21世纪实用英语book1unit1-8.doc

Unit 1I study of the text 1. What was the writer afraid of when he first became a college student?2. What are the three questions he had about his classmates and himself?3. What did the writer have to do in order to do well in his studies?4. What mistakes did the writer make at first?5. What happened to him shortly after?6. What other things did the writer do in addition to his studies?7. How did the writer begin to see himself as a result?8. What did he think of his future at that time? 9. Why was the writer so sure about himself and his own future?10. What does the expression “this important hurdle in my life mean?II study of words&grammar1. transition: n. (instance of) changing from one state or condition to another 过渡；转变2. do well: be successful, especially in work or business 干得好Eg: Jack is doing very well at work. Tom did well at school when he was young. 3. being off: 离开 As this expression is used after the preposition “of, the verb “be takes the -ing form. The expression “be off means “leave or be away. Eg: I must be off now (=I must leave). Her son was off on a business trip somewhere (=Her son was away on a business trip somewhere).4. by oneself: alone单独，独自Eg: e in; we're all by ourselves. You can't go home by yourself in the dark. 5. surround: vt. be or move into position all around (sb. or sth.)包围；围住；环绕Eg: The trees surround the house.As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness6. pete: vi. try to win sth. by defeating others who are trying to do the same竞争；对抗 Eg: It's difficult for a small country to pete against/with big countries7. keep up with: move or progress at the same rate as 跟上Eg: I had to walk fast to keep up with him. Jack's having trouble keeping up with the other students in his class. 8. be up to: be left to (sb.) to decide取决于(某人)的，须由(某人)决定的Eg: You may do your homework today or tomorrow it's up to you. It's up to our group leader to make the final decision9. set: cause to exist 树立，制定Eg: Parents should set a good example for their children. The school set high standards for its students10. regulate: vt. control (time, speed, etc.) so that it functions as desired 调整；调节时间、速度等Eg: regulate one's life regulate the temperature of a room11. with whom to be friendly: with whom to be friends对谁友好Eg: Betty' s very friendly with John and Tom12. for oneself means unaided “without help 独自地;依靠自己Eg: Nobody should help John with his homework this time. He must do it for himself. 13. a bit: a little or to a small degree有点；稍微Eg: I ' m a bit tired tonight. She looks a bit like my sister. 14. spend time (in) doing sth.: use time doing a particular thing花时间做某事Eg: Mary spends all her free time writing one book after another. I spent an hour reading.15. shortly : ad. in a short time; not long; soon不久；很快Eg: Ms Jones will be back shortly. They began their work shortly after New Year' s Day. 16. have sth. under control: have sth. managed, dealt with, or kept in order successfully使某事恢复正常；使某事处于控制之下Eg: I' m glad to see that you have had everything under control.The soldiers had had the fire under control by 9:00 p.m. 17. manage: vt. succeed in doing (sth.)设法做到Eg: Anyway, we managed to get there on time. When they first arrived in Shanghai, they managed to find a place to stay. 18. addition : n. adding; person or thing added加；增加的人或物in addition: as sth. extra; besides另外；加之eg: Tom studies very hard in our school. In addition, he always helps his classmates. My English teacher knows three languages. In addition to English and Chinese, he also knows French.19. fortable: a. feeling physically relaxed and satisfied; feeling free from anxiety 舒适的；安逸的；无忧无虑的Eg: I was so fortable and warm in bed that I didn' t want to get up. She does not feel very fortable with strangers. 20. share: vt. have or use (sth.) with others; tell (sb.) about (sth.)与别人分享或合用某物；把某事告诉某人Eg: I share an office with some other teachers. They shared the cake between them. I want to share my news with you. 21. set up: establish 建立Eg: He set up a small travel business. A fund will be set up for the dead men' s families. 22. meet: vt. satisfy 满足Eg: Does this meet your hopes?We are doing our best to meet your needs.23. as a result: ing or happening as a natural consequence 结果 Eg: He made one big mistake and, as a result, lost his job. He was late as a result of the snow.24. look on/upon: regard (sb. or sth.) in the specified way以特定目光或情绪看；看待Eg: We looked on her as our own daughter. I look on him with dislike. 25. see as: regard as把看作Eg: He saw himself as a great man. Similar expressions: I want you to think of this as your home.I look on him as a good friend.26. responsible : a. (for) legally or morally obliged to take care of sb. or sth. or to carry out a duty, and liable to be blamed if one fails 法律上或道义上需负责任的,承当责任的Eg: He is responsible for the management of the pany.They are not my children, but I still feel responsible for them.27. turn out: prove to be证明是Eg: Our party last night turned out a success. I was a bit worried about John' s idea at first, but it turned out to be a really good one. 28. in store: about to happen; waiting即将发生；等待着Eg: You never know what' s in store for you. John has a surprise in store for him when he gets home tonight! 29. ahead: ad. &一般作表语a. further forward in space or time在前面，在前Eg:The road ahead is very busy.Our team was ahead by six points.30. ahead of: in front of在前面Eg: You have a long trip ahead of you.Let Tom walk ahead of you he knows this place well31. handle : vt. deal with; manage; control理处，应付；管理；操纵，控制Eg: John handled the problem well. If you can' t handle the job,I' ll get someone else to do it32. dependent : a. (on, upon) needing support from sb. or sth.依靠的；依赖的Eg: Janes mother was dependent on her for everyday care. You can' t be dependent on your parents all your lifeUnit 2I study of the text 1. Who was Louis Braille?2. Why is January 4 named Braille Day?3. How many people were there in Louiss family?4. How did Louis bee blind?5. As a blind child, did Louis give up his school education? How could he keep up with studies in school?6. What did Louiss parents decide to do when he was nine years old?7. What were the books for the blind like in the school in Paris?8. What was the alphabet code used by army soldiers made up of?9. Why was the code no good for the blind?10. How long did it take Louis to develop his Braille system?11. How does the Braille system work?II study of words&grammar1. blind: a. unable to see 瞎的，盲的Eg: Marys been blind since birth. Love is blind.2. desire : n. longing; strong wish 渴望；愿望 Eg: A strong desire is an essential requirement for success. You can tell him of your desire to go on the trip with him3. lead to: have (sth.) as its result 导致 Eg: The high fever led to her blindness. Confidence and hard work will lead to success4. honor : 1). n.great (public) respect, good opinion,etc.shown to sb.; good character or reputation 崇敬；敬意；荣誉；名誉Eg: Bills brave actions earned him great honor.We hold him in great honor.2). vt. show great respect or honor to 向表示敬意；给以荣誉Eg: The Bible says that you should honor your father and mother. September 10 is Teachers Day in China. That day honors teachers. 3) in honor of (used at the end of the text): out of respect for 出于对的敬意Eg: This holiday is celebrated in honor of the old. The school decided to build a new library in honor of its former headmaster5. 说某事发生在特定的某一天，用介词on来表示。in常用来表示某事发生的月份或年份，也用来指示事情发生的地点。 6. make out of: produce using as material 用制造出Eg: What is ink made out of? Theyll make a first class doctor out of her7. item : n. single article or unit in a list; single piece of news 条，项；项目；条款；新闻等的一条，一如此Eg: Please check the items in this bill. I took the items out of the box, one by one. 8. imitate: vt. copy the speech, actions, etc. of (sb.); take or follow as an example 模仿，仿效，学的样 Eg: The little girl was imitating her big brother by trying to walk like him. He imitates the way his father does things. 9. slip : vi. 滑；滑落；溜；悄悄地走 Eg: She slipped on the ice. He slipped away from the meeting. 10. take care of: look after; be responsible for 照料；负责 Eg: If we both leave, who will take care of the children? My wife takes care of all the bills. 11. injure: vt. hurt; harm 伤害；损害 Eg: He injured his knee when he ran in a long distance race. Luckily, we were not injured in the car crash. 12. infect : vt. cause (sb./sth.) to be affected (by a disease, germs, etc.) 传染；感染 Eg: Every time you cough you may be infecting others with germs. His ear got infected and he became deaf. 13. spread : v. (cause sth. to) bee (more) widely known, felt or suffered 使传开；传染；使蔓延Eg: The fire spread quickly and burned down their neighbors house too. I spread the good news to everyone.14. public : 1). a. 公立的；公众的，公共的；公开的Eg: This city has a fine public library and a few public parks. Reporters learned the news on Friday but agreed not to make it public until the following day. 2). n.公众，民众Eg: I wish to make it known to the public.Police are asking the public to help them find two dangerous bank robbers15. develop: v.制订；研制；使形成；使成长；使发育；开展 Eg: They spent a lot of time developing the plan. Tom and Mary developed their friendship slowly. She is studying how the human brain develops before and after birth. 16. deliver : vt.传送信息等；投递信件等；发表演说)等 Eg: Did you deliver my message to my father? The letter was delivered to the wrong person.deliver a speech17. make up: form, pose or constitute 组成，构成Eg: We need just one more player to make up a full team. A car is made up of many different parts. 18.plicated : a.结构复杂的；难懂Eg: a plicated problem a plicated system 19. take up: fill or occupy (the specified time or space) 占去时间或地方Eg: Move over! Youre taking up far too much room. This work takes up all my time. 20. fit : (fit; fitting) 1). vi. 被容纳；服装等合身，适宜；适合；适应 Eg: The suit doesnt fit well. This chair fits here between the table and the fireplace. 2). a. 适合的；健康的 Eg: This water isnt fit for drinking. keep fit21. pick up: take hold of and lift 拿起；捡起；提起Eg: He picked up a stone and threw it at the birds. She picked up the book from the floor. 22. e to: (of an idea) occur to (sb.)指主意被想起 Eg: I forgot what I was going to say. Oh well, it will e to me later. It suddenly came to me that Mary hates fish. 23. create: vt. make (sth. new or original); have (sth.) as a result; produce 创造;创作；引起；产生Eg: Here are some pieces of art created by our children. Sitting around the fire with friends beside me created a feeling of warmth deep in my heart. Unit 3I study of the text 1. What important things do many of us forget?2. What does the writer ask his mother to forgive?3. What happened to the writer as a boy?4. What was the most humbling thing to happen to the writer in his childhood (童年)?5. What does the writer think of his mothers chiding?6. What did the writers mother remind him of even after he grew bigger than her?7. What did the writers mother do for her children at home?8. What does the writer benefit from (得益于) learning the basics in the kitchen?9. How did the writers mother teach him?10. How does the writer judge his mother? II study of words&grammar1. thank sb. for sth.: say or write one is grateful to sb. because of sth. 为某事而感某人 Eg: The old man thanked me for helping him. I have to thank you for the present. 2. tend 1) vi. 后接不定式倾向于；往往会、易于 Eg: I tend to think thats not a good idea. He tends to speak too quickly. 2). vt. look after or take care of 照料，照管Eg: The nurse is tending the sick person. The mother has no time to tend her child3. be/get caught up in: be/get absorbed or involved in 被卷入，陷入 Eg: The country didnt want to get caught up in another countrys war. He is very busy, for he often gets caught up in everyday things. 4. take the time to do sth.: use the time to do sth. 花时间做某事Eg: He takes the time to visit his mother every month5. concern : n. 常用复数 someones business 事务 Eg: Mind your own concerns. He is busy at his everyday concerns6. occasion : n. particular time (at which an event takes place); suitable or right time (for sth.); opportunity事情发生的时刻,时候；场合；时机；机会 on the occasion of: at the time of (a certain event) 在之际eg: We bought her the picture on the occasion of her 70th birthday. I send you my best wishes on the occasion of your silver wedding anniversary. 7. reflect : vi. think carefully 思考，反省Eg: He reflected before answering my question. Give me a minute to reflect. 8. greet: vt. wele (sb.) in a friendly and respectful way问候, 向.致意 Eg: greet sb. with a smile He greeted her by saying “Good morning.9. due : a. expected (now) 应到的，到期的 Eg: The next train is due in ten minutes. The baby is due in the middle of January. 10. forgive : (forgave, forgiven) vt. excuse (sth.); no longer be angry about (sth.); excuse or pardon (sb.who has done sth. wrong) 原谅，饶恕;宽恕 Eg: Please forgive me for being late. My advice is that its best to forgive and forget. 11. tardiness : n. the state of occurring, arriving, or acting after the scheduled, expected, or usual time; lateness 缓慢，迟到 Eg: In many schools students are punished for tardiness.tardy和late都含迟的、晚的意思。tardy指不与时做某事的、行动缓慢的、迟于预定时间的。Eg: Two of the pupils were tardy this morning. late强调迟于正常、适当或预期的时间的。Eg: Summer came late that year. 12. 英语中，句型“否认词+so+形容词/副词+as可以表示最高级，意思是“没有比更。 Eg: Nothing is so difficult as to decide.There are none so blind as those who will not see.13. 此句中的manage意为“竟然搞得、竟做出Eg: I dont know how I managed to arrive so late. 14. gentle: a. mild; kind; not rough, violent or severe温和的；慈祥的；温柔的；和婉的 Eg: gentle nature / a gentle smile15. (right) to the point: (in a way that is) relevant and appropriate 切题的地；切中的地；中肯的地 Eg: His words were short and to the point. 16. be afraid to do: not want to do (sth.) because of fear 不敢做(某事) Eg: He is afraid to go there. We are never afraid to lay down our lives for the right cause. afraid 可用于 be afraid of 结构和 be afraid to do 结构，前者表示 worried or anxious (about doing sth.) in case one does wrong, or makes a mistake (怕做某事); 而后者侧重表示 not want to do sth. because of fear (因为担心后果严重而不敢也不愿做某事)。 Eg: She was afraid to leave the room, afraid of missing the call17. remind : vt. cause (sb.) to remember 提醒，使想起 Eg: Please remind me to leave her this note