考研英语阅读理解(142).ppt

考研英语阅读理解,黄硕,INDEX,第一二课第三四课第五六课第七八课第九十课,第一课,考研阅读介绍文章00.1,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,E,关于考研阅读文章来源,来源大学低年级课本,S,D,p1,q1,e.g.94.1,关于考研阅读文章来源,来源大学低年级课本美英报刊、杂志,关于考研阅读文章来源,趋势报刊杂志的文章逐渐占据主流e.g.2004年考题：U.S News&World ReportNewsweekEconomist,关于考研阅读文章类型,社会科学自然科学人文科学,关于考研阅读文章类型,社会科学自然科学人文科学,关于考研阅读文章类型,社会科学经济学，政治学，心理学，传播学，教育学，社会学,关于考研阅读文章类型,社会科学经济学，政治学，心理学，传播学，教育学，社会学,经济学,关于考研阅读文章类型,经济学00年，美国宏观经济形势01年，企业并购02年，石油美国经济的影响03年，企业并购04年，美国宏观经济形势05年，医疗保障制度和国家财政,关于考研阅读文章类型,经济学00年，美国宏观经济形势01年，企业并购02年，石油美国经济的影响03年，企业并购04年，美国宏观经济形势05年，医疗保障制度和国家财政,关于考研阅读文章类型,社会科学经济学，政治学，心理学，传播学，教育学，社会学,经济学,关于考研阅读文章类型,社会科学经济学，政治学，心理学，传播学，教育学，社会学,经济学,关于考研阅读文章类型,传播学96年 BBC97年 Time Warner01年 美国新闻记者协会,“困境”,关于考研阅读文章类型,社会科学经济学，政治学，心理学，传播学，教育学，社会学,经济学,关于考研阅读文章类型,自然科学“纯“自然科学文章几乎绝迹考察思路：联系社会科学信息学医疗,关于考研阅读文章类型,人文科学文、史、哲00年开始出现01.5 散文,关于考研阅读文章体裁,议论文,说明文,记叙文,应用文,1篇,关于考研阅读文章体裁,议论文,说明文,记叙文,应用文,80%,20%,关于考研阅读议论文重点,论点,论据论证,论证关系,关于考研阅读议论文重点,论证关系,”demonstrate?,关于考研阅读议论文重点,例证题,”demonstrate?,关于考研阅读议论文重点,论点,论据论证,论证关系,关于考研阅读特点,重现内容经济学、医学词汇03.3M&AMerger&Acquisition02.4implication,关于考研阅读特点,赶时髦99互联网01并购02安乐死Internet03.1 Spying04.1 Searching,关于考研阅读特点,赶时髦美国和世界宏观经济,关于考研阅读,主考美国英国澳大利亚,programcentercentrelicenselicencepracticepractiselaborlaboursubwaytubemetro,关于考研阅读,programme,考研英语难度,平均分03 46分0449分0549分60以上的人数，20%以下,三层逻辑原作者写作逻辑出题人改写逻辑出题人出题逻辑,复习,学习出题人的逻辑思路找到相对应的方法,“只要有逻辑的地方就有方法”苏格拉底英语学到一定程度就是学习逻辑 50%基础30%方法20%练习100%能力,考研阅读 vs.六级阅读,题量45=20 2=40,长度4004=16003504=1400,词汇55005500,时间75min35min,考研阅读 vs.六级阅读,考研阅读 vs.六级阅读,M:这个屋子里有什么味道让我觉得很难受。W:I wonder what it is.,六级)这个女同志奇怪是什么味道。,考研)这个女同志同意男的观点。,What does the woman mean?,文章,看文章时：首段各段首句看完文章：主旨（主题、论点、中心）及核心概念作者态度,文章,00.1P49Here we go,00.1,，but，,00.1,effortlessineffectivedreadfulterriblehandicapdisadvantage,00.1,unparalleledexceptionalextraordinaryunbeatableremarkable,“好”,00.1,primacyn.primaryadj.,00.1,on the ropes,？,sweeping into,suicide,第二课,阅读理解做题思路文章练习,考研阅读六大误区,凭空做题没有定位,先读选项再看文章,看文章时或快或慢,看完文章干干净净,不懂的句子反复读,不懂的句子随便猜,先看选项再看文章,凭空做题没有定位,看文章时或快或慢,看完文章干干净净,不懂的句子反复读,不懂的句子随便猜,做题顺序,大结构,小结构,结构清晰细节复杂信息量大选项迷惑,阅读步骤,PASSAGE,A),B),C),D),1,2,4,3,阅读步骤,题干陷阱used to,TRUENOT FALSEFALSE except,文章结构,95%,80%,50%,50%,but,and,because,obviously,is,核心词笔记结构信息,逻辑关系转折but,however,yet although seem,sound like,looked as though,but,核心词笔记结构信息,逻辑关系因果therefore,because,causemeans,核心词笔记结构信息,逻辑关系平行结构（并列、递进）and,also,on the other hand,similar tomoreover,not only but also,核心词笔记结构信息,逻辑关系最高级Biggest最高级和比较级表示否定beyond disputemore than a fashion,核心词笔记,作者态度obvious,of cause,certainly,surely,truly,indeed,核心词笔记,论据1.特征词For example,For instance,For evidence,such as,survey,核心词笔记,论据2.具体数字和大写字母数字、时间地点、人名、事件3.排比(1);(2)do do doif if if(3)小词逗号并列,文章详略,The economy of the nation is very good.,GDP aspect.,.,Jobless rate aspect.,Productivity concern.,“Economy is healthy”,noted by Greenspan,who comes from authority.,As a conclusion,I believe.,小结构,句法分析入手，准确断句关键复杂化为简单，长句化为短句各个单独击破，意思组合理解,文章,00.2P50Here we go,00.2,20,70,M:1.05,F:1,00.2,过度繁殖遗传变异生存竞争适者生存能者多生,自然选择：,长难句1,Differences have diminished,and have diminished,理解1：,理解2：,00.2,they 进化assavage 船as不能理解,重要,00.2,however+adj.+主语+谓语形容词的倒装翻译：无论都,作业1,00.4P5394.2,3P295.2,3,4P10,See you tomorrow,第三四课,文章题型指代题文章开篇类型1对比概念开篇关于复习,文章,00.4P53,00.4,社会学社会发展，教育学首段转折型,00.4长难句,post-war之后pre-=under-之前under-graduate本科生,graduate student研究生post-graduate student,00.4长难句,graduate,Master硕士PhD博士,master candidate硕士生,00.4,工作道德观下降,00.4长难句,The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.,00.4长难句,The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.,00.4长难句,The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.,00.4长难句,and limit 年轻人机会,who 置疑个人牺牲,involved in 向上爬,00.4,工作道德观下降现象,00.4长难句,stress A over B强调A，忽视B,00.4长难句,stress A over B强调A，忽视B,00.4长难句,drop out退学drop offget offget on,00.4长难句,outcry大声疾呼upend终结，颠覆outburst大爆发,00.4,工作道德观下降现象原因：教育,00.4长难句,have more to do with与更有关系have much to do with与很有关系,00.4长难句,nuclear family核心家庭extended family延展性家庭two generation householdmulti-generation household,00.4,现象,原因,工作道德观下降年轻人不满意原因：教育原因：life-style,文章主题出现方式,开门见山型难度：*特征：文章首段首、末句出现主题,过渡型难度：*特征：二段、三段首句过渡句标志：another(00.2),首段转折型难度：*特征：首段出现转折词标志：but(00.4),文章主题出现方式开门见山型,判断依据：Make SenseImportancee.g.94.3,94.3,EC教育,94.3,(上段：EC教育)(1)Although 需要，环境(2)While主角，配角(3)家庭和社会(4)学校,94.3,(上段：EC教育)(1)Although 需要，环境(2)While主角，配角(3)家庭和社会(4)学校,重要,94.3,EC教育教育重要性,94.3,S.W.O.TStrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesThreat,94.3,EC教育 教育重要性,94.3,EC教育 教育重要性教育机会,EC教育,94.2,过渡型while,(L.1,Para.2)自然科学社会科学,94.2,marketmarketingaccountaccountingaccountant,accountn.账户v.导致解释(for),94.257题,RUS,记录销售,功能,文章类型1对比概念开篇,96.3花开两朵，各表一支定义：文章开篇提出两个概念性含义（抽象名词），两个概念就是核心概念，中心思想核心把握两个概念的区别与联系关键词by contrast，differently,95.2,compare,comparable=similar,contrast,by contrast=on the other hand,95.2,triptraveljourney,trekStar Trek,95.3,信息科学对人类生活的影响自然科学社会科学指代题,95.3,complicated,95.3,migrationemigrationimmigration,95.3,migrationemigrationimmigration,题型1指代题(95.3),返回原文，找到出题的指代词向前搜索（一句），找到最近的名词、代词、短语或从句将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺,题型1指代题(95.3),将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项比较，找出最佳答案。注意三、四两步顺序不可颠倒一般指代前面最近的词可以重点考虑从句,题型1指代题(95.3),they(this,it)asthat,题型1指代题(95.3),Othey.,that.,as.,95.3,Adding to=besides参考：98.5 P39.3.1,95.3,complicated societal,95.3,complicated societal amount,95.3,信息需要,complicated societal amount科技解决方案,95.3,complicated societal amount科技解决方案,文章,95.4强对比取非的思路,95.4,positively=veryprofoundlyfantastically,经济增长 fantastically high,95.4,exclusively排他性地=onlytotally,作业,96.2,3,5 P1897.1,2,4 P2598.1,5 P3399.1 P33See you soon,第五六课,文章类型2时文开篇1/2,标准型96.2 97.1以某一具体报道或新闻事件开篇时文引出观点，找到对应的评论或引发的深层问题首段作为举例处理,二段找主题,文章类型2时文开篇2/2,缩减型开门见山型00.1直接提出要探讨的问题，省略文章开头的报道,96.2,标准型时文开篇传播学探讨“困境”,96.2,BBC历史和现状,96.2,BBC历史和现状 主题：in doubt,for the time beingIn years to come,96.2,launch发射（火箭）引发（运动，争论）,launch,take off,landing,96.2,BBC历史和现状 过渡提出问题 现象,96.2,BBC历史和现状 过渡提出问题 争论起因 支持观点,96.2,long-termshort-term,long-runshort-run,96.2,BBC是否变化,BBC历史和现状 过渡提出问题 争论起因 支持观点 反对观点变化,97.1,标准型时文（96.2,97.1)大纲样题1法律学把握文章重要信息,97.1,parliament议会congressincurable 无法治愈的=terminalcurev.治愈,97.1,Via=bye.g.via busvia air,96.5,安乐死,97.1,import(ant)（重要性）含义implication（暗示性）含义connotation言外之意,97.1,some others,one anotherboth andneither noreither ornot only but also,97.1,some others one another in contrast A unlike B,强对比，互取非,97.1,observer观察家反义：insider内部人士=someone,outsider,出局者无希望取胜者,-erobserverbeginnerplayerTeacher,-ormentorprofessoractor,-ist-antscientistphysicistartistdentistaccountant,题型2句子理解题1/3,97.197.500.1“on the ropes”,题型2句子理解题2/3,通常为段落首、末句考察句间逻辑，找关系词和标点判断：转折关系顺承关系（并列、递进）意思不能确定通过上下文，对于论点可以通过论据理解,题型2句子理解题3/3,局部含义受限于整体含义段落中心和全文中心帮助确定意思,96.5,安乐死 争论&趋势,97.1,pill药丸tablet药片capsule胶囊encapsulatev.封装,97.1,certificate证明（真实性）license许可=permission,证明：,97.1,hauntflaunttauntdauntgaunt,萦绕于心招摇嘲弄沮丧憔悴,96.5,安乐死 争论&趋势 例子,97.1,object to反对subject to屈从,96.3,社会科学经济史超经典语言复杂长难句多内容抽象大纲样题4,96.3,背把握内容重点,96.3,capital首都队长资本大写字母v.capitalize,upper caselower case,96.3,line思路story line故事主线,96.3,many an old firm,=many old firms,96.3,The change met the technical requi-rements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and pre-vented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.,96.3,The change met the technical requi-rements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and pre-vented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.,96.3,The change met the technical requi-rements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and pre-vented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.,96.3,The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.,96.3,collectivism集体主义SOEState Owned EnterprisePLCPublicly Listed CorporationNGONon-governmental Organization,96.3,change,96.3,change consequence,96.3,Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increas-ed the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class,an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.,96.3,Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increas-ed the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class,an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.,96.3,Change increase SH,阶级,代表财富,分离：土地,分离：管理,96.3,The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands,but even he had seldom that familiar per-sonal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.,96.3,The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands,but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.,96.3,The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands,but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.,96.3,patriarchal父系的,arch-主要的,patri-父亲的,patriarch,archangel,96.3,render+n+adj.使得怎么样,on equal terms在同等条件下,96.3,strike罢工lockout停工,Trade Union,96.3,长难句断句：,连词介词非谓语动词固定结构,96.3非谓语动词断句,an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth(which is)detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;,96.3,固定结构,oneanothersomeothereitherorneither nornot onlybut also,96.3,change consequence relation,96.3,L C,L,C,L,C,关系,家庭企业,L.L.C,P.L.C,工会,效率,changeconsequencerelation,Review,Review复习评论审稿特点态度明确结构清晰,文章,00.3P52,文学评论,结构清楚,态度明确,00.3,形容词转意advisable合理的sweeping彻底的,00.3,FP不好,However+adj+主+谓倒装结构意思：无论都,00.3,pour out倾泻出pouring rainIt rains cats and dogs.,00.3,stopceasehamper,00.3,FP不好FP观点,00.3,FP不好FP观点作者观点,00.3,FP不好FP诗人观点作者观点呼应开头-强调,FP不好,00.3,问号作用疑问设问反问,00.3,问号作用疑问首段问号提出主题设问文末问号表明态度,00.3,of 表示具备特征be+of(+修饰词)+抽象名词强调抽象名词为其本质,e.g.The TV is color.The TV is colored.The TV is of color.,96.5,评论类书评把握作者态度文章结构总分总,96.5,rumor has it据传闻word has it=it is saidEvidence has itso faras such,96.5,explain sth.to sb.explain to sb.that sth.,96.5,citizenrymachinerynetizenry,C/E,96.5,C/E 介绍书,adj.deceptionv.deceive,96.5,jacket夹克书皮suit套装,96.5,were reason the onlyif reason were the only,虚拟语气省略：were should had,If there should be no sun=should there be no sun,96.5,C/E 介绍书 对书的评价,97.4,平铺直叙（与开门见山对应）无主题句,97.4,manifestation n.表现manifestadj.明白的 v.表明 n.清单manifeston.宣言,97.4,道德反省,97.4,IP,PPIntellectual Property知识产权Private Property私有产权,97.4,道德问题 财务问题,97.4,道德问题 财务问题 rap,97.4,道德问题 财务问题 rap rock,citequote,97.4,道德问题 财务问题 rap-hard rock-soften,citequote,97.4,道德问题 财务问题 rap-hard rock-soften 分歧,困难,困难,困难,困难,困难,题型3全文主旨题1/3,97.4标志：mainly about,mainly discuss,the best title主题句法串线法连接首段和各段的中心句（首、末句，转折后），将其意思连接成整体,题型3全文主旨题2/3,注意总结性词和转折词小心首段陷阱P3.58逆向思维，快速作文法与文章类型一同考察特别注意有否独立成段的句子中心、过渡,题型3全文主旨题3/3,错误选项特征：论述无关范围过大范围过小首段陷阱,97.5,社会科学经济学时文大纲样题,97.5,利率（IR）IR低，经济增长快，通货膨胀高财政政策（Fiscal Policy）扩张性财政政策（Expanding）,97.5,liken A to B把A比做B,hence=for this reason,97.5,uncertain,97.5,uncertain boast,97.5,uncertain boast predict,97.5,uncertain boast predict surprise,97.5,upendoutburstoutcry,97.5,uncertain boast predict surprise explanation,97.5,puzzleamaze,-比预期差-比预期好,题型4作者态度题1/2,97.5 98.3 99.1分清楚谁对谁的态度答案范围同意 agree中立客观 agree neutral impartial怀疑、批评、反对,题型4作者态度题2/2,错误答案消极选项 subjected biased漠不关心 disinterested注意原文中带感情色彩的词,98.4,人口统计学的文章考察查找信息的能力历史上只此一篇,98.5,自然科学地质学纯自然科学说明文,98.5,Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.,98.5,More than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots are scattered around the globe.,98.5,milestone里程碑landmark路标，里程碑,98.5,hotspot,98.5,Plate TectonicsDrifting PlateThe Spreading of Seafloor,98.5,The Spreading of Seafloor,98.5,crust,mantle,core,98.5,hotspot 功能1:reference,98.5,hotspot 功能1:reference 功能2:initiate,98.5过渡句,P294.2While,P12 95.3 adding toin addition tocoupled withbesides,98.5过渡句,P2697.2alsoP3998.5not confined toP4299.2anotherP5100.2another way to,第七八课,97.2,社会科学人类文化首段转折型注意首段的转折,97.2,but,（,but,）,exception,yet,00.4,97.2,平行举例,顺承,97.2,small-minded心胸狭隘的simple-minded头脑简单的,97.2,F.C.H,97.2,dull无趣的迟钝的,97.2,diversion解闷diverse多种多样的diversify使多样化,97.2,F.C.H 原因1:dull,97.2,F.C.H 原因1:dull 原因2:harsh,97.2,历史,dull,harsh,现在,？,好客,原因,原因,97.2,F.C.H 原因1:dull 原因2:harsh 现在,97.2,F.C.H 原因1:dull 原因2:harsh 现在 解释：文化,Historical,97.2,exercise=exert施加,98.1,自然科学生态学首段转折型注意文章结构,98.1,capture the imaginationP4 2.2,at the mercy of受支配摆布,do ones bidding听从意愿,fascinating令人着迷的,threaten有可能,98.1,观点不要盲目,98.1,cementn.水泥v.巩固adj.具体的,98.1,观点不要盲目不好原因,98.1,观点不要盲目 不好原因,98.1,stop just short of差一点就,98.1,观点不要盲目 不好原因还在建,98.1,go-ahead=permissionget-ahead,98.1,the powerlessthe powerful,the+adj.表示一类人,e.g.the rich,98.1,cause hardship for the powerless,导致P的贫穷,字面意思字面意思穷国普通大众,98.1,观点不要盲目 不好原因 还在建,98.1,观点不要盲目 不好原因 还在建解决办法,建大坝,98.1,Bad eggBlack sheep,Long time no seePeople mountain people sea,98.1,White ElephantFounder,LegendLenovo,考研英语阅读理解难度变化,99.1,社会科学法律学时文参考97.1,99.1,plaintiffdefendantjurylawyerjudgewitness,attorneysolicitorbarristeradvocatecounselor,courtbar,measurebillactlawsuit,99.1,rough残酷的，粗糙的tough艰苦的，糟糕的苛刻的,compensate sb for sth,99.1,has gone开始出现,be liable for为负责be liable to易于的,99.1,消费者,99.1,Predict科学推演（客观）Anticipate预期（并做准备）Expect预期（并盼望）,99.1,They set aside a little extra food for UNANTICIPATED guests.,UNEXPECTED,99.1,消费者 公司,99.1,消费者 公司法庭,99.1,消费者 公司法庭支持公司,99.1,side with与站在一起支持,paralyze,para-在旁边,Para-llel,99.1,ones,warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.,99.1,ones,warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.,99.1,trivialitytri+via,for the benefit of为了的利益,via=road,99.1,时文-法庭倾向 消费者 法庭倾向公司,题型 5举例题（论点论据题）1/3,00.2，99.1标志 example,case,illustrate,demonstrate,show,exemplify针对主旨提问体现大纲要求：区分论点和论据的能力,题型 5举例题（论点论据题）2/3,思路定位，找到所问论据出现的地方找论点：上下。90%上，10%下，找