货币金融学第一章.ppt

Appendix to Chapter 1第一章附录,Defining Aggregate Output,Income,the Price Level,and the Inflation Rate对总产出、总收入、价格水平以及通货膨胀率的定义,Aggregate Output and Aggregate Income,Aggregate OutputGross Domestic Product(GDP)=market value of all final goods and services produced in the domestic economy during a particular yearAggregate IncomeTotal income of the factors of production(land,capital,labor)during a particular yearDistinction Between Nominal and RealNominal=values measured using current pricesReal=quantities measured with constant prices,Aggregate Output and Aggregate Income 总产出与总收入,总产出国内生产总值(gross domestic product，GDP)是最经常使用的总产出的指标，指的是一个国家在一年中所生产的所有最终产品和服务的市场价值。总收入总收入(aggregate income)是指在一年中生产要素(factors of production，土地、劳动力和资本)在生产产品和服务的过程中所获得的全部收入。实际量与名义量的区别名义量=使用现价被测量的价值 实际量=以不变的价格测量数量,Aggregate Price Level物价总水平,Aggregate Price Level物价总水平,物价总水平被定义为经济社会中平均价格的指标。第一种是GDP平减指数(GDP deflator)，它等于名义GDP除以实际GDP的商。另一个被广泛使用的物价总水平指标是消费者物价指数(consumer price index，CPI)。消费者物价指数(Consumer Price Index)，是对城市家庭所购买的一揽子产品和服务定价的衡量，主要反映消费者支付商品和劳务的价格变化情况。,Growth Rates and the Inflation Rate,Growth Rates and the Inflation Rate增长率与通货膨胀率,增长率被定义为某一变量变动的百分比。增长率(xtxt1)x t1100GDP增长率(9.5万亿美元9万亿美元)/9万亿美元100=5.6%通货膨胀率(113111)/111100=1.8%,