17-15.535.449族乡72.71017.6996.961782.72.314.011.22-3.6-21.342.728用州110.41012.8991.760761.42.614.211.24-3.5-17.943.027断出U9.81010.7989.669802.62.414.912.1-2.27-21.241.412憎阳114.51012.5990.974802.12.115.112.10-2.27-20.040.98an130.41010.0989.173801.61.716.812.26-2.6-9.841.4一武汉23.31023.31.1.776792.72.616.312.16-2.2018.139.410丸：19.61023.01002.077782.12.217.012.25-2.«-11.040.36岳阳51.61015.7瓯277752.83.117.01224-29-11.039.3长沙44.91019.9999.481752.82.6】7.212.26-2.8-11.340.65地名海城(111)大气JK力hP(mbr)室外计算相对湿度(%)室外风速(ms)年平均IB度(C)H平均M度+5t:的起止日期(月、H)ft41«低湿度(C)»*«高温度(t)最大冰土深度(cm)冬季J1.孽冷月月平均最焦月月平均冬季平均夏季平均MtW73.61015.7995.57972212317.512.31-1.3-8.040.5街阳103.21012.4992.8SO71172317.9-7.940.8解关69.31013.8997.1727518I520.3一-4.342.0一地头1.21019.81005.57984292521.3一0.437.9广州6.61019.S1004.57083241821.H038.7湛江25.31015.31001.17981352923.12.838.1一w14.11016.01002.48583342823.82.838.9桂林161.81002.9986.17178321518.8-4.939.4梆州96.91009.9993.37578171420.4一-3.839.2三a南宁72.21011.4996.07582181621.6一-2.140.4一北海14.61017.11002.47783362822.62.037.1广元47.0965.3X9.26076171416.1】2301.27-8.238.9万具186.71000.9982.18380060618.1-3.742.1一成M505.9963.2947.7SO85091116.2-5.937.3一重庆259.1991.2973.28275I21418.3-1.842.2宜宾340.8982.0%4.98282081318.0-3.039.5fi1590.7838.2834.8517517I217.0-3.®36.5一遵义843.9923.5911.5827710t115.211.25-2.9-7.138.7一*m1071.2897.5m.97877222015.312.26-2.5-7.837.5安取1392.9862.5W8282242214.012.25-2.10-7.634.3丽江2393.2T762.6761.14581392212.6-7.532.3昆明1891.4811.5808.0688325I814.7-5.431.5思东1302.1871.4865.0KO86100917.7-3.435.7Hff3306.0679.46811.4376410I47.510.31-3.25-19.333.481粒萨3658.0650.0652.3235422i87.510.29-3.26-16.529.4263836.0651.063«.32753191S6.310.21-3.2925.128.267怆林1057.5902.0S89.6SS62182S8.111.2-3.26-32.738.6148Ii安957.6913.3900.2M7221!69.411.4-3.16-25.439.779跑名海披<m)大气压力h1>a(Ebar)室外计算相对温度(%)塞外风速(ms)年平均««(V)日平均温黑51的起止日期(月、11)低温度(C)极逑G高温度(V)戢大麻上深度(CTn)冬季及季最冷月月平均MJ1月平均箜手平均夏季平均西安396.9978.7959.267721.82.213.311.21-3.1-20.641.745仅中508.4%4.1947.477810.91114.311.29-2.19-10.138.0一«M138.7893.3879.650432.12.29.3to.27-3.15-28.543.6144酒泉1477.2856.0847.0SS522.12.37.310.25-3.27-31.638.4132拦州1517.2851.4843.158610.51.39.111.1-3.15-21.739.1103天水1131.7892.0880.762721.31.210.711.14-3.10-19.237.261西宁2261.2775.i773.S48651.71.9S.710.20-4.2-26.633.5IM格尔木2807.7721.5724.041361.71.94.210.9-4.15-33.633.1部玛苏4272.3603.36IIIK56683.03.64.19.2-6.!4-4.1.22.9JiM368.1.2647.0651.043691.20.92.910.10-4.21-26.12«.7>103M1.1.1.1111.5895.7KM3.S58641.71.78.S10.30-3.27-50.639.3103因康1753.2826.5821.152712.82.76.210.21-3.31-28.1M.6114阿勒秦735.3941.9W5.271471.43.14.010.17-4.1043.537.67146克拉玛依427.0980.695«,977921.55.18.010.2S-3.25-35.942.9197伊宁662.5947.1983.578581.72.58.410.31-3.22-40.437.962国瞥木齐917.9919.9906.780441.73.15.710.24-3.29-41.540.5133ft34.51028.4997.759311.02.313.911.6-3.6-23.047.683台北9.01019.71005.3R2773.72.822.1一-2.038.0一玲港32.01019.5100S.671816.55322.8一0.036.11-5-1-4我国主要成镇采暖期度日数我国主要成镇采暖期度日数见表1-92.我国主要成镇采暖期度日数表1-92名采暧期大数Z平均温度，.(V)JtUttD4t(Vd)起止日期(d)哈尔滨10.18-4.12177-9.949共齐齐哈尔10.15-4.14182-10.25132牡丹江10.17-4.12178-9.44877伊春10.8-4.19194-12.55917K春10.21-4.9m-8.34497JR*期名起止日安天致Z平均温度，度日敷O*(d)(V)(Cd)延tf10.22-4.9170-7.14267it1.10.31-3.3!152-5.63587丹东11.84.1145-3.43103大连11.18-3.28131-1.42S41乌舍木齐10.24-4.3162-8.54293阿勒泰10.18-4.9174-9.64802克拉玛依10.287.24148-9.03996吐的为11.7-3.6120-4.82736rt宁10.21-3.31162-3.33451玛多956171S6-7.17179.UJ二河11.2-3.14133-2.82766值a10.24-3.28156-4.33479天水11.13-3.9117-0.22129MJi1.10.30-3.24146-3.73168西安11.21-3.2102111724a安11.7-3.17131-2.42672呼W浩特10.21-4.4166-6.24017WJ林浩特10.9-4.18192-10.75509海拉尔10.1-4.2S210-14.26762太窜11.5-3.21137-2.62822大IM10.24-4.3162-5.23758北京市11.12-3.17120-1.62470天津布1.16-3.15120-1.62340石家庄11.17-3.10IH-1.52109张*IJ10.28-3.30154-4.73496WI1.J11.12-3.20129-2.02580承X11.12-3.26146-4.43270济南11.24-3.61030.71782It岛U.29-3.181100.91881徐州11.29-3.4961.61574连云港11.29-3.7991.61629®州11.26-3.51001.41660甘&10.22-4.4165-1.23168拉萨10.29-3.201430.525031-5-1-5世界主要成市气象套数世界主要成市气©参数见表1-93.世界主要成市气象参数一：C表1-93I降水：mm；气候类1WM”«度经度海愎R«(m)I234受热带小风气候东京35*41'N139Y6'E4U共73UIOIUa135热带把靠牙实比1308,N123"E19Z5J315211.S202&，3263ZZJ!2(»新源我2*3S,N7T12,E216UJ2SIZJ22Z1.S177赤道多雨气候新加坡1*18*Ni()3()5,E!026.128516427.215427,6160应带大Mi性半干紧气候乌兰巴抵455,N1O65O,E1325-21.2<3m<31.1.30.7S<3加热带夏干气候nftn3354,N3628'E34113UJ801J77VU26淞带大Mi件气候隼»srrN21*01*EH'-2.932-2.1251.9291.240莫斯科555OrN3733'E167IQ.837一9135J1.8的3.436地中海式气候里斯本3843N9*08*W9510.3«611.282380U.154罗441S4,N1229'E63797.98010.67713.772«典37*58*N24"E1078.9M9i244I1.33IiiO2156789101112年平均1.Zi621.12126-»22.8U1.2113回12131182146147217220IO1.611562&Q2ZJ22JZZJ21.2?1.S2ZJ)211209180250221351S1.1.4943407"C比531.2型ZiJ320.27ZSJ86521.t17315031I571527.82.02U27.32ZJ24?2心21.IO1.1271832301021842363062282iO14.6JZJ15i31.10.873.2-11.2-2.2IO2876512355320821.0ZIJ26.22ZJ272M201.8-8ISJZJ1.Z10IOO77810551714.217.018iHt1.5&8.22i61.O516084734439383555011.§0618.0迄E10.1智-2J-8,01.i52668274584939620½tS4019.311r23421.8520338IZJ82U5109I1.J9315.869217.921.824.721dZ1.i16.5I1.1.3614418256513212210788212.5Z2827.026.823,3g66IMUxJ231858174474407S6789IO1112年平均14.¾314.9UJ16.714.111.413.«1641623515152921.*25.528.。28.627.?26.022.4U1.Z23i2OO6425210133417212.4Ui210.913.420.6yjj16.619611H183470925661.1.1.2H1.1.JUJ112J7&12JIIZiJH59483728077«6120513.81.U1081.1.J12,61.±J3IzJg12214014010997107817912421.QJ8,8SJ8,8U1.21.J1.2UJ1J山1191221301359712281107125026.2Z1.24.824.925.4½i226.727J26,338741453K5424JS32032635145S826.«26.826J26J26.326i226.325.926.2106149228326339333261IS1.224924726.826.827.725.723.619.714.82144OOUO147251J2J1.Wi921.12Jh4j2J12.69186<M12910086918611231.1.21S1.2J1.d12J167224J1.U785542S8W4too799097514.017.119.018.515.9II.16.84.110.9525055625149504958512.41S817.617.214.810.87.2S.210.546465659_50576448594气候类NM站纬度经X海拔庙«<m)I234五热带支干气候圣弗兰两於科3T47,NI2225,W1610.41161E79312.67413.237达帝干学与本干SAt候拉巴斯2410,N110”W12112318,411!21.4O变热带大防性半干早4X候圣跳5斯3319,S66-2O,W708107Z2i5103Zgn5916.439亚热带湿润气帔SJe3331'SsryE42.122及IgI1.S125129IO1.亚热韦琳渊气候奥克兰½174*46,4984卜，.八1.1147114109S1.带海洋性气帔密灵领4!17,17446,12616x274911.J791.1.i94疵I1.多雨热带气械*6“SNTE827.425221.5243ZZJ330Z420