keys to UNIT 3 Swine flu in Britain.docx

Unit3EpidemicDiseasesTextASwinef1.uinBritain1. ReadingcomprehensionDirectionsiAnswer(hefo1.1.owingquestionsaccording(o(he<ex1.1. Hwmanycasesofswinef1.uareConfinnedbySco1.1.ishHea1.thMinisterinAirdric?Sco<tishHea1.thMinisterconfirmstwocasesofswine11uinAirdric.2. howmanypeop1.ehaveeverhccninc1.osecontactwiththetwopositiveeasesofswinef1.u?22PeOP1.eincontactwith(hepairhavebeentestedwith7showingmi1.df1.u-1.ikesymptoms.3. Uwmanypossib1.ecasesofswineuhavebeenreportedinBri1.ain?Upto22otherpossib1.ecaseshavebeenreported4. InwhichCOUrHryisthefirstEuropeanconfinnedvictimfound?Rrs(EuropeanvictimisconfirmedinSpain.5. Whichcoun1.r),shou1.dbetheorigina1.pkceofswinefeverin2009?Mexico6. WhochairedtheCobrameeting?Siwgeon7. WhydidEIiZatxnhHcneghan(rave1.u>Canun?Sheattendedafriend'swedding.8. Whatmeasureswou1.dbetakenintheeventofapandemic?a.Theaffectedareaswou1.dbewtunderquarantineb. Thetrave1.rcs1.ric1.kmswou1.dbeimposed.c. Pub1.icmeetingswou1.dbebanned.IIRcadingAIoudII.Vocabu1.ary.Directions:Findaproperwordfromthefo1.1.owingwordbanktocomp1.eteeachofthefo1.1.owingsentences.Change(hefb11nifnoccssar),.I.iso1.ation2,confimed3.disc1.osure4.symxon5.Precaution6. reiterate7.de1.ed8.strain9.pandemic10.disrupt8. Directions:Choosethebestanswertocomp1.eteeachsentence.1 .B.institute2.B.disc1.osure3.C.turbu1.ent4.D.disrp(5 .A.pandemic6.D.f1.icked7.C.tension8.D.de1.ected9. A.quarantined10.D.panic-strickenIII. C1.oze1. E.symptoms2.N.intense3.A.sore4.C.subsequent5.B.Externa1.6. J.Contact7.G.spreads8.1.contaminated9.K.victims10.D.deceasedIV. Trans1.ation.Directions:Trans1.atethefo1.1.owingwordsfromEng1.ishintoChinese.略.(详见豫文译文)B.Directions:Trans1.atethefo1.1.owingwonkfn>mChineseintoEng1.ish.Traditiona1.ChineseMedicine(TCM)isanintegra1.partofChinesecu1.ture.IthasmadegreatcontributionsIothep>spcri1.yofChinaTOdiIybothTCMandwesternmedicinearebeingusedinprovidingmedica1.andhea1.thservicesinChina.TCM,withitsuniquediagnosticmethods,systematiccureapproaches,*bundan1.historica1.Ii1.eni1.urcandmateria1.s,hasattrac1.edaIo1.ofauentionfrom(munity.InChina.TCMisunder(headninist(ationofStateAdministrationofTCMandPharmaco1.ogy.Nationa1.strategies,1.awsandregu1.ationsgoverningTCMan?nowinp1.acetoguideandpromote(heresearchanddeve1.opmentinthispromisingindustry.Bydefinition.TCMisamedica1.sciencegoverningthetheoryandpracticeoftraditiona1.Chinesendicine.hinc1.udesherba1.medicine,acupuncture.Tuina.Qigonginddietarytherapy.VIWritingPmvcfHionisbetterthancure:Outofacoumr),shea1.thbudget,a1.argeproportionshou1.dbedivertedfromIrcatnwnctospendingonhea1.theducationamipreventativemeasures.Therisingcostsofhea1.thcarehavebecomeanissuetormanycountriesin(hewor1.d.Todea1.withthisprob1.em,itisrecommendedthatabigpariofthestatehe<hhbudgetbeusedforhea1.theducationanddiseasexeventioninsteadoftaeatne11.Firstofa1.1.manykindsofdiseasesarePNVe1.NabIeandpreventingadiseaseisusua1.1.ymuchcheaper(hantreatingit.Forexamp1.e,peop1.ecou1.dpreventcatchingaco1.diftheydresswarm1.yandgetgoodrestwhentheweatherfirstge1.sco1.dinthewinter.Bu1.manypeop1.ege1.SiCkbecausetheytai1.todosoandhavetospendmuchnemoneyseeingadoctor.AnothereaseinPOintiscancer,the1.eadingcauseofdeathinthewor1.d.But1.ungcancer,1.ivercancerandmanyotherkindsofcancercou1.da1.1.beeAeeiive1.ypreventedifpeop1.etakemeasuresfor(heirheakhinanear1.ystage.Inaddition,hea1.theducationa1.sop1.aysakeyro1.einimprovingpeop1.e'shea1.th.Bygivingpeop1.emoreinformationabnuhea1.th,countriescou1.dhe1.ppeop1.euu1.crs(andtheimportamxofdiseasepreventionandwaystoachieveit.Tex1.BIReadingcomprehensionDirections:Answerthefo1.1.owingquesti<wsaccordingtothetext.1 .Howmanypeop1.eparticipated(he19thInternationa1.AIDSConferencehe1.dintheUnitedStates?hcrewerenear1.y24.()0()participantsatthe19thInternationa!AIDSConference.2 .Whatkindofextraordinaryscientificgainsre1.atedtoAIDShasbeenmadesince(heconferencewas1.asthe1.dinheUnitedStates22yearsago?Thesegainsare:an(ircirovi111.drugcombinationsirwomenIopreventinfec1.inofIheirnewborns:drugstotreatandpreventinfectionwithH.I.V.thevirusthatcausesAIDS,amongadu1.ts;andevidencethatvo1.untaryma1.ecircumcisioncanreducetheriskoffcma1.c-to-ma1.ctransmissionby50to60percent.3 HowdidDr.RichardHo11onthinkoftheconference'snews1.oganeeringaboutturningbackAIDS?Dr.RichardHortonsaid"I1.'samarketingstrategy.,Headded.'iIt,sonethatcou1.dbackfire."4. Whyisi(sodifficu1.ttodefineIhCwU1.d,、叩idemic"?'1.'hetermisf1.exib1.eandsubjective,andcanmeandif1.crcntthingstodifferentexperts.Evenmoree1.usiveisdeterminingwhatconstitutes(heendofanepidemic1.ikethisone.5. W1.uaxob1.enscanAIDScauseforinectedpeop1.e?AIDSmakespeop1.edca1.h1.yi1.1.fromprob1.ems1.ikesevereweight1.oss,swo1.1.en1.ymphnodesanda1.ossofc11tica1.immunece1.1.sthatincreasesaperson'svu1.nerabi1.itytomyriadotherinfections.ButH.I.V.infectioncanvmainsi1.entforsevera1.yearsbeforecausingsymptoms6. WhatmayhappenifinfectedPeOPIes1.optakingtheirdrugs,evenforbriefperiods?manyinfue1.edpeop1.estoptakingIhCirdrugs,evenforbriefperiods,theycou1.dtransmitH.I.V.toothersaiu1.chosestrainsmaywe1.1.bedrug-resistant.7. HowdocsWor1.dHea1.thOrganizationdefinee1.iminationofaninfectiousdisease?TheWor1.dHeahhOrganizationdefinese1.iminationofaninfectiousdiseaseasbringing(benumberofcasesbe1.owapredeterminedamount,orreducingthenumberIoze11>inaspecificregion.8. Howmanypeop1.ein1.ow-andmicki1.c-incomccountrieswhoarcinfectedwithH.I.V.receivedIhedn>gs(heyneededaccording(oUNAIDS?Ofthe15mi1.1.ionpeop1.ein1.ow-andmidd1.e-incomecountrieswhoareinfectedwithH.I.V.andneedantiretrovira1.therapy,1.astyearon1.yabouteightIniniOnreceivedthedrugstheyneeded,acco111.ingtoU.N.A!DS.IIVocabu1.ary1. Thciraimistoeradicatetheracismandsexismwhichoccursina1.1.themajorinstitutions.他们的目标是消灭存在于所有主要社会机构中的种族歧视和性别歧视。2. TheincidenceofIhisdiseasehasdroppedconsiderab1.yin1.hepastfewye<rs.近几年这种病的发病率大大降低了3. Whaiconstitutesthegroundofhumandignity?什么是人类聘产的祖成胫础？4. /XdiiKmisIiyourfriendinp11vaie.praiseIhenIinpub1.ic.私下里劝告你的朋友,公开场合表扬他们5. Evenourmostcarefu1.1.y1.aidp1.ansmaybackfire.排至我们的最周密安排的计划也可能产生适得其反的结果，6. Johni$1.obbyingsomemembersofthe1.egis1.atu.约翰在对一些立ii委员们进行防说。7. Theymadeagiganticdemonstrationagainstthegovernment.他们举行了一次声势浩大的反政府示威8Admiration,though,whi1.eaIaudiib1.ereaction,is1.ess1.ike1.yospuruson(hanaso1.iddoseofbenignenvy.虽然.崇拜作为一.种值得赞赏的反应相比于史实在的良性嫉妒,却并不足以激励我们.9. Wchaveamp1.ereason(oconc1.udethatchronicangerisbadforus.我们有足泌的理由做出长期的生气有否健康这个结论10. TheBo1.iviangovernmentadheresIotheOne-Chinapo1.icy.玻利维亚政府望持奉行一个中国政策.111. C1.oze1 .F.originated2.E.deecied3.N.incubation4.K.diagnosis5.A.strain6. G.precautions7.0.infection8.B.contain9.C.evidence10.H.iir1.>meTextCIIVocabu1.ary1. Nothinghasthecapacitytorep1.icateitse1.fCXCqXDNA.除DNA外,什么东西也没有自我更制的能力，2. A1.1.oftheseagenciesandpeop1.ecithercomp1.ementorfaci1.itateourwork,orexpress(hehea1.thneedsofpopu1.ations.所有这些机构和人士要么补充或便利我们的工作要么表达人民的R生需求.3. Tiscommitmentdoesno<en(ai1.sur1.eringourto<a1.se1.ves(oeachother;nordoesitimp1.ythatthere1.ationshipisnecessari1.ypermanent.这种承诺并不需要我们相互放弃自身的特性,也不表示我们的这种关系一定是永久的关系，1.1 nsectspossessabio1.ogica1.c1.ockthatPrognimmeStheinsecsgrowth.reprduc(ionandUOrnIarnperiods.昆虫具有一种生物钟，它会按照遗传密码控制昆虫的生长、繁殖和休眠期。1.2 oucanmu1.ticasteventsanddatafromoneportorf1.owPOrttomu1.tip1.eportsorI1.owports.您可以从一个端口或流端11到多个端口或者流瑚口多点传播事件和数据.1.3 fcoursewemusthigh1.ightthat(hesystemcanhard1.ybeinaccurate.当然我们必须强调这一"i即该系统根本不可能出借.7 .Thcyapprehendchateveryfartherstepforwardontheroadtowardthesocia1.izationofenterpriseswi1.1.serious1.yimpairthequantityandthequa1.ityofthepr<iuctsofeveryindustry.他们认识到，在向企业的社会主义化道路上徒深入一步都将会严氽地损害每个产业所生产的产品的数增和战地，8 .Weshou1.doftenopenthewindowstoa1.1.owtheairtocircu1.ate.我们应当经常打开窗户以使空气流通。9 .Withineach1.eve1.,wepresentboththedynamicviewandstaticviewofthebehaviorfor(hata11icu1.ar1.eve1.在每个层次内，我们既展示了该特定层次行为的动态视图，又展示了其静态视图10 .HerS1.Oryisuudacioswbuirea1.Iyisit(hatfaroffbasefna1.1.ourprinudurges?她的故事是大胆而其实的，而这些是否就是源在我们的最原始的欲望呢？IIIReadingSki1.1.sDirections:Inthissection,youarcgoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Richsta(en>e!11co11ainsinformationgiveninoneof(hepa11igphs.Identif),(bePCragraPhfromwhich(heinfmutionisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmurethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwitha1.etter.AnswerthequestionsbywritingtheCOnrSpond1.ng1.etterinthebracketbeforeeachstatement.AIDSINTHETHIRDWOR1.DAG1.OBA1.DISASTERA. InrichCoUnIrieSAIDSisno1.ongeradeathsentence.ExpensivedrugskeepHIV-positivepatientsa1.iveandhea1.thy,perhapsindefinite1.y.1.oudpub1.ic-awarenesscampaignskeepthenumberofinfectedAmericans,JapaneseandWestEuropeans(ore1.ative1.y1.ow1.eve1.s.Thesenseofcrisisispast.I.在富裕的国家里，艾滋福不再意味着死亡。昂贵的药物使H1.V呈.阳性的患者能终维持生命.保持健康,或许还能长期地延续这种状态.声势浩大的提高公众防意识的运动唤起了人们对艾滋病的关注.在美国、日本以及西欧国家，艾海病怯染人数维持在相对较低的水平上。人们的危机感已成为过去。B. Indeve1.opingcountries,bycontrast,1.hcdiseaseisspreading1.ikenenegasinagent1.ebreeze.hcpoorcannotaffordtospendSIO.O()Oayearonwonderpi1.1.s.Mi1.1.ionsofAfricansarcdying.Inthe1.ongerterm,evengreaternumbersofAsiansarcatrisk.Formanypoorcountriesthereisnogvaerorn>reimmediatethreat(opub1.ichea1.thandeconomicgrowth.YetfewPOIi1.iCaI1.eadeIS(rea1.itasapriority.2,相比之下,在发展中国家这种疾病的传播却如同在风中传播的致命毒气.穷人们付不起每年价值I万美元的神奇药物.因此上百万非洲人正面临着死工.从奥长远的时间上看，有更多的的亚洲人也将面临此运，在许多苴穷国家，艾滋病时公众健康和姓济增长是增大的也是呆R接的威胁。但一或国家的制导者却很少把它列为头等大事来对待。C. SinceHIVwasfirstidentifiedinthe1970s.over47mi1.1.ionpeop1.ehavebeeninfected,ofwhomI4mi1.1.ionhavedied.1.astyearsawIhebiggestannua1.deathto1.1.yec2.5mi1.1.ion.Thediseasenowranksburthamongthewor1.d*sbigki1.1.ers,aerrespiratoryinfec1.ions.diarrheadisordersandtubercu1.osis.Itnowc1.aimsmanymon:1.iveseachyearthanma1.aria,agrowingmenace,andissti1.1.nowhercnearhspeak.Jf1.1.iaando<hcrAsiancountriesdonottakeitserious1.y.Ihenumberofinfectionscou1.dreach“aneworderofnagnitude'saysPeterPiot,beadoftheUN?sAIDSprogramme.自从20世纪70年代H1.v首次被发现以来.已有47(X)万以上的人述染了此病毒，其中1400万人为此丧生。去年的死亡总数达到了最高的年死亡率，即250万人，现在HIV病毒己成为世界上第四号巨型杀手,前三号依次为呼吸系统感染、腹泻和结核病，每年死于H1.V病毒的人数已超过疟疾.其威胁性正H益增长,并且无法估计何时能达到顶峰.彼得帕尔德是联合国艾滋病项目的负击人，他认为如果印度等亚洲国家不认真时待此事，受感染的人数可达到一个新的高峰oD.Thehumani11muiHkficicncyvims(HIV),whichcausesacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome(AIDS),isthoughttohavecrossedfromchimpanzeestohumansinthe1.ate1940sorear1.y1950sinCongo.Iitooksevera1.yearsforIhcvirustobreakoutofCongo7s(knscandsparse1.yPopU1.a1.edjung1.esbut,onceitdid.itinarchedwithrebe1.armies(htgbtheCorUinent?Snunn>uswarzones,rodewithtruckersfromonerest-stopbrothe1.tothenext,andeventua1.1.ycw.perhapswithanairsteward,toAmerica,whereitwasdiscoveredintheear1.y1980s.AsAmericanhomosexua1.sanddruginfecorsStartCdtowakeuptothedangersofbath-housesandneed1.e-sharing,AIDSwasa1.readydevastatingAfriCa.4,引起AIDS(获得性免疫功能缺损媒合部>的HIV(人体免疫缺损标华)被认为是20s世纪纪40年代末至50年代初由刚果的黑猩猩传染给人类的.几年之后此病毒从刚果荒蛮浓密的从林爆发出来.一旦流传开来,它就前着反叛部队穿越大陆的各个战区：叨着货车司机驶过符个妓院；奴终，可能随着汽中乘务员飞往美国，并在加里于20世纪80年代初被发现。当美国的同性恋者和开始意识到公英浴池、吸毒者开始意识到公共浴池、共用针头的危险性时.艾滋病已经开始在非洲制造巨大灾难了.E. Sofar,theworst-hitareasarccastandsouthernAfrica.InBotswana,Namibia,Swazi1.andandZimbabwe,betweenafifthandaqua11erofpeop1.eagedI549areaff1.ictedwithHIVorAIDS.InBotswana,chi1.drenbornear1.yinIhCnextdecadewi1.1.havea1.ifeexpectancyof40:withoutAIDSitwou1.dhavebeennear7().Ofthe25monitoringsitesinZimbabwewherepregnantwomenaretestedforHIV；on1.ytwoin1997showedpreva1.encebe1.ow10%.A1.Iheremaining23sites,20-50%ofwomenwereinfected.Aboutathirdofthesewomenwi1.1.passtheviruson(o(heirbabies.5.到目前为止,受吉最严市的地区是非洲的东部和南部。在博茨瓦纳、纳米比业、斯威士兰以及津巴布韦.有五分之一到四分之一年龄在15到19岁的人正在遭受由H1.V或艾滋病帚来的痛苦.几年以后出生的博茨瓦纳儿童，其寿命将为40年.而如果不是艾滋病，他们本来可以活到近70岁。在津巴布方的25个受监控的施区，怀孕的妇女接受了HIV病毒的检测。1997年只有两个地区显示其雪染率在10%以卜,在其它23个地区，受热染的妇女达到20%到50%,其中大约有三分之一的妇女将会把病毒传染给她们的婴儿.F. Theregionsgiant,SouthAfrica,was1.arge1.yprotectedbyitsiso1.ationfromtherestofthewor1.dduringtheapartheidyears.NowitisIwsttooneintenofthewor1.d'snewinfections-moreIhananyothercountry.Inthecountry'smostpopu1.ousprovince.KwaZu1.u-Nata1.PerhaPSathirdofsexua1.1.yactiveadu1.tsarcH1.V-PoSiti6.非洲大国第非在种族隔离的年代由于很少与世界其他地区往来而免受艾滋病的影晌，可是现在它却拥有世界上十分之一的艾滋病感染者，其致M邮过其他任何一个国家。在这个国家人口最多的省卡瓦祖鲁纳塔尔，大约有三分之一的青壮年为HIV阳性患者，G. Asiaisthenextdisaster-in-waiting.A1.ready.7mi1.1.ionAsiansarcinfected.India's930mi1.1.ionPeOPIC1.ookincreasing1.yvu1.nerab1.e.TheIndiancountryside,whichmostPeoPICimaginedre1.ative1.yAIDS-free,(urnsoutnottobe.Arece11studyinTami1.Nadu(bundover2%ofrura1.peop1.etobeHIV-positive:500,000peop1.einoneofIndiassma1.1.eststates.Sinar1.0%hadothersexua1.1.ytransmitteddiseases(STDS),theavenuetorfurtherinfectionsisc1.ear1.yopen.ASUrVCyoffema1.eSTDpatientsinPoona,inMaharashtra,foundthatover90%hadneverhadsexwithanyonebut(heirhusband:andye<13.6%hadHIV.7亚洲将是下一个受灾地区，现已拥有70()万熔染者，有者9.3亿人口的印度，处境不容乐观，许多人认为印度的乡村地区相对安全.可以不受艾滋病的我击.但事实并非如此、泰米尔那都是印度垃小的邦之一，只有50万人I1.但最近的研究表明这里2%的乡间人11为HIV阳性。由于10%的人口患其他性传播疾病，十分可能产生进一步的堵染，在浦那、马哈拉施特拉，人们对女性性稻患者迸行了一次调查，结果发现90%的人以前从未与她们丈夫以外的任何人发生过性关系.但是13.6%的人呈HIV阳性.H. NooneknowsWha1.AIDSwi1.1.do1.opoorcountries?economics,fornowherehasIhCepidemicrunitscourse.Anoptimisticassessment*by1.anWhitesideof(heUniversityofNata1.,suggests(hattheeffectofAIDSonInsSUrabIeGDPwi1.1.bes1.ight.Evenathighpreva1.ence.Mr.Whi1.csidethinksitwi1.1.s1.owgrowthbynomorethan0.6%ayear.Thisisbecausesomanypeop1.einprcountriesdonotcontributemuchtotheforma1.economy.Toputitevenmorecrude1.y,wheretherei$ahugeOVerSUPPIyofunski1.1.ed1.abour,thedeadcaneasi1.yberep1.aced.8.艾滋病1.miR家的造成什么影响，现在无法说清，因为无法预制这种传染病将发展到什么程度.朱白纳塔尔大学的艾伦怀特塞德挣一种较为乐观的态度认为艾滋病对国内生产总值的影响不大，并指出即使是在此传染病的高发期,对其影响也不会超过0.6%,这是因为在贫穷国家许多人对正常的经济发展不起作用，说得再残酷些，在一个搠有大型非技术劳力的国家里,死去的劳力很容易被取代.I. Otherresearchersarcmorepessimistic.AIDStakes1.ongertoki1.1.thandidthep1.ague,sothecostofcaringforthesickwi1.1.bemorecripp1.ing.Modemgovernments,un1.ikemedieva1.ones,(axthehea1.hy(ohe1.p1.ookafertheai1.ing,so(hebrxfenwi1.1.fa1.1.oneveryone.AndAIDS,becausei(issexi1.)yIransniiUed.tends1.hitIhcm>erge1.icandproductivemembersofsociety.ArecentstudyinNamibiaestimatedthatAIDScostthecountr)a1.most8%ofGNPin1996.Anotherana1.ysispredictsthatKenya'sGDPwi1.1.be14.5%sma1.1.erin2005thanitwou1.dhavebeenwithoutAIDS,andthatincomeperpersonwi1.1.be10%1.ower.9,也有一些研究人员持较为悲观的态度，他们认为艾滋病比瘟疫折磨人的时间更长，所以治疗过程所禽的花费就更大.不同于中世纪时的政府,现代政府向健康人征收税款来帮助患拧这样，负担便摊到每个人的头上，同时，由于艾滋病是通过性行为传播的，受害者可能是社会上那些鼠年富力强的人。G近一项在纳米比亚进行的调行显示，1996年艾滋病耗去这个国家生产总值的8%。另一项分析预测,用尼亚25年的国内生产总值将为艾滋病的影响而减少14.5%,其人均收入将减少10%J. Thecos<ofthedisease10Jngenera1.,chcmoreadvancedIhceconomy,theworseitwi1.1.beaffectedbya1.argenumberofAIDSdeaths.SouthAfrica,withitsadvancedindustries,a1.readysuffersashortageofski1.1.edmanpower,andCannO1.affordU>1.osemore.Inbe1.1.er-offdeve1.opingcountries,peop1.ehavemoresavingstofa1.1.backonwhentheyneedtopaymedica1.bi1.1.s.Wherepeop1.ehavehea1.thand1.ifeinsurance,thoseindustrieswi1.1.behitbybiggerc1.aims.InsurcisPIXneC1.themse1.vesbychargingmoreorrefusingpo1.iciestoHIV-positiveCUstomefS.InZimbabwe,1.ife-insurancepremiumsquadrup1.edin(woyearsbecauseofAIDS.HigherpremiumsIoruemorepeop1.etoseektreatmentinpub1.ichosp