新人版八级上英语知识点归纳.doc

.新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?重点语法不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意：1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名。some 多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。2. 由some, any, no, every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用三单。3. 不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting重点短语1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing.but + V.<原形> 除了之外什么都没有4. seem + <to be> + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分： stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. <not> to do sth. 告诉某人不要 做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事词语辨析1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照quite a few+名词复数 "许多"2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 I seem to have a coldIt seems + 从句 似乎. It seems that no one believe you.seem like . 好像,似乎. It seems like a good idea.3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名 "到达."arrive at +小地点注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略,如： arrive here; get home4. feel like sth感觉像feel doing sth. 想要做某事5. wonder想知道+疑问词who, what, why>引导的从句。6. because of +名/代/V-ingbecause+从句He cant take a walk because of the rain.I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.7. enough +名词 足够的.形容词/副词+enoughUnit2 How often do you exercise?重点语法1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。2."次数"的表达方法一次 once, 两次twice,三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times,3. how often"多久一次"问频率,回答常含有频率词组或短语。常见的how疑问词：1How soon 多久以后How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来。2how long "多久"How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。3How many+名复How much+不可名"多少" 问数量how much 还可问价格重点短语1. go to the movies 去看电影2. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skate boarding 去划板6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7. eating habits 饮食习惯8. take more exercise 做更多的运动9. the same as 与什么相同10. be different from 不同11. once a month一月一次12. twice a week一周两次13.make a difference to 对.有影响/作用14. most of the students=most students15. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物16. be good for 对.有益17. be bad for 对.有害18. come home from school放学回家19. of course = certainly = sure 当然20. get good grades 取得好成绩21. keep/be in good health 保持健康22. take a vacation 去度假词语辨析1. maybe / may bemaybe 是副词,意为"大概, 可能,或许",一般用于句首。May be是情态动词,意为"可能是.,也许是.,大概是.".The baby is crying. Maybe she is hungry.The woman may be a teacher.2. a few / few / a little / littlea few <少数的,几个,一些>a little <一点儿,少量>表示肯定few <很少的,几乎没有的>little <很少的,几乎没有的>表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词People can live to 100, but few people can live to 150.There is little time left. I wont catch the first bus.Could you give me a little milk?3. hard / hardlyhard作形容词,意为"困难的,艰苦的,硬的"；作副词,意为"努力地,猛烈地"。hardly为副词,意为"几乎不"。The ground is too hard to dig.I can hardly understand them.Its raining hard. The people can hardly go outside.4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .as for.意思是"至于；关于",+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式即动名词。如： As for him,I never want to see him here.至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story,you'd better not believe it.关于那故事,你最好不要相信。5. That sounds interesting.这是"主语+系动词+表语"结构的简单句。sound听起来,look看起来,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,feel觉得,seem好象,grow变得,get变得等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。6. percent 名词,意为"百分之"百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent <不用复数形式>,percent做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。50：fifty percent百分之五十Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge.20%的肉都在冰箱7. not at all 意为"一点也不",not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。The story isnt interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。8. It is + adj. to do sth. 做某事是的。It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣。9. take, spend, payIt takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为"花费某人时间来做某事"。人<sb.> spend 时间/钱 on sth. "买某物花了钱"。人<sb.> spend 时间/钱<in> doing"花费多少时间来做某事"。pay 的主语必须是人,而"花钱买某物"为pay.for.10. however 副词,意为"然而,可是",表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末。Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.重点语法1. 形容词和副词的比较等级1形容词和副词的原形就是原级2比较级,表示较或更3最高级, 表示最.。2. 比较级句型:1A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B "A比B更"注意：A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物与物进行对比2"A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B"表示"A比B"3比较A ,B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较.时用句型："Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级,A or B ?"Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?3. 比较级的特殊用法1"比较级+and+比较级",意为"越来越"。多音节比较级用"more and more+原级"2"the+比较级<>, the+比较级<>"意思是："越越"The more, the better.3主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 "主语是两者中较.的"4. 两者在某一方面相同： A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.Helen is as tall as Amy.Peter studies as hard as Tom.表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时,用"not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as"I am not as tall as my sister.5. 形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语。当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。重点短语1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗2. as.as.与 一样3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛4. the most important 最重要的5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋6. the same as 与相同7. care about 关心/留意/关注8. be different from 与.不同9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子10. as long as 只要；与.一样长11. bring out 显示/显出12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩13. reach for 伸手达到/达到14. touch ones heart 感动15. in fact 事实上16. make friends 交朋友17. be good at 在某方面成绩好18. the other 另一个19. be similar to 与相似20. be good with 与和睦相处21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心have fun doing sth 做某事很开心22. do the same things as me. 做和我一样的事情23. Its+adj+for sb.to do sth. "做某事对某人来说是.的 "24 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友25. as long as 只要；既然,引导条件状语从句词语辨析1. be good at=do well in ,其后可接名词、代词或动名词,表示擅长.2. care about 关心care for 关爱take care <当/小心>take care of <照顾>=look after3. make sb. do sth. ：让<使>某人做某事make后跟不带to的不定式His father always make me get up before five o'clock.make sb. +形容词：使某人保持某种状态My friends always make me happy.4. be like"就像"I am like your sister.look like "外貌上的像 " I look like my sister.5. Thats why+句子：那就是的原因/那就是为什么That's why I study English hard. 那就是我努力学习英语的原因。6. be different from 与不同反：be the same as 与 相同7. though adv. 不过；可是；然而句末补充说明使语气减弱 conj. 虽然；尽管=although,与but 不能同时用在一个句子中He said he would come. He didnt, though. 他说他要来,可是并没有来。Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him.尽管他已经去世很多年了,但很多人仍然记得他。8. get better grades 取得更好的成绩9. does<助动词do/did>,为了避免重复,可代替上文出现过的实意动词。10. be good with sb. 与某人相处得好Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?重点语法1. 形容词最高级： 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。标志词：表比较范围时用in/of形容词最高级前须加定冠词the,副词最高级前可省略the。2. 表示"三者或以上中最的"的句型1A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 表示范围in/of介词短语2A + 实意动词 + <the> 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of/in介词短语3. 常用句式1> Who/ Which+ 最高级, A, B or C ?2> one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式, 意为"最之一"。3序数词后跟形容词最高级重点短语1. so far 到目前为止,迄今为止2. no problem 没什么,别客气3. have.in common 有相同特征想法、兴趣等方面相同4. be up to 由.决定/是.的职责5. all kinds of 各种各样的6. play a role in doing sth./ sth. 发挥作用,有影响7. make up 编造故事、谎言等8. for example=e.g. 例如9. take .seriously 认真对待10. not everybody 并不是每个人11. close to 离.近12. more and more 越来越词语辨析1. How do you like +名/代/V-ing=What do you think of：" 你认为怎么样？"2. Thanks for=Thank you for +名/代/V-ing:"感谢"3. Youre welcome. =Not at all.不客气4. talent 名可天赋talent show 才艺表演talented adj. 有天赋的be talented in 在.方面有天赋5. be good at 擅长 < do well in>反义短语：be poor / weak in 在.方面薄弱be good for 对有益,后跟人或事物；其反义短语是be bad forbe good to 对好<和善；慈爱>,相当于 be friendly to,后面通常接人6. all kinds of 各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的a kind of 一种.* kind of 有点+ adj.： kind of boring / fat /thin7. win vt. 赢得+奖品 winner n. 赢者8. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事watch doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事9. 举例：such as 常列举几个例子,不能穷尽,可和and so on<等等>连用；like可和such as互换；for example 一般只列举一个,作插入语用逗号隔开,可置于句首/句中/句末。Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?重点语法1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法：What do you think of ?=How do you like?2. 描述喜好I love/ like/ dont mind/dislike/cant stand3. 复习巩固一般现在时态：主语+V+其他； 主语三单+V<三单>+其他>重点短语1. find out 查出/发现2. be ready to do 准备做3. dress up 打扮/化妆成4. take one's place 代替某人5. do a good job 干的好/表演的出色6. think of 想到/思考7. game show 游戏节目8. learn from 向.学习9. talk show 访谈节目10. soap opera 肥皂剧11. go on 继续12. watch a movie 看电影13. one of 其中之一14. try ones best to =do ones best to 竭尽全力15. a pair of 一双16. as famous as 一样闻名/出名17. look like 看起来像18. around the world 世界各地19. have a discussion about 讨论.20. one day 有一天/某一天21. such as 例如22. a symbol of 一个象征/标志23. something enjoyable 快乐的事情24. interesting information 有趣的信息词语辨析1. want + n 想要want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事2. mind 介意,其后+名词/代词/V-ing3. stand1>"站, 站立" e.g. Stand up! 起立2> "忍受" <多用于否定句、疑问句> , 后可+名/代/V-ing4. plan vt. & vi.计划, 打算,plan to do sth.plan 还可作名词,如：make plans 制定计划5. v. discuss <讨论> + ion n. discussionhad a discussion about sth. 对某事进行讨论6. happen v. 发生; 出现sth+ happens to sb."或"sth happened + 时间/地点"句式7. 情态动词may 语气弱于can,意为"可能"might 表推测,语气最弱,意为"可能"may/might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱,意为"可能不"They may not be very exciting. 它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。8. expect to do sth. 期盼做某事hope to do sth: 希望干某事很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语,如：want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, ask9. be famous as 作为而出名be famous for sth. 因为.而出名10. one of 后跟可数名词复数,表示之一。 其后的谓语动词用单数。One of my favorite movies is Mr. Bean. 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生。11. show n. 节目 TV shows/ talent shows；v.展示 show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth.Unit6 Im going to study computer science.重点词语/短语用法解析1. want to be/become + <职业>名词 :"想要成为."I want to be <be> a scientist when I grow up.2. write stories 写故事tell stories 讲故事3. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事表动作的反复keeping doing sth. 保持做某事表动作或状态的持续4. be sure about +名/代/V-ing"肯定"Are you sure about that?make sure <that>+从句".确保."Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out.5. learn sth. We must learn English every day.learn to do sth. I am going to learn to play < play> the piano.6. discuss v. 讨论；商量 名词是discussiondiscuss with sb. 与某人讨论 :Discuss this question with your partner.Lets discuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动,不是讨论。7. be able to do sth. 能够做某事1can : can+动词原形,无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,不能用于将来时。be able to + 动词原形,有人称和数的变化,可用于多种时态。2can 常指客观上能够；be able to 更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事。He will be able to<能够> speak English next year.在此不能填can8. promise n. 承诺；诺言 v. 许诺；承诺；答应make a promise<to sb> 对某人许下诺言keep a promise 遵守诺言break a promise 违背诺言promise <sb> to do sth. 许诺某人干某事promise <sb> +that 从句He promised to help me. 他许诺过要帮助我。I promised that I study hard from now on. 我承诺从现在起努力学习。9. have to do with 关于；与有关系The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机有关。10. take up sth./doing sth.尤指为消遣学着做；开始做I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我将要学煮饭。11. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.too+形容词/副词 to+动词原形,表示"太.而不能."如：The kid is too young to play this game.这个小孩太小,不能玩这个游戏。12. ones own +名词 "某人自己的东西", 强调某物为个人所有my own book 我自己的书本重点语法一般将来时"am/is/are going to +动词原形"结构1. 基本形式否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在伦敦度假。Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那乌云,快要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us?他会帮我们收集数据吗？What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算作什么？2. 基本用法1表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。2表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。Unit7 Will people have robots?重点词语/短语用法解析1. many+可数名词 许多.much +不可数名词 许多.2. live to be+基数词 + years old"活到.岁"3. be in great danger 处在极大的危险中4. play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 参与某事/做某事Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.5. help <sb.> with sth. 帮助某人做某事He often helps me with my English.help sb. <to> do sth. 帮助某人做He often helps me study English.help oneself < to > 自用<食物等>Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼6. the same as 和一样. 反义短语： be different from7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了时间做某事<时态根据具体情况决定It takes me an hour to get to my office.spend timemoney on sth. 在上花费时间金钱sb. spend timemoney <in> doing sth. 花费时间金钱做某事。I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。8. hundreds of+ 名词复数许多/大量.数词+hundred + 名词复数 几百.类似的数词还有thousand千 , million万There are four hundred students in our grade.There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year.9. during 在期间during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend10. the meaning of .的意思Can you tell me the meaning of the words?重点语法一般将来时Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?重点词语/短语用法解析1. cut是"切, 割"的意思,过去式为cut。cut up 意为"切碎"Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.Cut it /them up.2. turn on 打开, 接通<电流、煤气、水等>turn off 关掉, 截断<电流、煤气、水等>turn up 开大, 调高<音量、热量等>turn down 调低, 关小<音量、热量等>3. one more thing 另外一件事情another ten minutes 再多十分钟数字+ more + 物品 指"另外的another + 数字 + 物品 指"另外的当数字为one时,常与more连用或只用 another。Give me two more hamburgers？another two hamburgers4. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。5. Its a time for sb. to do sth. 该是某人做某事的时期了Its time for sb.to do sth. =Its time for sth. 该是某人做某事的时间了。Its a time for you to study English.Its time for us to go to school.<Its time for school.>6. give thanks for +名/代V-ing "感恩."We should give thanks for our parents.He gave thanks for life and food.7. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.by +sth./doing :1以.方式 I study English by listening to English songs.2在.的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.3在.之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.4搭乘 I go to school by bus.8. Here is +名单<宾语> "这是" 是倒装句Here is a photo of my family.Here are+名复Here are some English books.当宾语是代词时,要用顺装。如：Here you are.<对> Here are you.<错>9. fill sth. with sth. 用.把.装满 <强调动作>be full of"装满"<强调状态>I filled the cup with the milk.The cup is full of the milk.10. putin<into> 把.放到. 里11. coverwith 用.覆盖12. cut into 把.切成. Cut the apple into four pieces.cut up 切碎13. serve v. 服务 n. serviceserve +名/代 "提供" The shop serves nice food.serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with so