大学英语四级翻译辅导.ppt

大学英语四级翻译辅导,基本介绍,新改革后翻译题型:段落翻译（汉译英）测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力。分值比例：15%考试时间：30分钟。内容：中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展 长度：140-160个汉字；,大学英语四级考试新题型评分标准,基本要求,词 词的选择（准确）专业词汇（积累）词组间的固定搭配长句 核心语法：并列句、主从复合句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等）、并列复合句、独立结构 抓句子主干 时态、语态以及结构正确&译文连贯性&句式变化草稿和“写”注重平时草稿练习 练习答案多样化 注重书写，书写要更加工整和清晰。,样卷,PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteour answeronAnswerSheet2.,样题,剪纸（papercutting）是中国最为流行的传统 民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年 的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（theMingandQingDynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。,分解成句子,1.剪纸（papercutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。2.中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（theMingandQingDynasties）特别流行。3.人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。4.剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。5.中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。,1.剪纸（papercutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。Paper cutting is one of Chinas most populartraditional folk arts.专业词汇剪纸 paper cutting民间艺术 folk arts,流行popular/widespread形式（省译-减词）,词的选择,句子主干：剪纸是之一 Paper cutting is one of,2.中国剪纸（1）有一千五百多年的历史，（2）在明朝和清朝时期（theMingandQingDynasties）特别流行。Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.固定搭配:有年历史 have/has/be with a history of在（某）朝代 during/in Dynasty/Dynasties句式变化合并为一句：With a history of more than 1,500 years.Chinese paper cutting was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.,长句核心语法：并列句,3.人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.（paper cuttings are often used to beautify.）During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations,in particular,paper cuttings are used to decorate doors,windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.词的选择美化 beautify 婚庆 wedding celebrations居家环境（抽象译法）homes增加气氛=加强气氛 enhance,4.剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red,which symbolizes health and prosperity.长句句式变化：The color red is most frequently used in paper cutting because it symbolizes healthy and prosperity 或者：The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red,symbolizing health and prosperity,长句核心语法：非限制性定语从句/伴随状语,5.中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.,长句核心语法：并列句,词的选择世界各地all around/over the world,答案,Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts.Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations,in particular,paper cuttings are used to decorate doors,windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red,which symbolizes health and prosperity.Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.,翻译具体步骤,1.解剖汉语长句，搞清词性，一 一 对应的去翻译。2.整理翻译出来的每个元素，调整句式。3.在落笔之前进行检查，避免词不达意等现象（翻译的过程中学会灵活变通，以简代繁，以通俗代高深，求全不求满。）,词,注重专业词汇的积累：有关中国节日、历史事件、旅游活动、经济文化、社会发展,Do You Know?,京剧太极孔子社会保障独生子女社会保险创业精神猎头公司市场多元化,Peking operaTai ChiConfuciussocial securitythe only child in a familysocial insuranceenterprising spirit;pioneering spirit head-huntermarket diversification,翻译题目的攻克方法,硬件条件积累 stimulate词汇量，句型量.!,其他翻译技巧,一、增词在段落翻译时，为了能充分的表达原文含义，以求达意，翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。例如：虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。译文为：Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.其中间加上了增连词whereas，以使英语的句子表达更加有逻辑性。,二、减词考生要明白，英语的表达倾向简洁，汉语比较喜欢重复，重复作为汉语的一种修辞手法，在某种场合下，重复的表达一个意思，是为了强调，加强语气。汉语中为了有更强的节奏感和押韵，也经常会出现排比句。考生在翻译这些句子时，为了符合英文表达的逻辑，就要有所删减或省略。例如：这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天!让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天吧!译文为：Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring,which is one of the revolution,of the people,and of science.以上的汉语是比较重复的排比句，汉译英时考生要遵守英语的逻辑表达，加上定语从句来翻译，这样英文句子读起来也朗朗上口。,三、词类转换英语语言的一个很重要的特点，就是词类变形和词性转换，尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。例如：她的书给我们的印象很深。译文为：Her book impressed us deeply.在此翻译中汉语中的名词印象转化成英语中的动词impress。四、语态转换语态分为被动语态和主动语态，汉语中主动语态使用率较高，英语中被动语态的使用率较高。所以考生在翻译时，要注意语态之间的转换。例如：这个小女孩在上学的路上受了伤。译文为：The little girl was hurt on her way to school.,五、语序变换为了适应英文的修辞避免歧义，有时需要对 原文的语序进行调整。六、分译与合译考生在遇到较长的句子或较复杂的句子时，可以考虑分译，以使译文简洁，通俗易懂。同时考生也可以把汉语的两个较简短的句子翻译成一句英文，可以用连接词来链接。七、正反表达翻译正反表达翻译可以分为两种情况：1.汉语从正面表达，英语从反面表达。2.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达。例如：他的演讲不充实。译文为：His speech is pretty thin.,汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达例4：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。译文：He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.（词）例5：调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。译文：The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.（短语）例6：这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。译文：Such actions couldnt long escape notice.（句子）,长句,核心语法：并列句、主从复合句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等）、并列复合句、独立结构 单句翻译真题挖掘新四级段落翻译考点，举一反三：定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、倒装、虚拟、否定、强调、比较结构。,Translation Practice,Sample 1,1.如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。3.因此，强烈建议大学生在 课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。,1.如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。,做事有困难 have difficulties in doing sth.“找工作有困难”having great difficulties in finding a good job“抱怨做某事”complain about doing sth.抱怨很难找到好工作：complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。,参考译文：Nowadays,more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job.,2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。,只有当才 强调句型it is only whenthat必要的职业培训 necessary job training,翻译为It is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training,3.因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。,强烈建议：翻译为it is highly suggested that.，其中highly suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替换，都表示“强烈建议做某事”。积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience.,参考译文：Therefore,it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.,词汇积累,专业词汇,民间艺术高雅艺术戏剧艺术文化产业文化交流文化冲突民族文化表演艺术文化底蕴,folk artsrefined arttheatrical artculture industrycross-cultural communicationculture shocknational cultureperforming artcultural deposit,华夏祖先同宗同源中国文学中国武术中国书法四大发明火药造纸术印刷术指南针,the Chinese ancestorsof the same originChinese literature Chinese martial art/Kung FuChinese calligraphythe four inventions of ancient Chinagunpowderpaper-makingprinting the compass,四书中国画习武健身工艺手工艺品寓言神话传说阴历对联,the Four Bookstraditional Chinese paintingpractice martial art for fitnessworkmanship/craftsmanshiphandicraftfablemythologylegend lunar calendarantithetical couplet,传统节日春节元宵节清明节端午节中秋节重阳节中华文明朝代中外学者拜年,traditional holidaysSpring FestivalLantern Festival Pure Brightness FestivalDragon boat festivalMid-Autumn FestivalDouble Ninth Day/the Aged DayChinese civilization dynasty Chinese and overseas scholarspay a new year visit,爆竹、鞭炮除夕春联辞旧迎新饺子挂年画年夜饭年终大扫除压岁钱舞龙,firecrackereve of Chinese new yearspring coupletsbring out the old year and ring in the newboiled dumplingto hang out new years pictures the eve feastyear end household cleaningnew year gift moneydragon dance,灯谜踏青赏月登高文明摇篮赛龙舟离退休人员贫困地区致富独生子女家庭,lantern riddlego for an outing in Springappreciate/enjoy/watch the full moonclimb mountaincradle of civilizationdragon-boat raceretired peoplepoverty-stricken areato become well-offfamily with only one child,人才流动儒家文化一国两制火锅下岗中外合资企业必游之地旺季随团旅游风景，自然景观世界观,brain drain/brain flowConfucian cultureOne Country,Two Systemshot potlay offjoint venturesa must-see place/sighthigh seasongroup tourlandscapeworld outlook,淡季公共交通不夜城大都市历史文化名城地方风味小吃旅游景点丝绸之路名胜古迹历代,low seasonpublic transitsleepless citymetropolisa famous historic and cultural citylocal delicacyscenic spotsthe Silk Roadscenic spots and historical sitesvarious dynasty,象征人类文化国民生活媒体活动民间舞蹈广为人知追溯悠久传统人情味,symbol/symbolizethe culture of mankindpeoples livesmedia eventsfolk dancebe widely knowntrace backlong traditiongenuine humanity.,素质教育中国特色的社会主义大中型国有企业物质精神文明建设,Essential-qualities-oriented EducationSocialist with Chinese characteristicsLarge and Medium-sized State-owned EnterprisesThe construction of Material civilization and Spiritual civilization,实战演练,Translation,端午节（the Duanwu Festival），也叫龙舟节（the Dragon Boat Festival）,是中国农历(Chinese lunar calendar)的五月初五。关于这个节日有很多传说，但是最著名是屈原的传说。屈原是战国(the Warring States Period)时期楚国的以为大臣。他正直，忠诚，因为提出让国家和平繁荣的建议为人所尊重。然而，国王的统治让屈原日益心灰意冷，他于农历五月初五沉汩罗江。,Keys,The Duanwu Festival,also called the Dragon Boat Festival,falls on the 5th day of the 5th month according to Chinese lunar calendar.Many legens circulate around the fesrival but the most popular is the legend of Qu Yuan.Qu was a minister of the State of Chu during the Warring States Period.He was upright,loyal and highly esteemed for his wise counsel that brought peace and prosperity to the state.However,the emperor gradually made Qu disappointed.He drowned himself in the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.,