IEC TR 61292-4-2023.docx

IECIECTR61292-4Edition4.02023-01TECHNICA1.REPORTco1.ourinsideOptica1.amp1.ifiers-Part4:Maximumpermissib1.eoptica1.powerforthedamage-freeandsafeuseofoptica1.amp1.ifiers,inc1.udingRamanamp1.ifiersATHISPUB1.ICATIONISCOPYRIGHTPROTECTEDCoPyright©2023IEC1Geneva,Switzer1.andAJ1.rightsresec伯d.UnteesO1.herWigespecified,nopartofthisPUb1.iCabonmaybereproducedoruti1.izedinanyformOfAanymeans,e1.ectronicormeca11<ca1.,inc1.udingpoxx>opyigandmcro1.m,WAhOSpermissioninwntngfromeitherIECofIECmemberNationa1.Committeeinthecountryoftherequester.IfycuhaveanyquestionsaboutIECcopyrighthaveanenquiryaboutOb1.aningancona1.rightStothsPUbtCagn.pte-ascontacttheaddressM11oryour1.oca1.IECmc11crNatKXI霖COmn1.inC«f<xfurtheri11formatkx.IECSeaeiariaiTd.:412291902113.ruedeVarembe,M<*cchCH-1211Geneva20*ww.iec.chSWtZedBndAbouttheIECTheInternabona1.tectrotech11>ca1.Commtsskxi(IEC)isth©1.eadinggot>a1.organizationthatpreparesandpunishes1.n½f11abona1.Standards1.ota1.1.e1.ectricai.Gectronicandre1.atedIechnoksgies.AboutIECpub1.icationsThetechnica1.contortdIECpub1.ications»$keptunderconstantreviewbyIbCIECP1.cascmakesurothatyouhavethe1.atestedition,a<xrendumoranamendmentfnhthavebeenpuUed.IECpub1.icationssearchwcbstorc.icc.chadvscarchformTheadvancedsearchenab1.estofindIECpub1.icationst>yaIafteCyotcriteria(referencenumber,texttechnica1.oommitt<jo.1.Kateogivesinformabo11onprojects,rep1.acedarriw!hdrav,npub1.ications.IECJustPub1.ished-webstore.iec.ch,Justpub1.tshedStayuptodaU?onoi1.nowIECPUbhaItiOns.JUStPuMshodde1.atea1.1.newpub1.>cat3reteased.Avai1.ab1.eon1.ineandCnCeamonthbyemai1.IECCustomerServiceCentre-webstore.1.ec.chescIfyouwhtogrveuyourfeedbackonthispub1.icationorneedfurtherasstsia11,p1.easecontacttheCustomerServiceCnure.sates©»ec.ch.IECProducts&ServicesPor1.a1.products.icc.chDiscoverourPCWCrfU1.soarcengineandrc<×Jfree1.ya1.1.mCPuWkcatkxispreviews.WithaSuOecnpt1.onyouMIatwa>shaveaccessiouptoda1.eco11W11ttai1.oredtoyourneeds.EIaetrOPed3www.Hectropedia.orgTheVVOfIcfsIeadngon1.inedictionaryondectrotechno1.ogy,nia11ingmorethan22300trm11otogica<entriesinEng1.shandFrench,withequcvaie!termsin19additiona1.1.anguages.A1.soKnOWnasteInternationa1.Etectfotechnica1.Vocabu1.ary(IEV)oi11o.IECIECTR61292-4Edition4.02023-01TECHNICA1.REPORTco1.ourinsideOptica1.amp1.ifiers-Part4:Maximumpermissib1.eoptica1.powerforthedamage-freeandsafeuseofoptica1.amp1.ifiers,inc1.udingRamanamp1.ifiersINTERNATIONA1.E1.ECTROTECHNICA1.COMMISSIONICS33.160.10;33.1M.30ISBN978-2-8322-6339-6Warning!Makesurethatyouobtainedthispub1.icationfromanauthorizeddistributor.RcoaC<8HadWTUrt1.cfroIrsFsaJ8c11nh*3J8rm44iocCONTENTSFOREWORD4INTRODUCTION61 Scope72 Normativereferences73 Terms,do1irwt1.ocs.andabbreviatedterms83.1 Termsanddefinitions.832Abbreviatedterms84 Maximumtransmissib1.eoptica1.powertokeepfibresdamage-free84.1 Genera1.84.2 Fibrefuseanditspropagation94.3 1.ossifXjuccdheatingatconnectorsorsp1.ices104.4 4ConncckxCndfaCe(IarnagCinducedbydust,contamination114.5 Fibreatbum,m1.tinducedbytightfibrebending134.6 Summaryofthefibredamage145 Maximumtransmissib1.eoptica1.powertokeepeyesandskinsafe155.1 Maximumtransmtssib1.exposure(MPEonthesurfaceofeyeandskin155.2 Maximumpermissib1.eoptica1.POWerthefibreforthesafetyofeyeandskin155.2.1 POwerIimit15522NeedforAPR165.2.3 Wave1.engths175.2.4 1.ocations17525Nomina1.ocu1.arhazarddistance(NOHD)175.2.6 POWarreductiontimes175.2.7 Medica1.aspectsofthesafetyofeyesandskininexistingstandards186 Maximumoptica1.powerpermissibteforoptica1.amp1.ifiersfromtheviewpointoffibredamageaswe1.1.aseyeandskinsafety197 Conc1.usion19AnnoxA(informative)Genera1.informationforoptica1.fibrefuse20A.1Introductoryremark20A-2Generatingmechanism20A.3Voidfortnationmechanism24A4Propagationcharacteristicofafibreiu$e24A5Preventionandtermination26A5.1Genera1.26A52Preventionmethods26A53Terminationmethods27A.6Additiona1.safetyinformation29A7Conc1.usion29Bib1.iography30Figure 1 -Experimenta1.setupforIibrCfusepropagation9Figure 2 -Connection1.ossversustemperatureincrease11Figure 3 -Testset-up11Figure 4 -Surfacenditionntamiatedwihmeta1.Ii1.mgs.beforethetest12Figure 5 -VariationofPOWGrattenuationduringts1.atsevera1.powerinputva1.uesfoep1.ugscontaminatedwithmeta1.fSngs13Figure 6 -Pofcshingsurfacenditionntami11atedwithmeta1.fiSng.aftertest13Figure 7 -ThemoVieWerimageoftight1.ybentSMFMhoptica1.POWerOf3Wa1.148Onm14Figure 8 -Temperatureo1thecoatingsurfaceofSMFsagainstbedgwithoptica1.powrof3Wat1480nm14Figure 9 -MaximumPCrmeSSiMPoWfyinthe1.<>rcagainstAPRPOwerroduct>ontime18FigureA.1-Frontpartofthefibrefusedamagegeneratedintheoptica1.fibre20FigureA.2-SiOabsorptionmode1.22FigureA.3-Ca1.1.atedfixefusepropagationbehaviourSimUatedWiththeSiOabsorptionmode1.23FigureA.4-Seriesofoptica1.micrographsShOWingdamagegeneratedby9,0W1480nm1.aser1.ightsuggestingamechanismofperiodicVOodformation24FigureA.5-Imagesoffibrefuseignitiontakenw1.hanu1.tra-high-speedcameraandaoptica1.mkxographo1.thedamagedfibre.25FigureA.6-PoWerdens4ydependenceofthefibre-fusepropagationve1.ocity26FigureA.7-Optica1.micrographsSbOW1.ngfrontpanofthefibrefusedamagegeneratedinSMF2(Orcswithvarious1.aserintensities(1480nm)26FigureA8-PdnCiP1.OofthoOPbCa1.fibrefusepassivetc<11nationmethodandphotographo<afibrefuseterminatorusingaTECstructure27FigureA9-Photoyapbotho1.o-assistedfibreandIibfCrscterminationusingaho1.o-assistedfibre28FigureA.10-Examp1.eoffibrefuseactiveterminationscheme29FigureA.11-Transformationofetec1.rica1.signa1.byoptica1.fibrefuse29TaWe1-Thresho1.dpoweroffibrefusepropagationforvariousfibres9TaWe2-McasurmntconditionsWTaWc3-Examp1.esofpower1.imitsforoptica1.fibrecommunicationsystemshavingautomaticPOWOrreductiontoreduceemissionstoa1.owerhazardIevd16TaWe4-1.ocationtypeswith<nanOPbCa1.fibrecommunicationsystemandtheirtypcainsta1.1.ations17INTERNATIONA1.E1.ECTROTECHNICA1.COMMISSIONOPTICA1.AMP1.IFIERS-Part4:Maximumpermissib1.eoptica1.powerforthedamage-freeandsafeuseofoptica1.amp1.ifiers,inc1.udingRamanamp1.ifiersFOREWORD1>ThH!ematxaE1.ectrotechnica1.C<xwn<ss*o(IECjtsaWMdWe8OraanZagnforstandard(Za1.xcomprisir>Qai1.nationa1.e1.ectro1.echnica1.oommitees(IECNationa1.ConWiHee3).TbeobjectcIECisIoPMmoIeJrrtefnationaicooperationona1.1.questionsconcerningstandardization11thetec!11caJande1.ectronic1ie<ds.ToIhtsendandinaddiontooheractrvities.IECpuWiesInternaiiona1.Standards,Te<>ca<Specdicaiions.Te<tnicaiReports.Pub1.cyAvai1.aMeSpecincatJonsPAS)andGudes(hfaherreferredtoasIECPuMicat1.on(三)").Th"preparationisentrustedImrttocs;anyIECNationa1.Committoc11trc5todin1hsubjectdea1.twthmayPameJPa轮ntsPfePiafakXyworkInternationa1.,governmenta1.andnongve<nfD1.a1.organizations1.>ais1.ngwiththeIECa1.soJxirticipatcinthisWeparabon.IECoo*aborack>s<Hyw1.htheIEernartMXOrganizationforSundafdizaiion(ISO)inaccordancewthCond砧Ongdeterminedbyagreemen!beueedthetwoorganizaton.2Thekxma<tecsonsoragreementsotEContechnica1.mattersexpress,asnear1.yaspossbte,aninternationa1.consensusofopinionontherdva11tsuoctssincec<htechnica1.Commrttoohasrepr。Sonu1.bQnfromainterestedIECNatkxiaiCommittees.31IECPub1.icationshavethekxmOfrecommendationsf<xinternationa1.useandarcacjp1odbyIECNatkxia1.Committeesin!hsense.Vi1.ea1.1.reasonab1.eeffortsarern4detoensureIhatIhetechnica1.oonientofIECPuWcatonsisaccraie.IECcannotbehe<dresponsiWforthewayinwhchtheyare¾6dorforanyminefpfetationbyanyenduser.4InordertopromoteInIema1.IOneunrtorrmty.IECNaDonaICommitteesUndenaketoapIECPub1.tcatkxistransparent1.yx>themaximumextentposs>b1.inIheirnationa1.andre>ona1.PUbICatJOns.AnydverpencebetweenanyIECPubicabonandteCorreepondingnationa1.regiona1.pub1.icationsha1.1.beCteartyindicatedinthe1.atter.5) IECitse1.1.doesnotpvkanyattestationo1.co11kxmity.IncJependentcertrt>ca!>onbodiesprovideconformityassessmentservicesand.inso11xsJrgSaccessK>IECmarks<Mco11kxmi1.yIECisnotrcspcxisittckxanyservicescarriedoutbyindependentCertifiCa1.jonbodies.6) AJIusersshou1.densurethattheyhavetheIa1.es1.edrtkxofIhsPUb1.CatIom7) NoIiabiityshaattachtoIECor1.sdir<xkxs.emp1.oyocs.servants<xagentsinc1.udingindividua1.expertsandmembersofitstechnica1.ConifnftteesandIECNationa1.Cofnmdteesforanypersona1.injury,propertydamageJherdamageGfanynatureMa1.SOGver.whetherSrec1.orindirect,orforcosts(InCkd1.ng1.ega1.fees)andexpensesarising<xjOf1.bePUHiCaIion.usec.orrdar2eupon,1.hIECPub1.jcattonoranyotherIECPuMcaBons.8) AticnbonisdrawnotheNormartwcreferencesCaCdinthispuWcatio11UseHthOrdcro11ccdpub1.icationst;indisensaWeforthecorrectaicaticnofthispuMicion.9Attentionisdrawnk>Ihepossibi1.itytha?soneo<theeiementso1.thisIECPUNCaUOnmaybethesubjectofpatentrightsIECsha1.1.notbeb<Hdrcspo11sWcforidentifyinganyorosuchPatCmrights，IECTR61292-4hasbeenpreparedbySubcooiminee86C:Ftoreopticsystemsandactivedevices,ofIECmittee86:Fibreoptics.ItcsaTechnica1.Report.Thisfourthe<Miocance1.sandrep1.acestheIhrdeditionpub1.ishedin2014ThtSedition11sti1.u1esatechnica1.revision.Thiseditioninc1.udesthefo1.1.owingsignificanttechnica1.changeswithrespecttothepreviousedition.a) Thetechnica1.informationhasbeenupdatedtoteftoctrevisionsofthere1.evantreferencesb) Inpartiaiar.thedescriptionsprovidedinC1.ause5andC1.ause6havebeenmodifiedSignificantfytoref1.ectchangesinthecitdreferences.Unnecessaryformu1.asandexp1.anationsthatover1.apWrththereferenceshavebeenremovedtosimp1.ifythedocument.c) NeWinformationhasbeenaddedtoAnnexAonoptica1.fibreburningv/hen1.ightentersanoica1.fibrev/ithabubb1.etrainformedbyafibrefuse.ThetextofthisTechnica1.Reportisbasedonthefo1.1.owingdocuments:DraftRcpo11o11voting86C'1821.,DTR86C'1832.RVDTRFu1.1.informationonthevotingtoritsapprova1.canbefoundintherepo11onvotingindk>atedmtheabovetab1.e.The1.anguageusedforthedeve1.opmentofthisTechnica1.ReportisEng1.ish.Thisdocu11wntwasdraftedinaccordancewithISO.1ECDirectives,Pan2,and(JeVek)PCdinacrdancwithISQ1IECDirectives.Part1andISO1IECDirectives.IECSupp1.ement,avai1.ab1.eatvw.>c.ch''mmbrsexprts,refdccs.Themaindocumenttypesdeve1.opedbyIECar©describedingreaterdetai1.atW/isc.chStandardSdev'pubtions.A1.istofa1.1.partsintheIEC61292series,pub1.ishedunderthegenera1.tit1.eOPtiCa1.ampfierscanbefoundontheIECwebsite.Thecom11¼11eehasdeededthatthetetsofthisdocumentwi1.1.remainunchangedunti1.thestabi1.itydateindicatedontheIECwebsiteunderwebstore.c.chinthedatare1.atedtothespecificdocument.Atthisdate,th©documentwi1.1.be reconfirmed. withdrawn. rep1.acedbyarevisededition,or amended.IMPORTANT-The"co1.ourinside"1.ogoontheverpageofthisdocumentindicatesthatitcontainsco1.ourswhichar©nsideredtobeusefu1.fortheco11ectunderstandingofitscontents.Usersshou1.dthereforeprintthisdocumentusingaco1.ourprinter.INTRODUCTIONThisdocumentisdedicatedtothesubjectofma×ma三ypermissib1.eop<ica1.powerfordamage-freeandsafeuseofoptica1.ampfcfiers.inddi11gRamanamp1.iiiers.Sneethetechno1.ogyisquitenewandsti1.1.evotving.amendmentsandnewe<Mionstothisdocumentcanbeexpected.Manynewtypesofop(ica1.amp1.ifiersareenteringthemarketp1.ace,andresearchisa1.sostimu1.atingthe(JCV(HoPmCntofmanynewtypeso1fibreandnon1.i1.xek>asedOPbCa1.amfcf<s.Withtheintroductionotnewtechno1.ogies,suchas1.ong-hau1.,beyond100Gb,s.WDMtransmission,dgrtaJcoherenttransmissionandRamanampiifcation.someoptica1.amp1.ifierse<npioyop(ica1.pumpsourceswithextreme1.yhighop<ica1.PoWer-possib1.yuptosevera1.WattS-Forexamp1.e,erbiumdopedfibreamp1.rfiersthatprovideextreme1.yhighoutputPOweraredescribedinIECTR61292-8(1),andRamaamp1.ifiersInIECTR61292-6(2).Excessive1.yhighoptica1.powercancausephysica1.damage(otheoptica1.Fibres,componentsandequipmentinadditiontopresentingamedca1.hazardtothehumaneyeandskin.Thepossibi1.ityoffibredamagecausedbyhighopbca1.intensityhasbeendiscussedattechnica1.Confererxzesandintechnica1.reportstormanyyears.Theuseofhighintensityoptica1.amiifierscancauseprob1.emsoptica1.fibres,whichinc1.udefibrefuse,heatinginthesp1.icepoints(connec1.ionPOntS)JIbfeendfacedamageduetodus1.,andIitxecoatburningduetotightfibrebending.Forexampie.IECTR62547(3)providesguide1.inesforthemeasurementofhgh-POgdamagesens4ivityofsing1.e-modefibretobends,andIECTR62627-01(4describesC1.eanmgmethodstorf<xeoptcconnectorstoreducetheriskoffibreendfacedamage.Inaddrtx>n.otherStandaBgroupsarediscussingtheriskofignitionofhazardousenvironmentscausedbyh>gh-poverradiationfromoptea1.equipment.Themedica1.aspectsofhigh-poweroptica1.radiationhavea1.sobeenaddressedbystandards.IEC608252如I1.nOSthCconcop<ofhazard1.eve1.sandcorrespondingIabcfcng.whichaddressesthesafetyaspoasof1.asersspecifica1.1.yinre1.ationtoMSUCdamage.inaddition.IECTR60625-17(5)describessafetymeasurestoprotectaganstOHeC1.Scausedexc1.usive1.ybyIhefma1.,opto-mechanica1.andre1.atedeffectsinpassiveoptica1.mpo11e11tsandoptica1.cab1.esusedinhighpoweroptica1.fibrecommunicationsystems.Moreover.ITU-TRemmendationG.6646discussesthesafetyfeatureofautomatic1.aserpowerreduction.Withtherecent1.ygrowinginterestinhighpowerfibreamp1.ifiersandfibreRamanamp1.ifiers,however,somed<1.fic1.teshavebeen三dentifjamongo<ica1.amp1.ifierusersandmanufacturersinIu1.fyunderstandingthetechnica1.do<ai1.sand(CQuiromctsacrossa1.1.suchStandarcfcandagreements.Thisdocumentpv>dosasimp1.einformativeguide1.ineonthemaximumoptica1.powerpermissib1.eforoptica1.ampifiersforoptica1.amp1.ifierusersandmanufacturers.NumDersisquareDcacKetsre1.ertotheBbIJography.OPTICA1.amp1.ifiers-Part4:Maximumpermissib1.eoptica1.powerforthedamage-freeandsafeuseofoptica1.amp1.ifiers,inc1.udingRamanamp1.ifiers1 ScopeThispartofIEC61292.whichisaTechnica1.Report,appfcestoa1.1.COmmGreiaIyavai1.ab1.eoptica1.amp<diers(OAs),InCiUdIngoptica1.f<>reamp1.ifiers(OFAsusingactivefibresaswe1.1.asRamanamp1.rfiers.Semnductoroptica1.ampMiers(SOAs)usingsemi11ductorgainmediaarea1.soinc1.uded.Thisdocumentprovidesinformativeguide1.inesonIheIhreShoWo1highoptica1.powerthatcancausehigh-temperaturedamageo<thefibre.A1.sodiscussedisoptica1.safetytormanufacturersandus<xsofoptica1.amp1.ifiersbyquotingpartsofexistingstandardsandagrocmCntSoneyeandskinsafety.ThisdocumentidentitiestheIo1.1.owngva1.uesforma<numpermissib1.eoptica1.POwerintheoptica1.amp1.ifierfordamage-freeandsafeoperation:a) theoptica1.PowerIImrtthatcausestherma1.damagetothefibre,suchasfibrefuseandIibre-coatburning;b) themaximumpermissib1.eexposure(MPENowh>htheoycs,skncanbeexposedwithoutconsequentinjury;c) theoptica1.power1.imitintheIOrethatcausesMPEontheQaSk1.nafterIrcespaccpropagationfromthefibre：d) theabso1.utea1.1.ov/abteoptica1.POWer1.eve1.fordamage-freeandsafeoperationoftheoptica1.amp1.ifierbycomparinga)andc).Theobjectiveofthisdocumentistominimizepotentia1.confusionandmisunderstandingintheindustryIha1.cancauseun