大学英语四级写作课件.ppt

CET-4 Writing 写作,CET-4的新变化(Since 2013),改变1（Listening Part）原复合式听写题目中的句子听写换成听写单词与词组。优势：学生不需要听长句，正确率上升 缺点：数量增多，需要听写共10个单词/词组。改变2（Reading Part）快速阅读原选择/填空题变为段落信息匹配题，加重对 考生理解能力的考察。改变3（Translation Part）完型填空取消；句子翻译改为段落翻译，分值上升15分。段落翻译除了考察学生的基本翻译能力外，着重考察学 生的全篇掌握能力，尤其是对上下文逻辑关系的理解。,四级写作部分简介,1.四级考试写作的评分原则,1作文采用总体评分法（Global Scoring），就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores），而不是按语言点错误数目扣分。2从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应该表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。既要考虑作文是否切题，是否用英语清楚而明确地表达了主题思想，也要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。3.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分，该给低分的给低分，包括0分，一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。,具体评分标准如下：,0分 白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而思想无法表达。2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。8分基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文章尚连贯，但语言错误比较多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，内容丰富，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误。另外，字数不足，也酌情扣分，如累计字数为110119扣1分，100109扣2分，9099扣3分，7079扣5分，5059扣7分，少于49扣9分。累计字数不包括题目中给出的主题句、起始句和结尾句中的字数。如果字数不少，但段落数不够，也酌情扣分。比如在要求写三段的作文中只写了一段，只能得04分；只写两段，只能得09分。,四级写作部分简介,2.时间与字数要求,1时间要求：30分钟 时间安排：3m 审题并构思结构和主要内容 20-25m 写 2m 检查2.字数要求：120-150字,考 试 题 型,议论文（Argument）,书信类(Letter),看图说话,图表类（Chart）,议论文（Argument）,话题：1）校园生活类话题：E.g 2009.12：Creating a Green Campus 2）社会热点类话题：E.g 2010.12:How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?如何写好一篇议论文？A Good OutlineOutline Composition（提纲作文）,General Outline of Arguments,1.一篇议论文基本可以分为3大部分1).引入话题（通过一个日常现象，最好不要照抄题目，可以进行同义词替换）2).议论部分（阐述不同的论点，注意题目中给出的中文提纲）3).总结（再次点题；再次强调自己的立场）2.段落数：2+N 一般为3-4段,例题,2000年6月Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?The first sentence has already be written for you.You should write at least 100 words,and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 2也有人持不同意见，3我的看法和打算,如何引入？一个现象,Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?,With the development of English education in China,nowadays,many attentions have been paid to spoken English skills.The question,wether students can actually use English as a communication tool after years of study,has caused hot debate.As a result,test of spoken English is becoming increasingly common in English education.But does it really necessary to set such a test?,如何议论？根据提纲，各个击破,1很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是2也有人持不同意见，3我的看法和打算(结论),议论段落基本结构：Topic Sentences+Supportive Details/Examples,如何结尾？你的看法和打算,我的看法和打算(结论),基本结构：Your thought+The meaning of your choice例：我认为应该举办英语口试+这么做的意义何在,In my opinion,a test of spoken English will do more good than harm.Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform,the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society.Whether I take the test or not,I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.,模板1,People hold different views about X./_ or _,which is better?Different people have diverse opinions upon this question(issue)./Peoples opinions are divided upon this issue.Some people think(believe,argue,recognize,)that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me,I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all,论据1.More importantly,论据2.Most important of all,论据3.In summary,总结观点.As a college student,I am supposed to 表决心.,模板2（3段论）,There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）.Some people are of the view that 观点1,while others take an opposite side,firmly believing that 观点2.As far as I am concerned,the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all,论据1.Furthermore,论据2.Among all of the supporting evidences,one is the strongest.That is,论据3.From the above discussion,we can come to the conclusion that 总结观点.(可加谚语做结尾),高分策略：注重结构的逻辑性,关联词：一.Addition此外 inaddition,and，similarly，besides，furthermore，also，moreover，notonly.but，二.Sequence顺序 In the first place,initially，tobeginwith，in the second place,moreover in the third place,at last,finally三.Consequence结果 asaresult,thus，therefore，consequently，itfollowsthat，thereby，eventually，tothatcase，admittedly,高分策略：注重结构的逻辑性,七.Summary总结 inconclusion,insummary，tosumup，toconclude，torecapitulate,inshort，all in all八.Example举例 forexample，forinstance，justas，inparticular，suchas，namely 九.Reason原因 since，as,so,because(of)，dueto，owingto，thereasonwhy，inotherwords,leadsto，cause,高分策略：注重结构的逻辑性,四.Contrast对比(转折)however,ontheotherhand，despite，inspiteof，though，although，but，onthecontrary，otherwise,yet，insteadof，rather，whereas，nonetheless comparedwith，incontrast 五.Certainty确定 obviously,certainly，plainly，ofcourse，undoubtedly 六.Condition条件 if,unless，whether，providedthat，sothat，whether，dependingon，In case that,图表类（Chart）,解题思路：1）审题：认真阅读写作提示2）作文提纲：第一段：转述文章题目，仔细描述图表内容，并阐述数据显 示出的问题/现象/趋势第二段：分析这种问题/现象/趋势出现的原因第三段：做出评价，这种问题/现象/趋势可能引发的结果与 对策。,例题,Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to start a short essay entitled The Reduction of Students Extracurricular Activities based on the statistics provided in the chart below(weekly hours).Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make your comments on it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.,hours,year,According to the figures shown in the graph,we can see that great changes have taken place in the extracurricular activities hours among student in the university.The hours students spent on extracurricular activities per week has been decreasing at a steady rate from the year of 2002 to 2012.This decrease proves that students are far away from the extracurricular activities.,第一段：描述图表内容：数据显示学生课外活动时间越来越少。,第二段：分析这种现象出现的原因。To account for this phenomenon,people have come up with various reasons.In the first place,now students spend much more time on computer games.So they cant have enough time to take regular physical exercises.In the second place,the universities dont pay as much attention on the extracurricular activities as on the students study.,第三段：做出评价：这种现象会引发健康问题，并给出对策。Whatever the reason is,this trend will definitely cause some health problems in the students.so in order to avoid such problems students must keep in mind that they should take more extracurricular activities and have a proper attitude toward it.,图表题,形式及常见类型图表 graph曲线 curve表格 table如果不能判断是什么类型的图就写picture或illustration,图表题,长用单词，结构及句型：单词：上升 increase rise soar go upward下降 decrease reduce go downward decline drop,图表题,占%：account for例：目前养狗的人数占这个小区总人数的30%。这个数字在两年后还要翻倍。The number of people raising dogs today accounts for thirty percent of all the people in the district.In two years this amount is expected to double.,图表题,句型：It is obvious in the picture thatThe picture indicates/makes it clear thatAs(can be)seen from the.,As is shown in the picture,.,描写图片或数据的常用句型,1.In 1990,it increased/decreased from.to.2.By comparison with 1998,it decreased/increased by3.The figure has nearly doubled,compared with that of last year.,描写图片或数据的常用句型,4.It has increased/decreased almost 倍数,compared with.5.The number is 倍数 as much as that of 1990.6.It takes up.percent of the total.7.The number was more/less than.,a half/third/quarter of the 1990 total.,看图说话,解题思路：1.仔细阅读题干，确定写作主题2.简要描述漫画（who,what,when,where）3.揭示主题（观点）并加以解释和说明论证；揭示现象(问题)并阐述现象（问题）产生的原因 4.给出自己的看法：(a)提出建议，重申观点(b)对如何解决漫画中所反映的问题提出合理建议或总结观点。,Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 150 words.,四级写作新题型-看图作文2013.06 真题,看图作文的解题思路应用,1.审题（认真阅读写作提示）：漫画信息“express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big”,确定写作主题：做任何大事前都应该从小事做起（一屋不扫，何以扫天下。）,作文提纲（结构）,第一段：简要描写图画内容（who,what,when,where）:父子之间的对话，儿子关注核废料处理（disposal of nuclear wastes）,父亲认为要从小事做起（empty the dustbin first）；,Doing Big Things Starts from Doing Small Ones,As is vividly revealed in the picture above,the boy expresses his worries about the disposal of nuclear wastes,while the father tells him to empty the dustbin in the room first.The picture reminds us of an old Chinese sayingIf you dont like to do trivial things like cleaning your room,its impossible for you to undertake any important task.,作文提纲（结构）,第二段：解释图画深刻含义（揭示主题）并加以解释和说明论证。努力做好小事可以培养做大事所需要的优良品质（develop good qualities needed undertaking important tasks）;,Undoubtedly,the symbolic meaning subtly conveyed in the picture should be that it is vital and necessary to deal with trivial things.Doing small things well may help us develop the good qualities needed in undertaking important tasks,which lays a solid foundation for our future development.Small things would often make the difference between success and failure.We surely know that the want of a horse shoe nail may cause a kingdom to be lost.Therefore,when it comes to the key to success,the most important thing lies in doing every trivial thing well.,解释图画深刻含义（揭示主题）并加以解释和说明论证,作文提纲（结构）,第三段：给出自己的看法（总结全文，强调正确的做法）。实现做大事的目标，不仅需要有雄心壮志（the great ambition）,还需要有从小事踏踏实实做起的实践精神（the practical spirit）.,给出自己的看法（总结全文，强调正确的做法）,In one word,to achieve goals needs not merely the great ambition,but the practical spirit of dealing with trivial things.Only in this way can we make the highest eminence.,awareness:漫画是新的，但阐述的道理或反映的问题应是熟悉的。2.preparation看看别人是怎么评价社会问题的。3.practice熟能生巧；记住一些常用的句型和短语，然后才能创新。4.learning多看英文范文；参考小学生看图作文也行。5.ease相信自己；相信常识；无须紧张和过度解读。,看图作文的应试策略,书 信,写信人的地址 日期 收信人姓名 收信人地址 呼语，开头语（写信和回信）正文 结尾语 结束语 落款,书 信,写信人的地址：中国 河南省 郑州市 兰考县 抓哇乡 Zhuawa village，Lankao County Zhengzhou,Henan Province China（由小到大）,关于日期的写法，应注意以下几点：年份应完全写出，不能简写。月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May,June,July,因为较短，不必缩写。写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，28，29，30，31等，也可用序数词 lst,2nd,3rd,4th,5th,28th,29th,30th,31st等。但最好用基数词，简单明了。日期可有下列几种写法：Oct.20,2007 20 Oct,2004 20th Oct,2004 Oct.20th,2004 按美国习惯,最为通用日期的写法，月、日、年，月份用英文，日和年用阿拉伯数字。例如：2008年9月8日应写成：Sep.8,2008 或 _09/08/2008_,书 信,收信人姓名和地址（给熟人可省）姓名前要加称号 对已婚男子用什么？未婚呢？对已婚女子用什么？未婚呢？不知结婚没结婚呢?对教授 Professor 对博士 Doctor(简写是什么)称呼：Dear XXX，是不是什么情况下都可以用dear来称呼？Dear guy/madam？,书 信,1）称呼：（1）写给机构：A.不认识负责人：Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sir/Madam,To whom it may concern,B.认识负责人：Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor(Michael)Wang,（2）写给个人：A.关系不亲密：Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor(Michael)Wang,B.关系亲密：Dear Michael,书 信,正文开头句：请求某事：I am a/an freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the School of Business in Ankang University.I boldly write this letter to.告知/反映某事：I am writing the letter in the purpose of expressing dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding/concerning the service of our canteen.,书 信,尾段写法：1）表示感谢：（1）My thanks to you.your generous help are beyond words.（2）Words cannot express my sincere gratitude to you.（3）I take this opportunity to show my heartist appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.2）期待回信：（1）I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon.（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.（3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.,练 习,2002年1月Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.You should write at least 100 words,and base your composition on:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写出一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。January 12th,2002Dear Mr.President,_Li Ming,高分策略：四大黄金句型,1.As引导的让步状语从句的句式变化先来看一个句子：尽管他年纪很小，但是他做事情就像个成年老爷们儿一样。Although he is young,he acts like a grown-up man.转化规则：把although 换成 as，并将表语提前，即可。即:Young as he is,he acts like a grown-up man.练习：尽管这本书很怪诞，但他背后所表达的思想却与海洋一样深邃。Ridiculous as the book is,the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.,高分策略：四大黄金句型,2.倒装在写作中我们可以使用的五种倒装有：1)only+状语在句首，后面句子部分倒装。We can solve the problem only in this way.Only in this way,can we solve the problem.He can make himself heard only by shouting at the top of his voice.Only by shouting at the top of his voice,can he make himself heard.2)介词地点状语提前，后接系表倒装。A young stands in the sunshine.In the sunshine,stands a young tree.(注意主谓一致),3)对if的倒转：过去：If he had stopped practice only after he had won a region championship,he would not have been the world super starHad he stopped practice only after he had won a region championship,he would not have been the world super star现在：If there were no such policy,we would never taste KFC at all。Were there no such policy,we would never taste KFC at all。将来：If the tendency were to continue,we would pay a higher price.Were the tendency to continue,we would pay a higher price.如果这种情况继续下去，我们将付出昂贵的代价。(在任何的段落中，凡是坏的事情，议论的时候都可以用这个万能句子),高分策略：四大黄金句型,3.witness 黄金句型：当我们说在什么时间发生什么事情的时候，都可以用witness。如：The past decade has witnessed a phenomenon that The past several years have witnessed a drastic development of economy in our country owing to the reform and open door policy being carried out.,高分策略：四大黄金句型,4.状语从句的省略问题：当从句和主句的主语相同，而从句中的动词为系动词的时候，从句中的主语和系动词可以被省略，但省略后的形式必须满足：引导词（连词）分词短语、形容词、副词短语、介词短语。如：When the delicate flower is removed out of the protection,it cannot stand the brush of the storm.When removed out of the protection,the delicate flower cannot stand the brush of the storm.下句对否：When at the age of 6,my father began to teach me English.方法1：把省略的部分补齐:when I was at the age of 6方法2：把后面的句子变为被动语态,Fight for youself,