ISO 04723-2023.docx

INTERNATIONA1.STANDARDISO4723editionFirSt2023“1Waterqua1.ityActinium-227Testmethodusinga1.pha-spectrometryQUQIiMdeeauActinium227Methoded'essaiparspectrom&riea1.pha©ISO2023COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT©ISO2023IUirhM*hedbdi1.iUedotherwiseupdhi.o啪InyM1.tta0Dmk<nroni(ncm11ni10tf1.*Mqn1.C6pW11opypMRationmaytheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbe1.oworISO'smemberbodyinthecountr)oftherequester.f),WV>fifiU81.andonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone：M1.227490111觥ftte:丽丽BQrgPub1.ishedinSwitzer1.andForewordISO(theInternationa1.OrganizationforStandardization)isawor1.dwidefederationofnationa1.standardsttiugh(ISOmrtmiw)bMd>niK盟RAucekdHpfff1.QbbGgbodyIcommitteehasbeenestab1.ishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationa1.organizations,governmenta1.andnon-governmenta1.,in1.iaisonwithISO,a1.sotakepartinthework.ISOco1.1.aboratesc1.ose1.ywiththee1.ectrotechnica1.standardization.Internationa1.E1.ectrotechnica1.Commission(IEC)ona1.1.mattersofTheproceduresusedtodeve1.opthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedyiFFHSOfISo雇etW1.kes,s姗抬”not1.f1.fcfcww1.蝌闾IC限CordanCe麻theeditoria1.ru1.esoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(secwwsv.iso.org/direc1.ives).曲曲谶en1.a隧H%ntakes用福舐岫!瓢oncV三1.部隔隔1监8曲岫野ntm邓龈酣顺榔kgdaimcdpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpub1.icationofthisdocumentISOhad/hadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimp1.ementthisdocument.However,i11p1.ementersare蜘临翻琳酬/mj，wWjSOQFg/眸IentS洗蝮油那ion,扁MMSPOn赖岫油嬲9的阳躲Ora"suchpatentrights.Anytradeusedinthisconstitutenameendorsenent.documentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotForanexp1.anationofthevo1.untarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsand幽幽蛔豳酒侬遮W即辆O)assEif1.眦聚inwe帼"1.见OnBarRWyE辟dead邮&CcsVbr¼11isoorgisoforeword.htmI.ThisdocumentwaspreparedRadioactivitymeasurements,byTechnica1.CommitteeISO/TC147,Waterqua1.ity,SubcommitteeSC3,Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshou1.dbedirectedtotheuser'snationa1.standardsbody.Acomp1.ete1.istingofthesebodiescanbefoundarwwwGF7embe¾4um1.Introductionwaters,seawaters)containradionuc1.ideswhichcanbeofeithernatura1.,oranthropogenicorigin:andrunoffcanwater)watere1.easedfromtotechno)ogic1.processesinvo1.vingnatra1.1.y-ocrringanthropogenicradionuc1.idesemittingradionuc1.ides3suchasSrrCoandtransuranice1.ementsfoundinnatura1.Anthropogenicradionuc1.idesUsedbeforemedica1.dischargedindustria1.theenvironmentcanjandre1.easedbodies.occurredattheChornoby1.andFukushimanuc1.earfaci1.ities.nuc1.earinsta1.1.ationsduringp1.annedr3dionudidesandemergencyconcentrationssituations(2)resentdrinking-Nationa1.regu1.ationsusua1.1.yspecifyefuentsactivityconcentrationenvironment.authorizedindrinkingComp1.ianceresu1.tsobtainedwithassessedassociatedUncertaintiesradioactivityinwaterSampIesGuide98-3PniVidedInIfReferenceisandspeci11edincoef1.fiCientofReferenceReferencesvaIueandbeenca1.cu1.atedusingtheformu1.a(Irinkingdoscwatcrrepresentsarcsu1.ts1.owIcvc1.eftcctivctohumanhea1.thandmemberscxpcctcdpub1.ic.Thisriscansamp1.es.documentmethod(三)method(三)thisdocument1.a1.>oratories,usedwhichvarioustodetermine227(seeScope).operationa1.requirements,reasonssuchasemergencysituations,1.owernationa1.guidance1.imits,andRadionuc1.idesarepresentthroughouttheenvironment;thus,waterbodies(e.g.surfacewaters,groundGISO2023-A1.1.rightsrrsrnr<!ynatura1.1.y-occurringradionuc1.ides,inc1.uding,311,1C30Kandthoseoriginatingfromthethoriumanduraniumdecayseries,inparticu1.ar210Pb,2oPor222Rn,226Ra,22Ra,227c232Th,231Pa1.234U2381.J,byberainfbundinorbodiesdueeithernatura1.(e.g.desorptionfromthesoi1.radioactivemateria1.s(e.g.mining,minera1.processing,Oi1.gas,andcoa1.production,watertreatmentandtheproductionanduseofphosphateferti1.isers);andCm)andsomegammasuch55Fe,59Ni,Ni,wM99Tcf137Csa1.sobe(Np,Pu,Am,waters.Sma1.1.quantitiesofanthropogenicradionuc1.idescanbedischargedfromnuc1.earfaci1.itiestotheenvironmentasaresu1.tofauthorizedroutinere1.eases.Theradionuchdes-prcscntin1.iquidef11uentsareusua1.1.ycontro1.1.edbeingandtoapp1.icationsbewatertotheenvironmentafteruse.Anthropogenicradionuc1.idesarca1.sofoundinwatersduetocontaminationfromfa1.1.outresu1.tingfromabove-groundnuc1.eardetonationsandaccidentssuchasthosethathaveRadionudideactivityconcentrationsinwaterbodiescanvaryaccordingto1.oca1.geo1.ogica1.characteristicsandc1.imaticconditionsandcanbe1.oca1.1.yandtempora1.1.yenhancedbyc1.easesfromwatersourcescanthuscontainexisting,atactivityexposurethatcou1.d.Someahumanhea1.thrisk.TheWor1.dHea1.thOrganization(WHO)recommendstoroutine1.ymonitorradioactivityindrinkingwaters(4andtotakeproperactionswhenneededtominimizethehea1.thrisk.waters,waterbodies,and1.iquidthetobedischargedIhe1.imitsthatareThese1.imitscanvaryforp1.anned,existing,andemergencyexposuresituations.sanexamp1.e,duringeitherap1.annedorexistingsituation,theWHOguidance1.eve1.for2Z7Acindrinkingwateris0,1Bq1.-,seeNotes1andparingthewiththese1.imitsistheirbymeasuringasspecifiedbyISO/IECandbyandISO5667-20(Sj.NOTE1theva1.ue4notthedoseAnnex6datafrom(4.the6has7j.NOTE2Theguidance1.eve1.ca1.cu1.atedinReference4Jistheactivityconcentrationwithanintakeof21.d-ofcffcctivcthatforoneycarzvery-inanofriskdoseof0,1mSva-towhichisnotofthetogivetoanydetectab1.eadversehea1.theffects(4i.ThisTheContainsdescrihedintosupportcanforneedtypesofwatersAcinwaterMinormodificationssuchassamp1.evo1.umeandcountingtimecanhemadeifneededtoensurethatthecharacteristic1.imitdecisionthresho1.d,detection1.imitanduncertaintiesarcbe1.owtherequired1.imits.Thiscanbedoneforsevera1.Waterqua1.ityActinium-227Testmethodusinga1.phaspectrometryWARNINGPersonsusingthisdocumentshou1.dbefami1.iarwithnorma1.1.aboratorypractices.Thisdocumentdoesnotpurporttoaddressa1.1.ofthesafetyprob1.ems,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibi1.ityoftheusertoestab1.ishappropriatesafetyandhea1.thpracticesandtodeterminetheapp1.icabi1.ityofanyotherrestrictions.IMPORTANTItisessentia1.thattestsconductedaccordingtothisdocumentbecarriedoutbysuitab1.ytrainedstaff.1Scopewatersbya1.phaSPeetrometry.after5667-10).Fi1.trationOfandhand1.ingandnecessary.preparation(seeISO5667-1,ISO5667-3,describedindocument,Countingcurrent1.ytheavai1.ab1.ea1.phaSpectrometryprogenyapparatus,hasThedetection(0,1Bq1.-).4Thisva1.ueCanbeachievedwithacountingtimeof48hforasamp1.evo1.umeof11.canAcobtainedbyre-countingthetcchnique,approximate1.ydetectionafterapproximate1.ySamP1.C2Bq-1.beexposurcmc1.hod(三)dcscribedasinforthiswastewa1.ersand1.iquidCff1.uentsp1.annedrexistingmodificationsthatTheNormativereferencestosuspendedmatterisnotcoveredbythisdocument.constitutesrequirementsaredocument.Fordatedinreferences,on1.ySonieeditiona1.1.citedapp1.ies.contentmeasurement(GUM:1995)Uncertaintyofmeasurement-Part3:Guidetotheexpressionofuncertain1.yinterms(VIM)samp1.ingtechniques*AcFigureA.3Spikedsamp1.econtaining15mBqofzzsActracer,4mBqofzz7c,counted48hf40daysafterseparationAnnexB(normative)Preparationofa1.phasourcebye1.ectrodepositionB.1.Princip1.eADCpowersupp1.yisusedtoapp1.yavo1.tagebetweentwoe1.ectrodes,which1.eadstothereductionofto11ietthrivedfo11w8kxrfCationsdoprfsiCiineiIectro1.yte.Themeta1.reduction,thattakesp1.aceatthecathode,B.2Reagentsandapparatus8.2.1 Reagents8.2.1.1 Nitricadd,c(HN03)=15,7mo1.1.8.2.1.2 Sodiumsu1.fate,c(Na2SO)=0,3mo1.1.-.8.2.1.3 Su1.furicacid,c(H2SO4)=18mo1.1.-t.8.2.1.4 Thymo1.b1.ue,c(C27H30O5S)=8,57×104n>o1.1.8.2.1.5 AmmOnia,C(NH*0H)=14,5mo1.1.-.8.2.1.6 Su1.furicacid,c(H2SO4)=0,18mo1.1.-.8.2.1.7 Ammonia,C(NH4。H)=0,145mo1.1.-.8.2.2 Apparatus8.2.2.1 E1.ectrodepositionapparatus,genera1.1.ycomposedofthefo1.k>wing.8.2.2.2 G1.assorpo1.yethy1.enee1.ectrodepositionce1.1.8.2.2.3 P1.atinumwire(anode).c(cathode)withadiameteradaptedtothee1.ectrodepositionce1.1.8.2.2.6 Hotp1.ate.8.2.2.7 Petridish(g1.assorp1.astic).B.3Procedure8.3.1 Assemb1.yofthee1.ectrodepositionce1.1.ThisProCtothee1.ectrodepositionapparatusdesignedforsma1.1.diameterstain1.essstee1.discs(seeFigureB.1.).452 scinti1.1.ationvia1.3 disk4 capassemb1.y5 baseFigureB.1.Diagramofane1.ectrodepositionce1.1.i2Thee1.ectrodepositionprocedureforthistypeofapparatusisasfo1.1.ows: P1.acethedeananddegreasedstain1.essstee1.discinthecapassemb1.y. Assemb1.ethece1.1.withthecap. Fi1.1.thece1.1.withwatertocheckfor1.eaks. Emptythece1.1. Fixthep1.atinumanodevertica1.1.ytoitsSuppor1.Thedistancebetweentheanodeandthedisc(cathode)isapproximate1.y3mm.B.3.2Ana1.ytedepositionUsingtheso1.utionobtainedfromthepurificationsteps,carryoutthefo1.1.owingoperations.Evaporatetoneardryness;careshou1.dbetakentoavoidevaporatingthesamp1.etocomp1.etedryness.Add1m1.oftheso1.utionc(HNO3)=15,7mo1.1.1(B.2.1.1)andevaporatetoneardryness.Repea1.thisstepthreetimes.Add1m1.oftheso1.utionc(Na2SO4)=0,3mo1.1.-(B.2.1.2)andevaporatetodryness.Add0,5m1.oftheso1.utionc(H2SO4)=18mob1.(B.2.1.3).Add10m1.ofdisti1.1.edwaterand3dropsoftheso1.utionc(C27H3oOsS)三8.57×104mo1.1.1(B.2.1.4)andstir.AdjustthepHbetween2,1and2,3byaddingtheso1.utionC(NH4。H)=14,5mo1.1.(B.2.1.5)(co1.ourchangesfromredtoorange,apH-metercana1.sobeused).Introducethisso1.utionintotheC1.ec1.rodepositionce1.1.BftA!中目dMf1.cdAqtYAH8ft1.1.ihtRj1.E<rtHiJ(Nionce1.).2SO1)=0,18mo1.1.(B.2.1.6),whosePHiSSetuptheanodeandcarryoutthee1.ectrodepositionataconstantcurrent(about1,0A)forapproximate1.y1h.1.owtemperaturesimprovetheefficiencyofe1.ectrodeposition.1.owercurrentscanbeusedifthee1.ectrodepositiontimeisincreased(e,g,0,5for2h).Thishe1.psreduceoverheatingofthece1.1.Coo1.ingthece1.1.duringe1.ectrodepositioncanavoidanincreaseoftemperaturethatcan1.eadtoexcessivebubb1.ing.OneminbeforeSWitChingoffthepowersupp1.y,add1m1.oftheso1.utionc(NHOH)=14.5mo1.I(B.2.1.5).Wait1min,removetheanodebeforeswitchingoffthepowersupp1.yandquick1.yemptythece1.1.theapparatus,rinsethediscinwater,thenintheso1.utionC(NH4H)=0,145mo1.1.-FhOH(B.2.1.7),anddryitusingf1.owofhotairoronahotp1.ate.Identifythediskandp1.aceitinacontainer(e.g.Petridish).Measurethesamp1.ebya1.phaspectrometry.AnnexC(normative)Preparationofa1.phasourceby1.anthanidef1.uoridemicro-precipitationC.1.Princip1.ethinsource1.ayeroftheactinideisotopesispreparedbymicro-precipitationwithatriva1.entQ2hanideAp>atusf1.uoride(e.g.1.anthanumorcerium).Theequipmentusedfbrthecoprecipitationmethodgenera1.1.yinc1.udesthefo1.1.owing:C.2.1Ce1.1.u1.oseestermembranefi1.ter(porediameter:0r22mto0,1m,25mmdiameter).C.2.3Stain1.essstee1.discwithastickyside(thediametershou1.dbethesameasforthefi1.ter).Fi1.trationsystem.C.3ReagentsC.3.1Hydroch1.oricacid(HCI)rc(HC)三12,1mo1.1.-.C.3.2Ammonium(NHOH),C(NHH)=14.5mo1.1.-.C.3.3Titaniuin(I1.1.)trich1.orideinIiC1.so1.ution(e.g.12no1.a1.-HC1.),C(TiCI3)=0,78mo1.1.-.C.3.41.anthanideso1.ution,C(1.n3。=500gm1.-(e.g.Ceor1.a)(nitrateorch1.oridesa1.t).C.3.5Hydrof1.uoricacid(HF)so1.ution,c(HF)=28.9mo!1.-(aso1.utionofammoniumuorideF)1.tanotsamemo1.arity,canbeusedinstead).C.4ProcedureEnsurethesamp1.eisdisso1.vedwiUu1.eHCI(C.3.1)so1.utionandthattheacidmo1.arityisbetween0,01theso1.utiontoadjustthemo1.arityifneeded.Thesamp1.esha1.1.beinap1.asticcontainerthatcanbedosedvNOTETheaddmo1.aritycanbehigher,buttherecoverywi1.1.be1.ower.HNO3canbeusedinsteadofHC1.whenon1.yinterestedinactinidesthatarcusua1.1.ystab1.eatoxidationstates+3and+4suchasc3sT1.u,m3sandCm3*.Add0.1m1.oftheso1.utionc(TiCh)=0,78rno1.1.-(C.3.3).5,fckfcdimfi1.nued43andsdDKhAciHCRhswAIXenIyan(CnteCeStUdinactinidesthatarcusua1.1.ystab1.eatAdd50gof1.anthanidefromthe1.anthanideso1.utionC(1.n(NO3)3)=500gm1.-(0,1m1.)(C.3.4).Add0,5m1.ofthe28,9mo1.1.-HFso1.ution,mix,and1.etsett1.efor5min(C.3.5).Recovertheprecipitateby1.ightvacuumfi1.teringonthemembranefi1.ter.Ensurecomp1.etetransferoftheprecipitatebysuccessivewashingswithwater.Rinsethefi1.terwith1m1.to2m1.ofethano1.(C.3.6).S1.ickthewetfi1.teronmeta1.discwithastickysiderwiththeprecipitateontop.1.etthefi1.tertodryinopenairforafewminutes.Measurethesamp1.ebya1.phaspectrometry.Bib1.iography14;RaP*3NiRPmWin制IAFftmisMWiHngAftWcy,Pv自睡ofRadiationProtection.Safety2ICRP,2007)Anna1.softheICRPPub1.ication103：The2007Recommendationsoftheinternationa1.CommissiononRadio1.ogica1.ProtectionEditor.VA1.ENTINPub1.ishedforTheInternationa1.34A初TM1.W%5Ky斓侬做QM研)因W仇MiW")喇的耐对W偌跳何碗制陶倜%麻野y20114WHO,Guide1.inesforDrinking-waterQua1.ity,Fourthedition,incorporatingthefirstandsecondaddenda,Geneva,20225 松飒碎包畋侬碗幽皿刷帆帼血/痴城砍硒方喻"秘函帆fsamp1.ingdatafor6 加能叫破他iR>何以仰WJ则牺睇由瞰曲4(f1.的那施.谕称ckomintakeof7 ICRPPub1.ication119(2012)tCompendiumofdosecoefficientsbasedonICRPpub1.ication60rjb3wM淞eonj<B加丽OnHenriBecquere1.RecommendedData.Tab1.esofeva1.uateddataand9JWaterqua1.itySamp1.ingPart4:Guidanceonsamp1.ingfrom1.akes,natura1.and104劣犯/Sfq除纳依的面双榔珈明突博摩5：GuidanceonSamPIingOfdHnkingwaterfrom11ISO5667-6,Waterqua1.itySamp1.ingPart6：Guidanceonsamp1.ingofriversandstreams12jfJts5667-7,Waterqua1.itySamp1.ingPart7:Guidanceonsamp1.ingofwaterandsteaminboi1.er(13ISO5667-8,Waterqua1.itySamp1.ingPart8：Guidanceonthesamp1.ingofwetdeposition14ISO5667-9,Waterqua1.itySamp1.ingPart9：Guidanceonsamp1.ingfrommarinewaters,15ISO5667-11,Waterquu1.itySamp1.ingPart11:Guidanceonsamp1.ingOfgroundwaters116探防ro5714.1.夕'6;UW打班EdWP附加朋¼frndMgGuidanceonqua1.ityassuranceandqua1.ity17JE1.ectrodepositionofActinidesforA1.phaSpectrornetricDetermination,N.A.Ta1.vitic,Ana1.Chem.(1972),44,2：280-283