生物化学之绪论(一).ppt
生 物 化 学 BIOCHEMISTRY,“Biochemistry has become the lingua franca of the life science and greatly illuminates subsequent study in any area of biology,and not only biology.An early course in biochemistry for students of chemistry or physics provides challenging glimpses of how living organisms solve some of the most fundamental chemical and physical problems”Albert.L.Lehninger in(1982),生物的多样性及共同性,What are these distinguishing features of living organisms?,A high degree of chemical complexity and microscopic organization.Thousands of different molecules make up a cells intricate internal structures.Each has its characteristic sequence of subunits,its unique three-dimensional structure,and its highly specific selection of binding partners in the cell.,Systems for extracting,transforming,and using energy from the environment,enabling organisms to build and maintain their intricate structures and to do mechanical,chemical,osmotic,and electrical work.Inanimate matter tends,rather,to decay toward a more disordered state,to come to equilibrium with its surroundings.,A capacity for precise self-replication and self-assembly.A single bacterial cell placed in a sterile nutrient medium can give rise to a billion identical“daughter”cells in 24 hours.Each cell contains thousands of different molecules,some extremely complex;yet each bacterium is a faithful copy of the original,its construction directed entirely from information contained within the genetic material of the original cell.,Mechanisms for sensing and responding to alterations in their surroundings,constantly adjusting to these changes by adapting their internal chemistry.,Defined functions for each of their components and regulated interactions among them.This is true not only of macroscopic structures,such as leaves and stems or hearts and lungs,but also of microscopic intracellular structures and individual chemical compounds.The interplay among the chemical components of a living organism is dynamic;changes in one component cause coordinating or compensating changes in another,with the whole ensemble displaying a character beyond that of its individual parts.The collection of molecules carries out a program,the end result of which is reproduction of the program and self-perpetuation of that collection of moleculesin short,life.,A history of evolutionary change.Organisms change their inherited life strategies to survive in new circumstances.The result of eons of evolution is an enormous diversity of life forms,superficially very different but fundamentally related through their shared ancestry.,生物化学的研究内容,研究生物的化学组成、生命过程中的化学变化。回答：生命起源、太空生命、进化、发育、组织、免疫、学习与记忆、行为、心理、疾病The Chemical Foundation of Life,生命的分子逻辑（the molecular logic of the living state）,所有生物都含有按一套共同蓝图构建的有机大分子。（生物大分子的简化性）所有生物都使用相同的构件分子（building-block molecules）。所有生物均通过其所含有的一套特有的核酸蛋白质系统而保持其特殊性。所有生物分子在细胞中均有特定的功能。细胞是能从环境中汲取能量和物质，自我装配、自我调节、自我延续的恒温体系。,细胞是生物分子排列成的复杂性逐步增加的系统：,有机体/组织 细胞细胞器超分子装配系统生物大分子构件分子元素,27种元素，主要是4种（C、H、O、N）,蛋白质（1011-1012）、核酸、糖、脂,氨基酸（20种）、核苷酸（8种）、单糖、脂肪酸,生物膜、染色体、核糖体、细胞骨架,多样性增加和复杂性增加,生物化学主要研究范畴,大肠杆菌的分子组成,成分 相对含量 分子种类水 70 1蛋白质 15 3000DNA 1 1RNA 6 1000糖 3 50脂 2 40构件分子 2 500无机离子 1 12,Biology is a science of information.,目录,第一部分 主要生物分子类群结构与性质序（生物分子类群、水解）第一章 糖第二章 脂第三章 蛋白质第四章 核酸第二部分 功能性生物分子结构与功能第五章 酶和辅酶第六章 细胞信号分子（激素、细胞因子、神经递质、受体）第七章 运输分子（血浆转运蛋白、细胞膜载体、膜通道）第八章 防御分子（抗体、抗原、毒素、抗生素）,目录（续）,第三部分 细胞代谢第九章 代谢总论第十章 能量代谢（能量的储存、转化与释放）：糖酵解、柠檬酸循环、脂肪酸B-氧化、呼吸链和氧化磷酸化、酮体的生成和利用第十一章 构件分子的合成与转化第十二章 生物活性分子的合成与转化第四部分 生物大分子合成第十三章 DNA的生物合成第十四章 RNA的生物合成第十五章 蛋白质的生物合成,教科书和参考文献,王镜岩等：生物化学（第三版），高等教育出版社，2002 David L.Nelson,Michael M.Cox Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,Fifth Edition.B.Alberts et al,Molecuar Biology of the cell(third edition),Garland Publishing.Inc.T.McKee and J.R.McKee Biochemistry WCB（wm.C.Brown Publishers）1996 刘曼西 生物化学学习指导与题解，华中科技大学出版社，2003.10,化学题录（CT）、化学文摘（CA）、生物学文摘（BA）,Chemical Titles(CT)：美国化学协会周刊，通过关键词指导读者了解近期发表的论文。Chemical Abstracts(CA)：美国化学协会周刊，分两部分：index（关键词和作者）和 abstracts。摘引期刊12000多种，报道22个国家的专利和文献。Biological Abstracts（BA）：美国科学情报处，半月刊，摘引期刊12000种左右。,网上生物化学杂志,Science(searchable,Table of Contents and Abtracts,Complete Articles for subscribers,Science Now!daily science news)Nature(Table of Contents and Abstracts,Editorials,Special On-line Information)Molecular Microbiology(Table of Contents,Abstracts;journal available electronically via subscription)Journal of Biological Chemistry(searchable,abstracts,full text articles available via subscription),Cell(Table of Contents and Abstracts for the journals Cell,Neuron,and Immunology)PNAS(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(Table of Contents,Abstracts)Journal of Molecular Biology(guest login gives you access to Table of Contents and Abstracts,entire articles available via paid subscription)EMBO(Current Table of Contents,Abstracts)Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Nucleic Acids Research Nucleic Acids Research On-Line(Table of Contents,Abstracts;full-text available to subcribers)Biochemistry(ACS,full text in html,.pdf for limited time)Biochemistry On-line,Current Opinion in Biotechnology Current Opinion in Cell Biology Current Opinion in Genetics and Development Current Opinion in Immunology Current Opinion in Neurobiology Current Opinion in Structural Biology Current Biology Chemistry and Biology Folding and Design Structure,Grading System,Homework and Quiz:30%Final Exam:70%,
