英语单词词性和判断技巧解析.doc

英语单词词性词性尾缀其实很多.大家主要记住最常用的1. 名词后缀1>-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor2>-acy, 表示"性质.状态.境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3>-ance, -ence表示"性质.状况.行为.过程.总量.程度" importance, diligence, difference, obedience4>-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质.状态.行为.过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,5>-bility, 表示"动作.性质.状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6>-dom, 表示"等级.领域.状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom7>-hood, 表示"资格.身份, 年纪.状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood8>-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程.结果.状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9>-ism, 表示"制度.主义.学说.信仰.行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10>-ity, 表示"性质.状态.程度" purity, reality, ability, calamity11>-ment, 表示"行为.状态.过程.手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12>-ness, 表示"性质.状态.程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13>-ship, 表示"情况.性质.技巧.技能及身份.职业" hardship, membership, friendship14>-th, 表示"动作.性质.过程.状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15>-tude, 表示"性质.状态.程度" latitude, altitude<海拔>16>-ure, 表示"行为.结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure<手续>.17-grapy, 表示"学.写法" biography, calligraphy, geography18>-ic, ics, 表示"学法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19>-ology, 表示"学论"biology, zoology, technology<工艺学>20>-nomy, 表示"学术" astronomy, economy, bionomy<生态学>2. 形容词后缀<1>带有"属性.倾向.相关"的含义1>-able, -ible, visible, flexible2>名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish<注意accomplish, vanish>3>-ive, active, sensitive, productive4>-like, manlike, childlike5>名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6>-some, troublesome, handsome7>-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8>-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9>-ent, violent10>-most, foremost, topmost11>less, 表示否定.countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀1>-ize, ise, 表示"做成.变成.化"modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2>-en, 表示"使成为.引起.使有" quicken, weaken, soften, harden3>-fy, 表示"使化, 使成"beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4>-ish, 表示"使.令" finish, abolish, diminish, establish5>-ate, 表示"成为.处理.作用" separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀<形容词>-ly：badbadly坏地/恶劣地.carefulcarefully小心地-wise<OE>：clockclockwise<a./adv.>顺时针方向的<地>likelikewise同样地-wards：outoutwards向外面地.northnorthwards向北方地l 单词词性判断可以在词义的理解及书写句子方面帮助学生。名词有四数：可数与不可数.单数或复数；限定与动词不可忘。四数加限定！一怎样确定名词：一般情况下在下列结构中我们可确定所缺空应为名词1a/an/the +adj.+名词； a/the book; the rich the disabled the Smiths 2adj.+名词； a big stone; a long river; interesting books3adv.+ adj.+名词； a very honest boy4介词+名词； in the room; under construction5形容词性物主代词+名词； my surprise; his honesty6. 数词+名词； five girls;7缺的词在句中为主语.表语.宾语时多为名词。 They have books.及时练习1：1There has been a 30% growth in the _<市场> for personal computers.3He has discovered a lot of _ <发现> in science .5I am sorry that I cant attend the _<讲座>on American history .6She started as a successful merchant but ended up as a _乞丐.7There was a surprised _表情on her face .8Our city has experienced great _变化in the past few years 9Please give my _<祝贺>when you see her . 10.Jack took a deep _ <呼吸>and then dived into the water.11.Oliver was unable to give police a _<描述>of his attack .12.The car was a _<廉价货>at the price.动词名词练习：achieve add argue arrive respond retire rudesave sailsell 1. market 3 discoveries 5.lecture 6 beggar 7. expression 8 changes 9. congratulations 10. breath 11. description 12. bargain及时练习2：指出下列文中的名词：In the early 1990s, the word"Internet"was strange to most people. But today, Internet has become a useful tool for people all over the world. Maybe Internet has been the greatest invention in the field of communication in the history of mankind人类.Communicating with others on the Internet is much faster. We can chat with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. We can e-mail our friends and they can read the e-mails within a minute.Giving all kinds of information is probably the biggest advantage of the Internet. We can use search engines to find the information we need. Just type in a keyword or keywords and the search engine will give us a list of suitable websites to look at.We can enjoy a lot on the Internet by downloading games, visiting chat rooms or surfing 浏览websites. There are some games for free. We can meet new and interesting people in the chat now. We can also listen to music and see films.二怎样确定名词的单数或复数；可数或不可数§ 确定名词单数或复数的方法：1由名词前面的数词: 1. I have several _ <书> on the shelf. 2. This bus can carry 60 <乘客>. 2由名词后的动词单数或复数<即主谓一致>: The _ <建议> are reasonable and some of us will accept them. 3由句意: Our _ <教授> held a meeting about how to improve our English.What is the best-known chain of fast-food<餐馆>in the world.及时练习3：判断下列名词正误：1. They often have fish, meat and vegetable for supper.2. Mrs. Smith gets well along with her neighbor.3. They had only three meal of soup every day.4. Dickens wrote Oliver Twist in the year 1837 - 1838.5. His new play was a great succeed. 6. The animals are useful to the desert people in many way. 7. As he explored the sea.he tookpicture and videos of many thing that people had never seen before. 8. They were given kinds of breakfast.and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. 9. School child walked with their shirts.coats and anything else they could find pulled up over their nose. 10. The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. 11. Too many trees have been cut this years. 12. They use camels for carrying water.food.tents and another things. §确定名词可数或不可数的方法：注意三类名词：1、总是不可数的名词：1> 物质名词：furniture, equipment, 2> 抽象名词：advice,progress, news, fun, truth,milk, ink, rice, 2. 根据名词本身的意义：1> 物质名词：water水u, 水域c, rain 雨水u, 一场雨c 2> 抽象名词：experience<经验u.经历c> , pleasure<愉快u.乐事c>, success<成功u.成功的人c>, failure<失败u.失败的人或事c>, pity<遗憾u.遗憾的事c>, surprise<惊讶u.惊讶的事c>, 3. 个体名词总是可数名词：book, desk, 三限定词：限定词是位于名词或名词词组之前.对他们在特指、泛指或数量等方面起限定作用的一类词。She showed a certain elegance. The judge divorced the couple. He has got some brains<智慧>!限定词与形容词的区别主要是：限定词只对名词起限定作用有些限定词也可用作其他词性.如代词等.而形容词则描述名词的特征、状态等：We lived in small house. We lived in a small house. house 是个体名词.一般来说.个体名词是可数名词.有单数复数形式.单数形式的个体名词<可数名词>除在部分习语或固定搭配中外.一般不可单独使用.须根据具体情况与冠词、不定代词、指示代词或其它限定词连用, 或使用其复数形式。练习：改正下列错误：1. She should be able to get job in Europe.2. Mr. Blake was considered excellent music teacher. 3. How did accident happen?4. I will give you other chance to prove yourself. 5. Do you have class this morning?6. Important product of South Africa are fruit and gold. 7. She is English teacher. 由于动词在句中有谓语和非谓语两种形式.可根据所缺单词在句中充当的成分来判断此处是否为动词。一一般情况下：1. is, am, are, was, were, 2. will <would>, can <could>, must, may, 3. has, have, had.dont, didnt, doesnt4. V+s: goes, likes, 5. 动词原型：want / go /以上4项为确定的谓语动词。句中有了确定的 谓语动词 后其它的动词形 如V-ing /to do/ done-ed的 为非谓语动词。You want to know about my staying in America, right? Well, to tell you the truth, it is really an eye-opening experience to study here.In China, I had English classes five times a week since fifth grade. However, I didnt know how different textbook English could be from everyday English until I came to Hotchkiss School, Connecticut.When I first studied English, I was told to say,"I am fine."when people say"How are you?"But in the US, I found that people say, "I am good." or "Im tired."One day, someone greeted me with"Whats up?"It made me confused. I thought for a moment and then smiled because I didnt know what to say.二. 谓语动词的判断：1. 主动形式：如何主语实施了谓语动作.意义完整.就是表达主动关系。He invited to the party He invited me to the party. He was invited to the party. He was invited him to the party. 2. 被动形式：如果主语没有实施谓语动词动作而是承受了该动作.应该用be + done 形式表示.只有过分只能表示被动关系。He looked this morning. The boy took to the school. The patient sent to the hospital. The shocks and fires caused by the earthquake destroyed the village. 三动词与名词的判断：1. I'm ready to match my strength against yours.我已经准备好与你较量力气。He thought he could beat anyone at tennis, but he's met his match in her.  他以为他打网球所向无敌.但遇到她却是旗鼓相当。a football match足球比赛2. She is the picture of her mother.她活像她的妈妈。It is hard to picture life a hundred years ago.我们很难想象一百年前人们的生活。3. Have you seen any good films lately?你最近看过什么好电影吗?The television company is filming in our town.电视公司正在我们镇上拍片子。若所缺单词为修饰语则考虑形容词和副词。形容词的主要句法作用为表语和定语.用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词.据此可判断所缺是否为形容词; 副词一般主要用来修饰形容词.副词.动词或整个句子.据此可判断所缺单词是否为副词。形容词的学习：在下列结构中应该用形容词：a + adj+ n a tall boy 写一写：_ _ _be +adj. He is tall. 写一写：_ _ _keep/find/make/think it adj. to / that be + as + adj. + as do + as + adv. + as*be so / too / very / how / however + adj. <不用adv.> 1形容词在句子中的句法作用及位置： 作定语时放在名词的前面。形容词修饰名词。结构：a/an/ _ 名词Li Mei is a beautiful city girl.  The new student comes from Japan.My fathers  car is very expensive. The English story is very interesting. 少数形容词只能作定语这些形容词包括 little, live<活着的>, elder, eldest 等.只能作定语.不能作表语。例如：    <正>My elder brother is a doctor.<误>My brother is elder than I.<正>This is a little house.<误>The house is little.<正>Do you want live fish or dead one?<误>The old monkey is still live. 貌似副词的形容词：lonely, friendly, lively, lovely, likely, deadly, daily, weekly, 后置的情况：修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.<他发生了严重的事故>1. Every minute there is _going on here. A. exciting something B. something exciting C. exciting anything D. anything exciting2. This river is about 5 feet _. A. deep B. widely C. depth D. length作表语时放在连系动词之后.构成系表结构。结构：连系动词+ 形容词。如：The idea sounds great. 连系动词主要有：be<am, is, are>, look<看起来>, sound听起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, feel感到.摸起来.结构： look / sound / smell / taste / feel / seem / 形容词 look / sound / smell / taste / feel / seem / 副词-ly/very / so/+形容词The soup tasted very delicious. 少数形容词只能作表语这些形容词包括ill, asleep, awake, alone, afraid, well, worth, glad, unable等.只能作表语.不能作定语。<表语形容词> 例如：<正>Dont be afraid.<误>Mr. Li is an afraid man.<正>The old man was ill yesterday. <误>This is an ill person.<正>This place is worth visiting. <误>That is a worth book.练习：判断下列形容词所充当的成分：1. a small German town 2. a light blue sweater 3. Its nothing serious. 4. He feels lonely. 5. Tom is tall6. John looks so happy. 2. The man looked at me with a _ smile. A. friendB. friends C. friendlyD. friendlily 3. The neighbors visit the old man, so he doesnt feel _ at all. A. friendlyB. lovelyC. lonelyD. lively4. The flowers in the garden smell _. A. nicelyB. wonderfullyC. wellD. nice5. The _ boy has been in hospital for a month. A. illB. sickC. afraidD. alone6. Dont eat the meat. It smells _. A. terrible B. badly C. delicious D. good 7. Here is a _ mouse. Was it killed by your cat? A. die B. died C. death D. dead E. deadly 8. Mary looks _ at home. A. happy B. happily C. happier D. more happyMary looks _ at the model in the room. A. happy B. happily C. happier D. more happy9. I have_ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something10. What a _ cough！You seem _ill. A. terrible.terribly B. terribly.terrible C.terrible.terrible D.terribly.terribly作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean. keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词作宾补练习：1. You must keep your eyes _ when you do eye exercises. A. close B. openC. closed D. opened2. We should try our best to make our life _. A. wellB. beautifully C. wonderfulD. bad 改错：1. Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. 2. The room is so noise. 3. The fish has gone bad. It tastes terribly. 4. Im sure your illness is caused by something seriously. 5. The mixture of coffee, milk, and sugar tastes differently from tea. ."the+ 形容词"用作主语及宾语, 作主语时用作复数。The dead the livingthe richthe poorthe blindthe hungry     The old often think of old things. 老年人经常回想往事。The new always take the place of the old.新生事物总是会取代旧的事物。  1> The rich _ often greedy. A. are B. isC. was D. wereThe poor are losing hope.副词的学习一、用来说明事情发生时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、副词的分类：<见下表>时 间 副 词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today, tomorrow,yesterday, now,then, early, late,once, soon, just,tonight, long,already, yet, before,ago, later, ever sinceafter, wheneverfirst, someday,sometime, last,oncetwicealwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever<seldom>everhere, there,home, below,anywhere,above, outside,in, inside, out,back, up, downaway, off, far,near, nearby,wherevereverywhere,very, too,enough,rather, quite,how, so,much, just,nearly, onlyalmost, hardly,as long as等,even, all,a little, a bitwell,hard,alone,fast,together,suddenly,how,where,when,why,whetherhowever, etc.too, also,nor, so,as, on, off,either,yes, no,not, neithermaybe,perhaps,certainly,-ly结尾的副词关系副词以-ly结尾的词大都是副词where,why,when,副词的用法：1、修饰动词: sing happily , greet sb. politely, talk loudly, listen carefully, rain heavily, sing nicely2、修饰形容词: badly ill, truly sorry, really sorry副词的构成： 大多数情况下由形容词 +ly： quiet-quietly correct-correctly polite-politely 以 le结尾的形容词: -eyterribleterribly, gentlegently .<im> possible<im> possibly, comfortablecomfortably, simplesimply 以y结尾的形容词: -yily：easy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily 一些形容词本身也是副词： long, early, fast, hard.straight 部分形容词和副词是两个完全不同的词：goodwell二、写出下列形容词的副词：1. bad2. bright 3.careful4. clear 5. soft 6. correct 7. excited8. free 9. loud 10.neat11. slow12. close 13. polite 14. nice_15. possible16. gentlefortable18.terrible19.simple 20. angry 21.happy 22.heavy23.noisy 24. easy 25. hard 26.fast 27. good 28. true 29. late 三、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：副词可以修饰动词、形容词或副词.也可放句首修饰整个句子。1修饰动词时放在该动词后主要以方式副词-ly或程度副词为主：Its raining heavily. 练习：1. He looked at it _ again. A. careB. carefulness C. carefulD. carefully2. Please do your homework _. <careful>3. The work isn't hard. I can finish it _. <easy>4. The girl's voice sounds_. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up. A. sweet B. sweetly C. beautifully5. The firemen have saved the boy from the fire _ <successful>. 2> 修饰形容词或副词时.放在该词前面。You are quite right. Dont ride too fast. Neither Tom nor Susan can swim very well. 练习：1. What a _ coug