ISO TR 27925-2023.docx

TECHNICA1.REPORTISO/TR27925editionFi115t2O23-O7Carbondioxidecapture,transportationandgeo1.ogica1.storageCrosscuttingissuesF1.owassuranceCaptage,transportetstockagegeo1.ogiquedudioxydedecarboneQuestionstransversa1.esMaintiendeKecou1.ementReferencenumberISO/TR27925:2023(E)©ISO2023COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT©ISO2023IUirhM*hedbdi1.iUedotherwiseupdhi.o啪InyM1.tta0Dmk<nroni(ncm11ni10tf1.*Mqn1.C6pW11opypMRationmaytheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbe1.oworISO'smemberbodyinthecountr)oftherequester.f),WV>fifiU81.andonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone：M1.227490111觥ftte:丽丽BQrgPub1.ishedinSwitzer1.andContentsForewordIntroduction2Scope,NormativereferencesOverviewofthenecessitvnff1.nwassuranceinCCSnrnierts5.1Genera1.35.2Reasonstomaintainf1.owassurance5.3jHwentkictorsaffectingf1.owofCOponentsofCCS5.3.1Genera1.45.3.2CO2sourcesSTermsanddefinitions4056&33星1SFie1.ddistribution.Injectionwe1.1.sProvidingf1.owassurance1.nts一一5.4.1Genera1.T牺剂(m部PrOCedUreSandwork-t1.ows5.4.4OverarchingprojectmanagementF1.uidcompositionandphysica1.propertiesGenera1.C2phasebehaviourandthermophysica1.propertiesKeyfeaturesdHi若PfiIPfpuS02Phewmena>and.1.hcirmode1.1.ingIndividua1.impurities6.5.1Genera1.s4S*5C66Wnandar°nHydrogen16Oxygen178：§：6做起斛I肺斛更配6.5.Pronanenndothera1.iphaticHvdrocarhons6.S.9NitrnQRnandNU1.fUrxides17防星视耐h三WXU1.fide6.5.12Ammonta186.5.13Amines,186.5.14Benzene,to1.uene,ethy1.xy1.eneandxy1.ene6.5.16Ash,dustmeta1.sandotherparticu1.atematter6.5.17Naphtha1.ene19髓皿)hUgrganiccomp。UndS6.5.20Hydrogench1.oride,hydrogen11uorideandhydrogencyanideAZI!.IuzvA1.C19-1616.7GOneaiiongf.corOS1.V1.IaqUCOUSPhaSQS20C2specifications22Mode1.1.ingoffo11nationofcorrosiveaqueousphases22W11risationaRC哪田8就歌姬impuritiesMonitoringreactiveimpuritiesintheCO2stream23Partic1.erwearanddogging24.24.2526mrf02streampropertiesincommercia1.f1.owassurancetoo1.sJou1.eThomso11effect6.7.3ViscosityCOzpipe1.inetransportandwe1.1.injection297.1 Operationundersing1.e-phaseowconditions307.1.1 Gene1.一.一307.1.3 Fhiit1.Aamwaf-pipe1.ine.andwe1.1.317.1.4 Start-upandrestartofpipe1.inetransportandwe1.1.injection327.2 Norma1.operationunderhvo-phasef1.owconditions337.2.1 Gnera.ioftwo-phasef1.owinthepipe1.ineandwe1.1.7.2.3 Stateoftheartofmode1.1.ingtwo-phaseCO2f1.owinpipe1.inesandwe1.1.s347.2.4 Shut-downandrestart347.3 7.跋ecia1.2三Withtwo-phasef1.ow357.3.1 Depressurization357.3.2 P1.annedandun-p1.annedpipe1.inepressurere1.ease.36-Wd1.bkMoutdctcciiono77.4 Otherissucs377.41Dry1.Ceformstion37JF1.uidf1.owinstoragereservoirs40»«.*«*«*«»«8.2Dep1.etedgasreservoirs42Bib1.iography.一.48ForewordISO(theInternationa1.OrganizationforStandardization)isawor1.dwidefederationofnationa1.standardsBuchugh(ISOtnrhniroibirH)tR¼,kWpaphngbody1.ntnoi6tat(bW(no!hntart>edj<mitteehasbeenestab1.ishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationa1.organizations,governmenta1.andnongovernmenta1.,in1.iaisonwithISO,a1.sotakepartinthework.ISOco1.1.aboratesc1.ose1.ywiththee1.ectrotechnica1.standardization.Internationa1.E1.ectrotechnica1.Commission(IEC)ona1.1.mattersofTheproceduresusedtodeve1.opthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenanceare蜘砌搬oSOIEC½teM1.楣W断陶崛出幽KV蜘IMW%cordancetheeditoria1.ru1.esoftheSOIECDirectives,Part2(seewww.iso.org/directivcs).R曲拈OnHggd限fe榴n捣撼树?股脚&ns1.雅翩院R时战犯的珍doc咻曲Hte由银赧.subjectAnytradeusedinthisanypatentrightsidentifiedduringthedeve1.opmentcfxh。UoGjmonCwi1.1.beintheIntroductionand/orontheISO1.istofpatentdec1.arationsreceived(secwww.iso.org/patents).constitutenameendorsement,documentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotForanexp1.anationofthevo1.untarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsand圾G四U隅现d0waW的蝌O1.assE鹿ftinwe松抑ft1.icnBa融践EJsdead脚乩e盘www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htm1.Thisdocumentwaspreparedbytransportation,andgeo1.ogica1.storage.Technica1.CommitteeiSO/TC265.Carbondioxidecapture.Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshou1.dbedirectedtotheuser*snationa1.standardsbody.Acomp1.ete1.istingofthesebodiescanbefoundIntroductionbehaviourprovidesinsidetovesse1.sractivities,porouspipe1.inef1.owingriskana1.ysis,conditions.F1.owwe1.1.operatingcaseroftenusingf1.owassurancesoftwaretofaci1.itatetheana1.ysis.forcseeab!cgco1.ogica1.reservoirviacomponentsofF1.owassurancep1.anncdrequircdunp1.anned,demonstra1.eprcdictab1.e,injectionandstorage).injectionnetworkreservoiroperatingparametersjrequirementsnecessaryfordeterminingpipe1.ine,streamsupp1.yanddurings1.ugging,surgingandstart-upandshut-downoperations；f1.uidphasebehaviourandphysica1.propertiesasafunctionofCO2streamcomposition;P1.annedb1.owoutunp1.annedde-pressurizationofsystems,equipmentduringmaintenanceactivities.rupture,pipe1.inesboththermodynamicThethermodynarnicbehavioursofuidstransportcornponcntsuidsarcdifferencescanaCritica1.differenthydrodynamicf1.owbehaviourofthef1.ow.Therefore,f1.uidthermodynamicreservoirs,significantstoragecapacityatpressuresPermarWntCan2storageexiststwo-phaseowhydrocarbonoperations11rophaseopeningup,genera1.1.yexpecteddepressurizationpipe1.inesOrstreamWithinundergroundmentioned,reservoircomp1.exassuranceana1.ysis.Tsvo-phascmode1.1.ingcomparedtoasowassuranceinExistingcommercia1.softwaretoo1.sthevariouscomponentsofarcuti1.izedformode1.1.ingthcreservoir©ISO2023-A1.1.ri助tsreservedF1.owassurancecanbedefinedasanengineeringdiscip1.inethatisrequiredtounderstandtheassuranceoff1.uidsinputdesignpipesorsuchasmcdiaatdesignorandatstaticItemergedasanengineeringdiscip1.ineintheoi1.andgasindustryinthe1990s.F1.owassuranceana1.ysisisde1.iveredintheoi1.andgasindustrybymethodica1.numerica1.simu1.ationofeachpipe1.ineandinjection/productionInre1.ationtocarbondioxidecaptureandstorage(CCS),owassuranceseekstomaintainthecontinuoussupp1.yoftheCO2streamfromthecapturep1.ant,throughthetransportationsystemandintotheoperatingmodesofa1.1.injectionwe1.1.s.CCSprojects,isandtothatre1.iab1.eandsafe.Itachievesthisthroughana1.ysisoftheCOzstreamf1.owingasaf1.uidinthevariouscomponentsofaCCSproject'ssystems,fromcapturethroughtogeo1.ogica1.storage(capture,transport,Someofthekeyissuesofinterestaddressedbyf1.owassuranceana1.ysisinc1.ude:thetota1.we1.1.andprojecthydrau1.iccapacitymanagementoftransientoperations,suchasthosecausedbyvaryinginjectionrates,varyingCO2therma1.managementundervariousoperationa1.scenariostoensurethatthevariationsoff1.uidtemperaturearewithintheoperatingconstraintsofthesystem；hydratemanagementandcontro1.,resu1.tingfromIou1.e-Thomsoneffectssuchaspressuredropacrosspressurereducingva1.ves,orificep1.atesandowmeteringdevices；andwe1.1.andorcontro1.1.edventingofpipe1.ineandsuchasthatresu1.tingfrompipe1.ineMostoftheaboveissuescanbeaddressedbydedicatedf1.owassurancemode1.1.ingSoftWareandtoo1.s,whichorwe1.1.smode1.1.e<i.andpropertiesandintechnica1.propertiesofsuchaspositionandtheirassociatedamountorconcentration.Significantdifferencesinthermt>dynamicbehaviouroff1.uidofdifferentcompositionsCanbeobservedandthesepropertiesare1.eadtoinputtothemode1.s.ExistingCCSponentshasmain1.ybeen1.imitedtosing1.ephaseCOz.Givenwhichcanbeinitia1.1.ysuitab1.eforwhereCO2CObesubjecttoindep1.etedconditions,theCOzstreaminthepipe1.ineandinjectionwe1.1.canbesubjecttotwo-phasef1.owconditions,i.e.acombinationoftwoCO2phases,gasand1.iquid.Two-phaseowcana1.sooccurduringtransientreservoirssuchf1.owisc1.osinginorinvo1.vingtheofinjectedCOzwe1.1.s,aswe1.1.asformationf1.uidsthatwi1.1.havetobemobi1.ized.Faci1.itatingunhinderedf1.owoftheCO2steamsinCCSprojectsrequirestheinc1.usionofreservoirf1.uids(natura1.gas,waterorcrudeoi1.)andre1.evantprocessesinthestorageareamoreinthef1.owcha1.1.engeforf1.owassuranceowcases,suchintheexamp1.esoi1.andgastransportationandinjection/productionwe1.1.infrastructure.andunp1.annedoperationmodesforforf1.owassuranceana1.ysistheCCSsystem,inc1.udingp1.annedmanagementcomponent.Thesetoo1.spredictf1.uidbehaviourandpropertiesintheoperatingsystem.AshnU而由面。drihnHrur6qu1.rbspsptIitsucjiakt±k)6配面Rkth(K1.raaa>mpffsiti0tiservsd1.hydnc1.9petatmgconditionswhichinc1.ude： steady-stateandtransientprocesses; sing1.e-phaseandmu1.tiphasef1.ow; pressure,temperature,phasefraction,ve1.ocity,etc,andtheirdistributioninspaceandtime;and distributionofuidphasecompositionsinbothtimeandspace.KeyYpressure,p(MPa)Figure7COzviscosity(10-5Pas)asafunctionofpressureandtemperaturenecessityaninputparametercompressionstations.in1.etfu1.1.yend-of-the-pipepressuresandtheeva1.uateInjectingpressurestemperaturesdensityintostoragerreservoirsandexpansiondecreaseofviscosityatthereservoirStiucture1.oweringpoint,affect1.ayering,heterogeneities,Changesthereservoir.Dependingonnitrogenandreservoirs,1.owerviscosityofCOzStreamsstreams.Givenmixingtheseimpuritiesgases,e.g.Howcverjmpactf1.uidphaseCncounterscon1.actdisp1.accsbetwcenonerviscosityContrastsfingeringimportant.heterogeneityandaquifer,interp1.ayReference41ReservoirSimii1.ationsforcespredictionsshapethep1.umeanumberCO2richEoSs.ThehavevaryingtheseEoSsintobethewithexperimenta1.dataorbycomparisonwithreferenceEoSs,whereavai1.ab1.e.Basedonquantifieduncertainties,operationa1.windowisdeve1.opedwithmarginagainstphaseenve1.ope. theuncertaintyofphysica1.propertiesofCO2richmixturescanbo1.argeforcertainsituations； thecoup1.ingwiththef1.ownearwe1.1.-borereservoirishand1.ed;In7.1.2to7.1.4,thepressurepu1.sationduetothefastc1.osureofava1.ve(f1.uidhammer)andtheissuesassociatedwithshut-inandrestartarediscussedindetai1.Anychangeinf1.owve1.ocityinapipe1.ineinducesachangeinpressure.Thesuddenshutdownofapumporc1.osureofa1.oca1.cavityf1.uidwhichinvo1.ve1.argef1.ow),hydrau1.icand(pressurevibrationsandexcessiveowosci1.1.ations.Thisphenomenonisca1.1.edthef1.uidhammereffect.Theawavamp1.indeitduetrave1.ve1.ocitysystemcanbeandthenbethemode1.proposedinReference(44,Thepressurewavepropagationinthesystemcanbesimu1.atedbyusingtheexistingf1.owassurancetoo1.s,seeReference42.is1.essthansituations,thereis10%)itt1.eThisistheva1.vewithonthethattheva1.veunti1.theva1.vetobesma1.1.enoughbeforethereisanysignificantpressuredropacrosstheva1.veandcorrespondingreductioninowve1.ocity.Thef1.uidhammercanbemitigatedbyincreasingthec1.osuretimeoftheBeforeashut-downoperation,thef1.uidtemperaturedistributiona1.ongthetransportandinjection1.inef1.owonthetoo1.scanbein1.ettoestimatethepressureandsystemdistributionoftheCO2streaminpipe1.inesandwe1.1.s.TheCOzstreamduringnorma1.operationsisnotintherma1.equi1.ibriumwiththesurroundings.Theshut-downoperationwi1.1.introducevariationsofthef1.uidsystem.Theshut-downoperationofaCO2pipe1.inetransportandinjectionsystemcanbeachievedbydifferent c1.osureofpipe1.ineandwe1.1.separate1.yandatthesametime,whichcanbecarriedoutby: c1.osureoftheva1.veatthepump/compressor1.ocation,thewe1.1.headva1.veandthebottomho1.echokeatthesametime; c1.osureofsing1.ewe1.1.swithoutc1.osureoftherestofthesystem(formu1.tip1.e-we1.1.system),whichcanbecarriedoutbyc1.osureOfwe1.1.headva1.ve.1(2H1.(5(678J91011(12131448Bib1.iographyISOTR27918,1.ifecyc1.eriskmanagementforintegratedCCSprojectsRuttersH.,FischerS.,1.eQ.H.,BettgeD.,Bass1.erR.1MassmannJ.,Ostertag-HenningC.,Wo1.fJ.1.,PumpaM.,1.UbenaUU.,KnauerS.,JaegerP.1NeumannA”SvenssonK.,Po1.1.mannandstorage.Internationa1.Journa1.ofGreenhouseGasContro1.114：103589.雅朗科im*Hsh松自湫阳Cff班楹湖da油删搬Rar就触册四脚机stresses.Internationa1.Journa1.ofGreenhouseGasContro1.,vo1.62,pp.130141Ju1.y201/.M(S用mA温曲EUfe1.deSt1.总足部队微衲CkIe现曲惘ht褓MJa疵乂献JW晟制版胡可,theS1.eipnerFie1.d,NorthSea,Joumaof,Geophysica1.ResearchSo1.idEarth,121:5068-5085,doi：10.10022016JB012895.由«WerS割Bn的崎R酬KtfeW热H5三i1.de2胸3E位RheHyRing为seinjectingHff1.>,storing1MtC02inthe11uvia1.TubSenFm.EnergyProcedia37:3565-3573.rymatchingSTWhvi硼曲照FWwessessrt咻蝴1K绸加他碗1¾睡他oftheinjectionwe1.1.pressureovera32-monthsperiod.EnergyProcedia37：3267-3274.谶鬻檎S½翻懒三物翩嬲螂撼三螂瞬嬲MEC,20081.ECandRegu1.ation(EC)No1013/2006.WW三(W硼RieS做(tiortfeK喇桶能蝌ati8屈Ki1.ationforNatura1.Gases.RuhrUniversitatBochumr40pages.镰槛鬻（½熊麒三MMi,CaIA佩IoU蝴蝌陶幅被卯ds础黑嬲榭蝴鲤触硒产喉痛MA%°1.三脚三喇d跚潮嚅滩嬲翻«曲三曲襟施丽僦的三由Y快也用RMrbonB柩1.视部VJfhn*½ft1./钝0格!1消桶6:1186IgnSiHonin1.iquidandSpanR.,WagnerW.,ANewEquationofStateforCarbonDioxideCoveringrheF1.uidRegionRg用Vcperatureto1100KatPressuresupto800MPa.J.Phys.Chem.Ref.FenghourWAWakeham,V.Vesovic(1998):,TheViscosityofCarbonDioxide.J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data.27,1:31-44.1517【现2022232527291303133equationK1.imcckWagnerW.JaeschkeTcchnica1.Monograph.GERG2004wide-rangereferenceMixtures,Dissertation,Ruhr-UnivcrsitStBochum,2018.03f>v1.sin¼-thnka1.-zvewiew=2020-2-1.df1.Htpswww.ca1.sep.conwp-contentup1.oads2021Mi1.tif1.ash%2OCPA%2Orev!fi1.es/whrtepapers/Gas%2OHydFa<es%20Mo<ie1.1.ig%20with%2OIssuesCO2streamcompositionf1.uid-structure.doiorg/10.1016pstruc.2012.01.004fracture.ComputStruct2012:94-Pipe1.ineConference,Norwegianoffshorecarboncaptureandstorage.In:13thInternationa1.RP-F104,February2021.Mor1.anddcnse2015)r*Corrosionthesisr2UnivcrsityPiPCHnu:APrHeffectofdisso1.vedandfreeContentofCO2Streams.Processes2021,91.570.MorIandAcidSo1.ubi1.ityinDenseSvenningsenIndustria1.&EngineeringChemistryResearch2019rY.1.2008).E.D.rHendriks2Barriorecommendations,Internationa1.Ioiirna1.1.i1.jemarkGreenhouseGaIIoHerronParameters,Report2013).DOE/N/NET1.-341/011212,energjrNationa1.studiesEnergycOTcchno1.ogyTheCarbonNETProject,2016).Deve1.opmentofaCO2specificationforaCCShubnetwork.PeterheadCCS,Project(2016).KunzO.,ofs1.ateforR.natura1.gases.GERGM.f2005The16)HerrigS,2018)NewHe1.mho1.tz-EnergyEquationsofStateforPureF1.uidsandCCSRe1.evantBanutiD.T.rRajuM.rIhmeM.2017):,Onthecharacterizationoftranscritica1.f1.uidstates.CenterforTurbu1.enceResearchAnnua1.ResearchBriefs2017:165178.18Ca1.sep2021:PVTSimtechnica1.ZhangX.rNunoPedrosa,RichardSzczepanski2016:Gashydratesmode1.1.ingwithCPA.https:/www.kbc.g1.oba1.up1.oads.pdfISO/TR27921,Carbondioxidecapture,transportation,andgeo1.ogica1.storageCrossCutting21NordhagenH.0.,KragsetS.,BerstadT.,MorinA.,DorumC.,MunkejordS.T.fAnewcoup1.ed95:13-21.httpdxmodd1.ingmethodo1.ogyforrunningducti1.eGrubenG.1.Macdona1.dK.,MunkejordS.T.,SkarsvAgH.1.rDumouiinS,Pipe1.inefracturecontro1.conce