新世纪大学英语系列教程第2版综合教程2问题详解.doc

wordUnit Two Optimism and Positive ThinkingEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. plete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. Answers: 1) positive2) startled3) perspective4) harden5) shape6) address7) crises8) curse9) incredible10) conversely11) issue12) response13) prior14) rare15) acplish2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.Answers: 1) get the hang of2) have lived through3) makes a difference4) have no idea5) concerned with6) slipped over7) ran into8) in reverse9) mull overIncreasing Your Word Power1. Decide whether “do, “make or “take is needed to plete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary.Answers: 1) does2) make3) take4) do5) make6) Take7) done8) taken9) making10) took2. In each of the following sentences you are given two confusable words or expressions in brackets. Choose the appropriate one to fill in the blank. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.Answers: 1) concerned2) Concerning3) reject4) declined5) unconscious6) subconscious7) former8) preceding9) raise10) rise3. Now match each of the English word in Column A with its Chinese equivalent in Column B. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.Answers:1) d2) j3) k4) a5) b6) h7) c8) f9) l10) e11) g12) iGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: When it is used as a conjunction, “as can mean “when / while, “though / although, “since / because, “in the way / manner that, etc., and it can also be used in a parative structure. Study the following sentences and explain the meaning of “as in each sentence. Answers for reference: 1) in the way /manner that2) though / although3) when4) since5) used in a parison6) though7) while8) in the way thatTask 2: plete the following sentences after the example by translating the Chinese into English, using “as as a relative pronoun. Answers for reference: 1) as you describe / have described / described2) as concern every one of us3) As is well known4) As we all can see5) as you show / as you have shown for your teacher6) As is reported / announced in todays papersClozeplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given. Answers:1) perspective2) despair3) necessity4) perform5) Conversely6) prophecy7) where8) as9) achieve10) recognize11) dealt with12) attitude13) channels14) concerned:/images.google /imgres?imgurl=:/ translation-polish /assets/illust.jpg&imgrefurl=:/ translation-polish /&h=285&w=193&sz=10&tbnid=NswmDWJwtawJ:&tbnh=109&tbnw=74&start=18&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtranslation%2B%26hl%3Dzh-%20Translation Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets. Answers for reference:1) Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully appreciate this. / The only people who can fully appreciate this are those who have lived through a similar experience.2) Scientists have been hard pressed to figure out how these particles form/ are formed and interact (with one another).3) Those who have got the hang of Rubiks Cube (Magic Cube) can return each face to consisting of one colour in no time.4) The individual success of the employees in a team environment results in success for the pany.5) The war, although successful in military terms, left the economy almost in ruins.6) He decided to channel his energies into something useful, instead of being glued to / sitting in front of the TV set all day long.7) Theres a difference between strength and courage. It takes strength to survive. It takes courage to live.8) She was by nature a very affectionate person, always ready to give a helping hand to others.Theme-Related WritingDo either of the following two writing tasks. You may draw on some useful ideas and expressions from a variety of sources, such as the two texts in this unit or the Internet.1) Having read the two passages in this unit, you may have e to a better understanding of life and the times when pessimistic and optimistic thoughts take turns to affect your behaviour. Write a letter of encouragement (of about 150 words) to one of your high school friends who failed in the college entrance examination. Tell him or her about your new understanding of the need to remain optimistic.2) The writers of the two texts in this unit convey to us the message that we need to look at the positive side of anything that es to us and that we need to take an optimistic and positive attitude toward life. Write an essay (of about 150 words) to share your ideas with your classmates. The following hints may be of some help:a. What is meant by “thinking positively?b. What is the connection between success and optimism?c. How can we keep an optimistic and positive attitude?Sample Letter for Task 1:Dear Weihua,I know you are still feeling upset about your results in the college entrance examination. Ive just read an article about how pessimistic and optimistic thoughts can affect our behaviour and Im now sending you a copy, hoping that it will help you step out of the shadows.Naturally, failing the college entrance examination can be very depressing, yet if you continue to dwell on the past, you will never be able to pick yourself up and focus on what is more important for now and the future. Life is full of trials and anyone may suffer setbacks. We must take an optimistic attitude towards the things we have to deal with. Optimism and positive thinking are powerful forces. Good things do e true if we picture them often. Please do have confidence in your potential. Just work hard and prepare for another chance.You will make it.Yours,Janet(152 words)Sample Essay for Task 2:Thinking positively means allowing your mind to be filled with optimistic feelings, and always hoping for the best though still aware of the difficulties that might be involved.The human mind is powerful; thoughts of optimism and pessimism can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. Though it might seem impossible to some, positive thinking and success actually have a cause-and-result relationship. The reason is that a person with positive thinking will always broadcast goodwill and confidence and that kind of radiating attitude will take a hold on everybody.Gradually, peoples attitude will shift towards more trust and respect. This not only opens up more opportunities for the individual, but it also feeds back emotionally, and the cycle continues.Though the shaping of a positive or negative personality often happens subconsciously, it is possible to control such processes consciously. A person can try visualizing favourable situations, whether it is remembering a contest won as a child or imagining getting that job offer so long sought after. Over time circumstances will change accordingly. (169 words)Unit ThreeThe Road to SuccessEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions3. In the box below are some of the words you have learnt in this unit. plete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. Answers:a) favourable b) discouragedc) consentedd) neglecte) creptf) sufficientg) tracedh) somewhati) refreshj) worthyk) prospectsl) resolvedm) remarkedn) undergoo) rewarded4. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. Answers: 16) pack up17) many a18) stays the course19) put to the test20) flooding in21) came across22) e up with23) plunged . intoIncreasing Your Word Power1. Listed in the box below are some unit nouns. Discuss their meanings and then plete the following table by filling in the appropriate unit noun. The same unit noun may be used for more than once. Consult a dictionary if necessary.Answers: a slice of breada particle of rocka bunch of keysa bar of soapa can of orange juicea sheet of glassan item of businessan article of furniturea slice of meata particle of dusta can of beera bar of chocolatean article of luggagea bunch of flowersa sheet of paperan item of expense2. Words such as respectful, respectable andrespective may cause confusion because they are similar either in meaning or in spelling. To municate effectively, we need to pay special attention to such confusable words. Answers: 1) neglected2) neglectful3) colourful4) coloured5) rough6) tough7) worth8) worthy9) favourable10) favourite11) respectful12) respectable13) respective14) considerate15) considerable3. Word BuildingMatch each of the English word in Column A with its Chinese meaning in Column B.You may consult a dictionary if necessary. Answers:1) d. 2) i 3) l 4) a 5) k 6) o 7) p 8) b 9) m 10) n 11) e 12) c 13) f 14) g 15) h 16) j Grammar in context1. Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to thesubordinate clauses and connectives. Reflect on their grammatical function and then do the task that follows. Task: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by choosing proper connectives from the box below. Answers for reference: 1) what 2) whether 3) whose 4) whoever 5) what 6) where 7) how 8) which 9) that 10) that2Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention to “thepreposition + relative pronoun structure. Reflect on their uses and then do the following task.Task: plete the following sentences using a preposition and a relative pronoun. Answers for reference: 1 of which 2) for which 3) in which 4) in whom 5) of which 6) to which 7) for which 8) at which Clozeplete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each target word is given. Answers:1) for 2) aware 3) affair 4) prospects 5) storage 6) matter 7) plunged 8) break 9) offered 10) dancing 11) cleared 12) welled 13) stick 14) sacrifices 15) published:/images.google /imgres?imgurl=:/ translation-polish /assets/illust.jpg&imgrefurl=:/ translation-polish /&h=285&w=193&sz=10&tbnid=NswmDWJwtawJ:&tbnh=109&tbnw=74&start=18&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtranslation%2B%26hl%3Dzh-%20Translation 1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets. Answers for reference:1) Rumour has it that his new book is based on a true story about a family in a small Tennessee town.2) He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work on the side to bring in extra cash / money.3) Its good to be confident (about yourself), but theres a difference between (self-)confidence and conceit.4) Only those who stick it out can achieve success. Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams.5) A true hero possesses / has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices.6) Anyone who picks up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down.7) In a sense, life is like swimming; if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you (will) never learn.8) The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training.Theme-Related Writing1) Write a narrative essay (of about 150 words) about your pursuit of a dream or someones experiences in making his / her dream e true.Sample essayLi Hui, my friend in high school, was born into a workers family. She began to dream of being a cartoon artist from her childhood. To her disappointment, her parents strongly opposed her career choice, because the cost of her education would be too high for the poor family, and they were worried about the job opportunities for a cartoon artist. However, Li Hui would not change her mind. She worked hard to perfect her skills and searched persistently for ways to realise her dream. Just before she finished high school, the chance came: a famous art school was holding a cartoon drawing petition. The first three winners would be given a scholarship to study cartoon drawing at the school. Li Hui told herself not to let the chance slip through her fingers. She readily participated and won the second place. She is now studying there and I feel certain that her dream will e true. (156 words)2) People may have different opinions about the key factors for success. Write a short essay (of about 150 words) and share your opinions with your classmates.Sample essay:In my opinion, before a person bees successful, he or she should fully understand the basic elements of success: petence, determination and optimism. For a person to succeed, he or she has to face great petition and excel in his or her chosen career. The person needs to demonstrate and prove his or her petence in dealing with problems. Without petence, the person can neither stand out among the crowd nor attract the attention of those who hold the keys to the doors of opportunity and advancement.Yet ability alone cannot guarantee success. Often enough, things do not go the way we have planned and failure is unavoidable no matter how intelligent or capable we may be. In such cases one needs to remain firm and optimistic, always believing that hard work will eventually pay off. If the person gives up halfway, success will never knock at the door. (149 words)Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action Working with Words and Expressions1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. plete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.Answers:1) objective 2) current 3) adopt 4) exhibit5) capture6) integrated7) outstanding 8) strategies 9) convince10) striving/strive 11) diagnosed12) side 13) spaced 14) thick15) painful16) eventually 17) fascinating 18) confidence 19)label20) creations2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourse