HND商务信息与通讯技术OUTCOME1.doc

wordPart1: Identify andevaluatetherole ofbusinessinformationindecision-making.Question1:StrategicManagementStrategicmanagementisresponsibleformakingdecisionsthataffectwholepany.Thesedecisionsaregenerallyvery plexandunstructured.Theymakelong-termdecisions.Internal:Themarkettrends. Ifthepanycanobservetheindex，itwillunderstandtheneedsofthepany，soastodecideitwillproducetheproductstogainmoreprofit.External:thestaffingneeds. Ifthempanycanimproveemployeebenefits，increasetheirrewards，itwillmakeemployeeshavemorepower.TacticalManagementTacticalmanagersarethemiddlemanagement.Theymakemedium-termdecisions a忏'ectingbudgets，monitoring operations，developing policies，obtainingresources.Tacticalmanagersdeveloptacticstoachievetheoverallstrategicaimsandobjectivessetbythestrategicmanager.Internal:Thebudgets.Ifthepanyhasabudgetprocess，itwillbe abletocontrolthebudgetandcontrolthepany'scashposition.Andtheenterprisecapitalwillbeemoreflexible.External:Iftheenterprisehasthefixedsuppliers，itwillguaranteethequalityofenterpriseproductsandsave operatingtime，thusenhancestheenterprisethepetitiveabilityandincreasemoreprofits.OperationalManagementTheoperationalmanageristhefirstlinemanagerorsupervisor.Theyare12 / 14responsiblefortheday-to-dayopera甘onsofthebusiness.Internal:Iftheenterprisesta仔attendancerecord eve叩day，itcanworkoutaplanforamoreperfectplanaccordingtotheinformation，sothatemployeesworkmoree仔iciently.External:The customerneeds.Iftheenterp川seunderstandcustomerneeds，itsproductstoattractcustomersandincreaseine.Question2:"Enterpriseresourceplanningisacross-functionalenterprisesystemdrivenby an integrated suiteof so仕ware modulesthat supports the basicinternalbusinessprossesofampany."ERPgivesapanyanintegratedreal-time view of i怡core business processes such as production，orderprocessing，andinventorymanagement，tiedtogetherbyERPapplicationssoftwareandamondatabasemaintainedbyadatabasemanagementsystem.ERPsystemstrackbusinessresources(suchascash，rawmaterials，andproductioncapacity)andthestatusofmitmentsmadebythebusiness(suchascustomerorders，purchaseorders，andemployeepayroll)，nomatterwhichdepartment(manufacturing，purchasing，sales，accounting，andsoon)hasenteredthedataintothesystem.ERPfacilitatesinformationf10wbetweenallbusinessfunctionsinsidetheorganization，andmanagesconnectionstooutsidestakeholders.(Wikipedia，2013)Thisinformationsystemwouldsupportdecision-makingatstrategiclevels. ERPprovidessupporttoupperlevelmanagementtoprovidethemwithcriticaldecisionmakinginformation.Thisdecisionsupportallowstheupperlevelmanagementtomakemanagerialchoicesthatenhancethebusinessdowntheroad. ERPalsocreatesamoreagilempanythatbetteradaptstochange.ERPmakesapanymoref1exibleandless时gidlystructuredsoorganizationponents operate morecohesively，enhancingthebusiness-斗nternallyandexterna11y. ERPcangreatlyimprovethe qualityandefficiencyofabusiness.By keepingapany'sinternalbusinessprocessrunningsmoothly，ERPcanleadtobetteroutputsthatbenefitthepanysuchascustomerservice，andmanufacturing."Customerrelationshipmanagementisamodelformanagingapany'sinteractionswithcurrentandfuturecustomers."Itinvolvesusingtechnologytoorganize，automate，andsynchronizesales，marketing，customerservice，andtechnicalsuppo凡(Wikipedia，2013)Thisinformationsystemwouldsupportdecision-makingatoperationallevels. AccesscontroliscrucialfortheSCMtool.Ontheonehand，sincethisisteamdevelopment，mayneedto limitcertain membersofthe authority;Thesub-project oftheespecially bigprojectstendtobeinvolvedinoutsourcing，attheendofthealignmentstagewillinvolvealotofdifferentunits，needmorerightsmanagement.Accesscontrol，ontheotherhand，also reducedthe possibility ofwrong operation，indirect improve theavailabilityoftheSCMtool. SCMtoolsrecordprogramsandfilesmodifiedtr司ectory，trackchangeinformation，makethesoftwaredevelopmentworkpletedinBaseline(Baseline)gradualwa弘avoidingtheuncontrolledsoftwaredevelopmentsituation，makedevelopmentstatusinorder."Supplychainmanagementisthemanagementoftheflowofgoods.Itincludesthemovementandstorageofrawmaterials，work-in-processinventory，andfinishedgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumption."Interconnectedorinterlinkednetworks，channelsandnodebusinessesareinvolvedintheprovisionofproductsandservicesrequiredby endcustomersinasupplychain.Supplychainmanagementhasbeendefinedasthe"design，planning，execution，control，andmonito时ngofsupplychainactivitieswiththeobjectiveofcreatingnetvalue，buildingapetitiveinfrastructure，leveragingworldwidelogistics，synchronizing supply with demandand measuringperformanceglobally."(Wikipedia，2013)Thisinformationsystemwouldsupportdecision-makingatoperationa川evels.CRMisnotonlyoneinthefaceofcustomermarketingandservicedepartment，alsoisabusinessdepartmentscanshareinformationand resourcespla仔'ormfortheautomationwork，inordertomaximizetheminingandcoordinationofenterpriseresources，expandthesurvivalspaceandpotential. CRMiscustomerinformationintopositivecustomerrelationshipandtheworkingprocess of the cycle. Through the CRM can more trulyprehensive collection，analysisofcustomerinformation，to providecustomerswithmulti-angle，all-roundservice.Question3:"TheDataProtectionAct1998isaUnitedKingdom ActofParliamentwhichdefinesUKlawontheprocessingofdataonidentifiablelivingpeople.Itisthemainpieceoflegislationthatgoverns theprotectionofpersonaldataintheUK.AlthoughtheActitselfdoesnotmentionprivacy，itwasenactedtobringUKlawintolinewiththeEUdataprotectiondirectiveof1995whichrequiredMemberStatestoprotectpeople'sfundamentalrightsandfreedomsandinparticulartheir right to privacy with respect to the processing of personal data."(Wikipedia，2013)1thinkitnecessa叩forenterprisestousetheAct.Itcanbetterprotectcorporatedataandinformation，toreducealotofbusinessrisk."TheCopyright，DesignsandPatentsAct1988(c.48)，alsoknownastheCDPA，isanActoftheParliamentoftheUnitedKingdomwhich receivedRoyal Assenton15November1988.Itreformulatesalmostpletelythestatutorybasisofcopyrightlaw(includingpe斤。rmingrights)intheUnitedKingdom，whichhad，untilthen，beengovernedbytheCopyrightAct1956(c.74).Italsocreatesanunregistereddesignright，andcontainsanumberofmodificatìonstothelawoftheUnitedKingdomonRegisteredDesignsandpatents."(Wikipedia，2013)1suggestitnecessaryforenterprisestousetheAct.It canhelpenterp川sestobetterprotectandincreasetheirowninterests.Part2:DescribeandevaluatedatamunicationsystemsandnewICTinnovations.Question1:pareandcontrastthreedatamunicationsystems.Alocalareanetwork(LAN)isanetworkthatconnectsputerswithinalimitedgeographicaldistrict，usuallywithinanindependentofficeorbuilding.WideAreaNetwork(WAN)，alsocalledRemoteputerNetwork，thescopeofitslargest，generallycanbefromafewtensofkilometerstotensofthousandsofmiles.Establishedanationalorinternationalnetworkisawideareanetwork.Inawideareanetwork，usedforthetransmissionofmunicationsdevicesandtransmissionmediumcanbeprovidedbythetelesector.(NWPU，2013)"TheInternetisaglobalsystemofinterconnectedputernetworksthatusethestandard Internetprotocolsuite(TCA斤P)toserveseveralbillionusersworldwide.Itisanefworkofnefworksthatconsistsofmillionsofprivate，public，academic，business，andgovernmentnetworks，oflocaltoglobal scope，thatarelinkedbyabroadarrayofelectronic，wirelessandopticalnetworkingtechnologies.TheInternetcarries anextensiverangeofinformationresourcesandservices，suchastheinter-linkedhypertextdocumentsof theWorldWide Web()，theinfrastructuretosuppo时email，andpeer-to-peernetworks."Forexample，MicrosoftServiceNetworkandEmailpassedthroughthe Internet.(Wikipedia，2013)pare: Alocalareanetworkisanetworkwithinalimited distanceusuallyononegeographicalsite.TheWideAreaNetworkislargerthanlocalareanetwork.TheInternetisglobal，themostwide range.(IT168，2011)Thethreedatamunicationsystemshavethemselvesadvantages，soitshouldbebinedwitheachother，thedevelopmentofenterpriseswillbebetter.Question2:DescribetwobenefitsforeachofthethreedatamunicationsystemsforBW.Localareanetwork: Low-Ievelproto1isSimple.Inthelocalareanetwork(LAN)，duetotheshortdistanceandtimedelay issmall，lowcost，hightransmission rate，high reliability，so the channel utilization has not considered the mainfactors，sothelow-Ievelprotocolissimple. Becauseofthecloserangetransmission，sotheerrorrateisve叩low.WideAreaNetwork: Itstransmissionspeedisbetlerandtransmitslargeamountsofdata. Itstransmissionrangeiswider.Internet: The Internetprovidesabundantinformationresourcesandapplicationservices.Notonlyitcantransmittheinformationsuchastext，voice，image，andthousandsofmilesaway，peoplecancar叩outreal-timeconversationsovertheIntemet，online，etc. TheIntemetisthe world'smostopenputernetwork.Everyputeraslongasthesuppo时ofTCPIlPprotocol臼nbeconnectedtothe Internet，torealizeinformationresourcessharing，etc.(100XUEXI，2010)Question3:IdentifyandevaluatethreethreatstosecurityofnetworkedinformationandthesecurityproceduresthatwouldbeappropriateforBWtoadopt. Fire: Fireistopointtointimeandspacecausedbytheburningoutofcontrol.Amongvariouskindsofdisaster，fireisthemostoften，themostmonthreattopublicsafetyandsocialdevelopmentofoneofthemajordisasters.Enterprisesshouldbeinstalledintheindoorfirewaterspraynozzle;policy formulation aboutSmokingisprohibitedandsetupevacuationpassageway.Thiscanbetterreduthepossibilityoffire. Theft: Inmonusage，theftisthetakingofanotherperson'spropertywithoutthatperson'spermissionorconsentwiththeintenttodeprivetherigh町ulownerofit.Enterprisesshouldhiresecurityguardsandinstallcamerasatindoors，sothatwe canbetteravoidthethreat ofthethief. Viruses:Aputervirusisatypeofmalwarethat，whenexecuted，replicates by inserting copies of itself (possibly modified) into otherputerprograms，datafiles，or theboot sectoroftheharddrive;whenthisreplicationsucceeds，thea仔'ectedareasarethensaidtobe"infected"Enterprisesshouldemploynetworksecurityengineerandsetupthefirewalltopreventvirusintrusion.Questio4:'Identifyandevaluatethree!ITCinnovationsintermsoftheirrelevancetotheneedsofBW，theirmanagersandstaff.Voice over Internet Protocol: "Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is amethodologyandgroupoftechnologiesforthedeliveryofvoice municationsandmultimediasessionsoverInternetProtocol(IP)networks，suchastheInternet.OthertermsmonlyassociatedwithVolPareIP telephony，Internettelephony，voice over broadband (VoBB)，broadbandtelephony，IPmunications，andbroadbandphoneservice."(Wikipedia，2013) ThegreatestbenefitofVoiceoverInternetProtocolisve叩cheap.Thiswillsavemoneyforthepany. VoiceoverInternetProtocolservicesisvaried. VoiceoverInternetProtocoltransmissionmediaisdiversification.Cloudputing:"Cloud，orsomethingbeinginthecloud，isanexpressionusedtodescribeavarietyofdifferenttypesofputingconceptsthatinvolvealargenumberofputersconnectedthroughareal-timemunicationnetworksuchas theInternet."(Wikipedia，2013) Security，cloudputingprovidesthemostreliableandsecuredatastoragecenter;usersdon'thavetoworryaboutdataloss，suchasvirusinvasionoftrouble. Convenience，cloudputingequipmentrequirementsforclientsisthelowest，isthemostconvenientforyoutouse.Tencent QQ: Tencent QQ is tencent developed internet-based instantmessaging (1M) software. Support tencent QQ online chat，video phone，point-to-point breakpoint continuingly files，share files，network hard disk，custompanel，QQ，andotherfunctions，andcanbeconnectedtothemobilemunicationterminalandothermunicationmethods.'EnterprisescanuseQQtomunicatewithstaff，otherenterprises. Informationtransferfast，Sendingandreceivingmessageimmediately. Enterprisescanusevoiceandvideochatfacetoface，thefunctionisveryprehensive.Andthesearefree.ReferenceWikipedia，2013，Enterpriseresourceplanningonline ，availableat:n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning>accessed飞巳October2013Wikipedia，2013，Customer relationship management online，available at:k伊，r_relationship_management> accessed16October2013Wikipedia，2013，Supplychainmanagementonline，availableat:k加，ed阻。rg/wiki/Suppl.儿chain_management>accessedat16October2013Wikipedia，2013，DataProtectionAct丁998online，availableat:n川t_1998>accessedat气已October2013Wikipedia，2013，Copyright，DesignsandPatentsAct 1988online，availableat:h柱._Design飞and-Patents-Act-1988拌The_Act>accessedat16October2013NWPU，2013，chapter three WAN Technologiesonline，availableat:<巧ipkc.nwpu.n!jp2005/09/main/multibookl3/3-1.htm>accessedat16October2013Wikipedia，2013，Internetonline，availableat:<h柱p:/en.wikipedia.org/wikillnternet> accessed at 气6 October 2013IT168，2011，LANsecuritysolutionsonline，availableat:<:/net.it168/a2011/0223/11S9/0000011S9973.shtml> accessedat 16October2013100xuexi， 2010，thefeatureofInternetonline， availableat:<:/yingyu.100xuexilview/examdata/201007丁6/71B98AD1-E1C9-46EC-9900-6C04E97DF788.html>accessedat16October2013>accessedat16October2013Wikipedia，2013VoiceoverIPonline，availableat:<:/en.wkpedia.org/wikiNOIP>accessed at16October2013Wikipedia，2013Cloudputingonline<:/en.wik伊l2013edia.org/wikilC/oud_puting>accessedat16October