ISO TR 27922-2021.docx

TECHNICA1.REPORTISO/TR27922editionFirst2021-02CarbondioxidecaptureOverviewofcarbondioxidecapturetechno1.ogiesinthecementindustryCQPtQgedudioxydedecarboneVued'ensemb1.edestechno1.ogiesdeCQptagedudioxydedecarbonedansVindustrieducimentReferencenumberISO/TR27922:2021(E)COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT©ISO2021岫rkdea/山thUcdOthcnviscjft<c三orrtmcehDVBiwixuioiti08phnn11UatiocBhr<1.>hotoc<>p)Mng,ptbcatonpostingontheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanherequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbe1.oworIS<smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.%,tft晒Iandonnet8CH-1214*crnicr,GenevaPhone：M1.22749O1.11Pub1.ishedinSwitzerhndContentsForewordivitroductionScone.v11.3Normativereferences1Termsanddefinitions4CO2andthecementIndUStry4.1Cementmanufacture.14.2CO2emissionsfromIhCcementindustry.34.2.1PPdtion6stiturtno4.2.3Combustionemissions43U4.2.4Emissionscomparedtoothersectors45OVerVieWofCO2canturetechno1.ogies55.1AbsorDtionwithaminesC5.2Absorptionwithchi1.1.edammonia5.4Soiybnttbasedc(ibuspt)ontechno1.ogytecbnk)gies5.5S6Pressureswingadsorptionseparationtechno1.og),Si4DAratinnwithmmhm119-.861.Overviewandassessment136.1AssessmentfactorsofCO2canturetechno1.ncies136.2Casestudyoftechno1.ogica1.andeconomiceva1.uationofCO2capturetechno1.ogies-147Fina1.considerations15Bib1.iography17ForewordISO(theInternationa1.OrganizationforStandardization)isawor1.dwidefederationofnationa1.standardsttiugh(ISOtnnhnfaoibiftnitfsvcekWppbcngbodyinmcDetif1.KiaftStandibjteGnUedwdtmitteehasbeenestab1.ishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationa1.organizations,governmenta1.andnon-governmenta1.,in1.iaisonwithISO,a1.sotakepartinthework.ISOco1.1.aboratesc1.ose1.ywiththee1.ectrotechnica1.standardization.Internationa1.E1.ectrotechnica1.Commission(IEC)ona1.1.mattersofTheproceduresusedtodeve1.opthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenanceare9瑟料福也搬OfISO1.EC(陶曲俺奥小卜如伏孤口监力硼解ftH煦物IM阳fer%cordance&Fhtheeditoria1.ru1.esoftheISO/IECDirectives.Part2(seewww.iso.org/direc1.ives).时歌ionrightsd般掂棚1小嬲脚瞅雌nsi搬球出觎蝌制刊曲ocBMX&鼠犍赧.subjectofanypatentrightsidentifiedduringthedeve1.opmerUW4io÷uwMM41.beintheIntroductionand/orontheISO1.istofpatentdec1.arationsreceived(seewww.iso.org/pa1.ents).Anytradeusedinthisconstitutenameendorsement.documentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotForanexp1.anationofthevo1.untarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsand哪蝴蜘明瓶ationc。的福P奥酿睢帕he3iMHi潴IW箱tion南版淮IS)华哂瞬聊硼isoforeword.htn1.Thisdocumentwaspreparedbytransportation,andgeo1.ogica1.storage.Technica1.CommitteeISO/TC265,Carbondioxidecapture,Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshou1.dbedirectedtotheuser,snationa1.standardsbody.Acomp1.ete1.istingofthesebodiescanbefoundatwwwHett1.¼H¾4u1.Introductioninfrast11cturebui1.dprovideschoo1.s,sanitationworkp1.aces,roads,rai1.waysimportantports,qua1.itycreatestrong,materia1.sforconcreteareabundantf1.oodsavai1.ab1.einmostpartsexibi1.itytoConcreteaffordab1.e.CementdemandusedHianufacturethereforefordescribedexpectedg1.ueincrease,bytheaggregatestogether.Increasingcementg1.oba1.production.Theurbanisationconcretepatternscementinfrastructuredeve1.opmentmoreefficient,productioncarbonfootprintindustryisthetargetsemitterOfParisworidwide.TmittedtodecarbonizationCO2cement.c)inkernorma1.cementproductionProeeSSeS,correspondingtoemissions2areS00theavai1.abi1.ityCCnWntIhCSea1.ternativesis1.imited,andtherep1.acementpotentia1.isa1.so1.imited(dependingonRep1.acementofcarbon-basedfudsasbyCOnoncarbonbascdcontribute1.oweringtherma1.intensityfromdirectwayemissionsduringemissionsproductioncapturingCOthatemissionsre1.atedproductionenergyproduction).permanent1.yintensityre-used.Themanufacture,asadditiona1.equipmentneededtypica1.1.yincreasesthebeyondthescopethisdocument.demonstrationprojectsincementcompaniesparticipateprojectsPrOVidereSeach,deve1.opmentand/orsummarizesthesetechno1.ogiesCompansoncurrent1.ydifTcrentdevc1.opmen1.This1.echno1.ogiesrSupp1.cmentsandtechno1.ogyoptionsandotherre1.evantaspects.Concreteisthemost-usedmanufacturedsubstanceonthep1.anetintermsofvo1.ume.Forexamp1.e.usedtotohomes,deanWater,hospita1.s,andenergy.Theseareandforandtoof1.iferpub1.ichea1.th,andsocia1.andeconomicwe1.1.-being.Rawdurab1.eandresi1.ienttofire,andandpests.Ithastheofthewor1.d,produceiscomp1.exandmassivestructures.Thereiscurrent1.ynoothermateria1.thatisavai1.ab1.einthequantitiesnecessarytomeetthedemandforbui1.dingsandinfrastructure.Theisforconcrete,andconcrete.Itiscement,asthetothatbinds12%to23%by2050comparedto2014,aseconomiescontinuetogrow,especia1.1.yinASia.g1.oba1.popu1.ation,useofandandexpectedbecomewi1.1.increa:andconcretepoursa1.theapp1.icationphaseareexpectedtodecrease.Thecementsectorfacesthecha1.1.engeofmeetinganincreasingdemandforitsproductwhi1.ecuttingdirectCOzemissionsfromitsreducetheir7).Thecementtomeeta1.argeoftheCOzAgreement*onc1.imateisProcessemissionsarisingfromtheproductionofcementc1.inkerpresentafundamenta1.cha1.1.engetorangeof500kgof/tonneInto540kgCOz/tonnedinke11these250kgCOtoinkgCOzpertonneofcementdependingonthetypeofcement.Rep1.acementof1.imestoneasrawmateria1.switha1.ternativerawmateria1.swith1.owercarbonatecontentcanreducetheseprocessemissions,butrequiredofqua1.ities).CombustionemissionsareanothercontributortoCOzemissionsinadditiontotheprocessemissions.biomasssources(beingconsidered2neutra1.)wi1.1.energytosourcesandCarbonenergytheenergysupp1.yforthecementindustryinthefuture.OnetoreduceCO2theIsprocess2andre1.easedinthe1.oca1.ofcement(bothCO2captureisanemergingapproachforCO2abatementinthecementindustry.ItmeansthatCO2arisingfromthecombustionoffue1.sandfromthetreatmentofrawmateria1.scou1.dbecapturedandspecificenergyStQredorofcementintegrationofCO2CaPtUeenergyistooperatetheCO2capturep1.ant,fo1.1.owedbydrying,purificationandcompressionofthecapturedCOzfortransportation,(geo1.ogica1.)storageand/oruti1.ization7.CO2transportation,(geo1.ogica1.)storageanduti1.izationarcTodate,no1.arge-sca1.eCOzCaPtUringtechno1.ogieshavebeeninsta1.1.edinthecementindustry.However,differenttechno1.ogiesareunderdeve1.opmenttosupportthecementindustryinachievingtheirobjectives.Variousthefie1.dofCO2capture.Theseinonemoreusefu1.informationabouttheapp1.icationofthevarioustechno1.ogiesinthecementindustry.Tofaci1.itateassessmentandthatareoftheunderCOzcapturingsummarythisdocumentupdatestheinformationprovidedinISO/TR27912:2016,C1.ause10oncapturefromcementproductionprocesses.Thisdocumentwi1.1.informthecementindustryandtheirstakeho1.dersonCO2capture2000(hptatW唧IantqhMttMHfu0ttnQ(½rettwatnrp(H由唔Ihinyoikiuocje4O(B(CthtmcyorB4母;aboutthesep1.antsbeing1.ocatedinAsia.CO2captureimp1.ementationinthecementindustryatg1.oba1.1.eve1.wou1.dneedatransportandstorageinfrastructuretofaci1.itatethedecarbonizationofcementp1.ants哪tfg盟i6M婕朗1%Ca1.限丽gecost包0R6'钳%涮即faci瞄f曲锯try.withtheinvestmentsinCOzCarbondioxidecaptureOverviewofcarbondioxidecapturetechno1.ogiesinthecementindustry1Scopedioxide(COz)thatisgeneratedduringcementmanufacture.Thisdo<,umentmakers).app1.icab1.etoorganizationsinvo1.vedinthecementindustryandotherstakeho1.dersNormativereferencesnotaddressCO2transport,CO2storageorCO2uti1.ization.constitutesrequirementsaredocument.Fordatedinreferences,on1.ySomeeditiona1.1.citedapp1.ies.contentCUtting27917,Carhondioxidecapture,transportationandgeo1.ogica1.storageVocabu1.aryCross3 Termsandde11nitionsISOandIECmaintaintermino1.ogica1.databasesforUSeInSIandardIZationatthefo1.1.owingaddresses:IECE1.ectropedia:avai1.ab1.eathttp：/www.e1.ertropedia.org4 COzandthecementindustry4.1 CementmanufacturegrindingDifferentIawcomponentsareproducecement.Figurehomogeneousthepowder,frommanufacturingstrength!?).3划UWt比，角211则"！1"11&Thisdocumentprovidesanoverviewoftechno1.ogiesthatareunderdeve1.opmenttocapturecarbonThisdocumentisintendedtoinformusersaboutthedifferenttechno1.ogies,inc1.udingthecharacteristics,thematurityandtheboundariesofthesetechno1.ogies.(e.g.po1.icyisThisdocumentaddressestechno1.ogiesforCO2capturethathavepotentia1.app1.icationsinthecement2industry.ThisdocumentdoesThefo1.1.owingdomentsofthisreferredinthetextsuchawaythattheoroftheirForundatedreferences,the1.atesteditionofthereferenceddocument(inc1.udinganyamendments)app1.ies.ISOtermsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO27917app1.y.ISOOn1.inebrowsingp1.atform:avai1.ab1.eathttps:/www.iso.org/obpCementmanufactureisathree-stageprocess:rawma4ate-preparationrc1.inkerproductionandc1.inkercementwithothermateria1.stomixedandmi1.1.edintoa1i1.1.ustratesprocesswhichc1.inkerisproducedinhigh-temperatureki1.nswheredirectemissionsofCOZoccur.Ca1.ciumoxidefromtheca1.cinationOf1.imestoncisaprecursortotheformationofca1.ciumsi1.icatesthatgivescementitsKey2crushing1.imestone11ca1.cination-burningrawmea1.toc1.inker3storageandpre-homogenizatonofrawmateria1.12coo1.ing4otherrawmateria1.s13c1.inkerstorage5rawmi1.1.14secondar>radditives6fi1.terandchimney15cementmi1.1.s7rawmea1.homogenization16cementstorage8preheating17CementdiSPa1.Ch9pu1.verizedcoa1.Ifitransportationbybu1.korbagsFigure1CementmanufacturezjC1.inkerisgroundtogetherwithgypsumtoproducecement.Dependingontherequiredtechnica1.即fpurtks&fnh出PwPIwwciHjQdMmW11db1.ciUidmUaXWiibhstdifTcrentcementtypes.Cementcanheproducedattheki1.nsite,oratseparategrindingorb1.endingp1.ants.B1.endedcementsor"combinations"cana1.sobeproduceda1.theconcretep1.ant.Thecementmaking,8SPS891RdequiVfifHff.contro1.ofthechemica1.formu1.ationandinvo1.vesmu1.tip1.estepsthat4.2COzemissionsfromthecementindustry4.2.1 ProductionprocessdescriptionFigure2schematica1.1.yshowstheprocessstepsofcementmanufacture.TherearetwomainsourcesofdirectCOzemissionsintheproductionprocessofcement:ca1.cinationofrawmateria1.sinthepyro-processingstage(60%to70%ofdirectCO2emissionsresu1.tingfromthechemica1.breakdownOf1.imestonewhenitisheatedtohightemperature);andcombustionofki1.nfue1.s(30%to40%ofdirectCO2emissions).F1.uegasinthecementindustryhasare1.ative1.yhighCO2content(typica1.1.y20%toabout30%CO2).OtherCO2sourcesinc1.udedirectgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsfromnon-ki1.nfue1.s(e.g.dryersfor陈胡触GBR喇嘛卵6三自gr股暇na1.h曲洲妒n节除根f1.鄙血de涧用MAP啾IkQ暝鞭惊而陶血RawRM1.erUISUPP1.yCaicnt5onrhcrmaien<r>K1.cctrtcityQUJ11)511g4刈4CnAhiDC4andIitroUSOXide(NzO),emissioFue1.prr>ar(ionCakt-(UtionIhcrru1.energy»：-t11cixyCrathsnf.Chnd1.r1.C.sofnonCO21.reRnhOUSREaSeSafneg1.igib1.e!.R3wnutcr1.preparationCa1.cS-11XonThImVE1.ectricityGnnding41.1.o>-gcn山ng4Dryingor如FryEC1.inkerproductionPyropro<e3inOkirutionTbenrvi1.rneryEtec-i11h.a!I1.CHbOrU7-MionOmkef1.AgCo<1.ir<.Oki-MWnTMmuIenergyE1.K-ECttyCrushingOryE1.S.*CementKriMiI工QJd-rwh<>RTherma1.E1.ecIrtc1.tyGcndr.Jcr<i.rgAdditivepreparationB皿EICtransportO1.dIW1.k>AT<r11(yE1.<c.KeyZMrQie三xwttiv(3:tw»iFigure2-ProcessstepsincementmanufacturewithindicationofCO2emissionsources(i'1.1.2 Processemissionsfromca1.cinationInthec1.inkerproductionprocess,CO2isre1.easedfromthechemica1.decompositionofca1.ciumcarbonates,magnesiumcarbonatesandothercarbonates(e.g.from1.imestone)into1.imebyheatinguptherawmateria1.stoabove900:CaC3+heatCaO+COzMgCO3+heatMgO+CO2j1.t¾ff>cessisca1.1.ed"ca1.cining*or"ca1.cination".Itresu1.tsindirectCOzemissionsthroughtheki1.n1.1.3 CombustionemissionsThecementindustrytraditiona1.1.yusesvariousfossi1.fue1.stooperatecementki1.ns,inc1.udingcoa1.,PetMItuufkeUmbaifossi1.fuak侬WheSeFUOftatUhhUe1.dartctrtinS(Wf1.bimportantaswasteoi1.andp1.astics,aswe1.1.asbiomass-derivedfractionssuchaswastewoodanddewatereds1.udgefromwastewatertreatment.Furthermore,fue1.swhichcontainbothfossi1.andbiogeniccarbon0三但曲怆福】谪怖照g1.y三1.庶燧舟G丹阳辨Wft1.e删用Sft1.ii4a1.u硼物靓位劭1M<1.ria1.rubber)11.1.1.4 EmissionscomparedtoothersectorsDuetothenatureoftheproductionprocess(combustion,ca1.cinationfor1.imestoneandthedryingofrawpcejidsXciwrma1.exhaustBSnfArto*>tyis11tdirtrnign1.haratijerizedd1.ffetctfro11ttewwdtpfit>u6tionconditions,suchasf1.uegascomposition,temperature,anddustandmoisturecontent.Consequent1.y,(standard)COacapturetechno1.ogiesarenotnecessari1.yapp1.icab1.einthecementindustry.4.3 CO2purificationaftercaptureForCOztransport.CO2storageand/orCOzuti1.ization,purity1.eve1.sabove96%COzarerecommended.tKftmd811M)iIdWgwreVithaVtwbh1»ItginE;由eIt灿裁Jfde神)(1e3明眈曲班渺nnashappjrop很tionxd<1.reduceinvestmentand/orenergyuse.High-pressuref1.ashseparationcanbeattractive,astheproducedCO2f1.owwi1.1.becompressedbeforetransportSimi1.ar1.y,separationby1.ow-temperature1.iquefactionof用晒Wbea则悔鲍购thp帆Cgyt1Wt1.的ItfiCatiO擀曲睢IeaPtUrrCO砂砌蟒ecifica1.1.yaddressedinthisdocument.4.4 Abatementtechno1.ogiesingenera1.Fordecades,severa1.CO2emissionabatementtechno1.ogiesandmeasureshavebeenusedinthecementindustrytoreducetheprocessandcombustionemissions.Theygenera1.1.yfa1.1.intofourcategoriesp):a) Improvingenergyefficiency:dep1.oyingexistingstate-of-the-arttechno1.ogiesinnewcementp1.antsandretrofittingexistingfaci1.itiestoimproveenergyperformance1.eve1.swheneconomica1.1.yviab1.e.b) *iWbm侬财山t3bmmeAe1.sa*a11山的atMa1.sft如山TbORGnUmkkdNmQffw?HttonaIeonS1.f呻Sibnoffossi1.fue1.s.Uti1.izingwastes,inc1.udingbiogenicandnonbiogenicwastesources,whichwou1.dotherwisebesenttoa1.andfi1.1.site,burntinincineratorsorimproper1.ydestroyed.c) 邺叨ftntt能依E1.ements,B5aseincinga6必QI炖nrequ峰Bmawy6M砸rk/ementorpercubicmetreofconcreteproduced.d) Usingemergingandinnovativetechno1.ogiesthat:contributetothedecarbonisationofe1.ectricitygenerationbyadoptingwasteheatrecoverytechno1.ogiestogeneratee1.ectricityfromrecoveredtherma1.energy,whichwou1.dotherwisebeUMttMafiipmttheadoptionofrenewab1.e-basedpowergenerationtechno1.ogies,suchasso1.arintegratecarbondioxidecaptureintothecementmanufacturingprocessfor1.ong-1.astingorpermanentstorage；integratecarbondioxidecaptureandre-usefornewproducts,inc1.udingrecarbonationofconcreteandminera1.isationof(recyc1.ed)aggregates.3-ectC01hiftniwgedutfwwipoftc1.(1.hsw9QSte-ersoptionsft1.U'aysiAWr,cttoee)n<JMr)ntfM4du1.fygenera1.1.yrequiresgreaterspecifictherma1.energyande1.ectricityduetotheirhighermoisturecontentthanfossi1.fue1.s,theoperationoftheki1.nwithincreasedinputofambientaircomparedtoCOnVentiOna1.fossi1.fue1.sandthepre-treatmentofa1.ternativefue1.sp.5OverviewofCOzcapturetech