托福作文写作范文详解ortrait.docx

托福作文写作范文详解综合写作ReadingRembrandtisthemostfamousoftheseventeenth-centuryCutchpainters.HoweverztherearedoubtswhethersomepaintingsattributedtoRembrandtwereactuallypaintedbyhim.OnesuchpaintingisknownasPortraitofanElderIyWomaninaWhiteBonnet.ThepaintingwasattributedtoRembrandtbecauseofitsstyle,andindeedtherepresentationofthewoman,sfaceisverymuchlikethatofportraitsknowntobebyRembrandt.ButthereareproblemswiththepaintingthatsuggestitcouldnotbeaworkbyRembrandtFirstzthereissomethinginconsistentaboutthewaythewomanintheportraitisdressed.Sheiswearingawhitelinencapofakindthatonlyservantswouldwear-yetthecoatsheiswearinghasaluxuriousfurcollarthatnoservantcouldafford.Rembrandtzwhowasknownforhisattentiontothedetailsofhissubjects'clothing,wouldnothavebeenguiltyofsuchaninconsistency.Second,Rembrandtwasamasterofpaintinglightandshadowzbutinthispaintingthereelementsdonotfittogether.Thefaceappearstobeilluminatedbylightreflectedontoisfrombelow.Butbelowthefaceisthedarkfurcollar,whichwouldabsorblightratherthanreflectit.Sothefaceshouldappearpartiallyinshadow-whichisnothowitappears.Rembrandtwouldneverhavemadesuchanerror.Finally,examinationofthebackofthepaintingrevealsthatiswaspaintedonapanelmadeofseveralpiecesofwoodgluedtogether.AlthoughRembrandtoftenpaintedonwoodpanels,nopaintingknowntobebyRembrandtusesapanelgluedtogetherinthiswayfromseveralpiecesofwood.ForthesereasonsthepaintingwasremovedfortheofficialcatalogofRembrandtspaintingsinthe1930s.Listening:EverythingyoujustreadaboutPortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnetistrue.Andyetzafterathoroughreexaminationofthepainting,apanelofexpertshasrecentlyconcludedthatitsindeedaworkbyRembrandt.Herezswhy.Firstzthefurcollar.X-raysanalysisofthepigmentinthepainthaveshownthatthefurcollarwasn'tpartoftheoriginalpainting.Thefurcollarwaspaintedoverthetopoftheoriginalpaintingabout100yearsafterthepaintingwasmade.Why?Someoneprobablywantedtoincreasethevalueofthepaintingbymakingitlooklikeaformalportraitofanaristocraticlady.Second,thesupposederrorwiththelightandshadow.Oncethepaintoftheaddedfurcollarwasremoved,theoriginalpaintingcouldbeseen.Intheoriginalpainting,thewomaniswearingasimplecollarofalightcoloredcloth.Thelightcoloredclothofthiscollarreflectslightthatilluminatespartofthewoman'sface.Thatswhythefaceisnotinpartialshadow.SointheoriginalpaintingthelightandshadowwasveryrealisticandjustwhatweexpectfromRembrandt.Finally,thewoodpanel.Itturnsoutthatwhenthefurcollarwasadded,thewoodpanelwasalsoenlargedwithextrawoodpiecesgluedtothesidesandtoptomakethepaintinggranderandmorevaluable.SotheoriginalpaintingwasactuallypaintedonasinglepieceofwoodaswouldbeexpectedfromRembrandtspainting.Andinfact,researchershavefoundthatthepieceofwoodintheoriginalformofPortraitofanEderiyWomaninaWhiteBonnetisfromtheverysametreeasthewoodpanelusedforanotherpaintingbyRembrandtzhisselfportraitwithahat.Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture.Beingsuretoexplainhowtheyansweredthespecificproblemspresentedinthereadingpassage.阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageTheme:TherearedoubtsthatthepaintingwasdonebyRKeypoint1:Rwouldnotignoretheinconsistenceinthatthewomanworewhatshecouldnotafford.Keypoint2:Rwouldknowthatthelightandshadowdidnotfitwell.Keypoint3:Rwouldnotemploywoodpanelsthatweregluedtogether.LectureTheme:Waystocontrol,notclearKeywords1:Enoughknowledge,stop,emptyoutthefreshwater,refillwithoceanwater,saltwater,kill.Keywords2:Removed,originalpainting,simple,light-colored,lightandshadow,illuminated,realistic.Keywords3:Added,enlarged,extrawoodpieces,valuable,single,anotherpainting.范文逐段赏析Paragraph1BothtextsdealwiththequestionofwhetherornotthepaintinghPortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnetwwaspaintedbythemostfamousDutchpainterRembrandt.Thetextclearlystates,thatmanyfactsprovethatitwasnotpaintedbyRembrandthimselfzbutjustattributedtohimbecauseofhisstyle.Inthelecture,however,theprofessorgivesproofwhyitisinfactaworkofthefamousDutchpainter.此段功能首段是总领段，总结了文章与讲座中的不同观点，为接下来的论述做好了铺垫。此段结构本段为总分结构，首句指出了全文讨论的问题，即这幅画是不是由荷兰著名画家亲自画的。然后分别阐述了阅读和听力中的观点,即在文章中，作者认为此画不是由画家本人亲自完成的，只是沿用了他的风格；而在讲座中，演讲者认为有证据证明此画就是画家本人所画。Paragraph2Thefirstcontradictingfactistheclothesofthewomanintheportrait.Sheiswearingawhitelinencapwhichgiveshertheappearanceofasimpleservant,whereastheluxuriousfurcollarshewearsdoesnotfit.IntheIecturezitissaidthatafterathoroughresearch,peoplefoundoutthatthefurcollarwasaddedtothepaintingabout100yearslaterinordertoincreasethevalueofthework,becausenowitillustratedanaristocraticladyinsteadofaservant此段功能本段指出了画中第一个矛盾点：画中女人服装不统一。然后陈述了演讲者对于这一矛盾点的解释，即画中女人的皮领是100多年后后人加上的，用以增加画的价值，以此来证明这幅画原画还是画家本人所做。此段结构本段并列结构,首先指出第一个矛盾点,然后阐述了演讲者的反驳观点。Paragraph3Anotherproblemwiththepaintingwasthedisplayoflightandshadow.Rembrandtwasknownasamasterofpaintinglightandshadow.Yetcontradictorilytheelementsintheworkdonotfittogether.However,thelecturerexplainsthatbyremovingtheadditionalfurcollar,onecouldseethattheladywaswearingasimplelightcoloredclothzwhichreflectslightintoherface.此段功能本段指出了画中第二个矛盾点：画中光影的处理。画家以光影的处理著称，然而画中元素并不统一和谐。演讲者对此的解释是，因为画中皮领为后加上的，去掉这个部分，原画中的光影处理还是很好的,以此来证明这幅画原画还是画家本人所做。此段结构本段并列结构,首先指出第二个矛盾点,然后阐述了演讲者的反驳观点。Paragraph4ThethirdaspectwhichmakespeoplewonderabouttheoriginsofthepaintingwasthefactzwhichthepanelwasmadeofseveralpiecesofwoodgluedtogetherinsteadofjustonepanelwhichwasusualforworksofRembrandt.Buttheadditionalpanelswerealsoaddedlatertoenlargethepainting.Bydoingthisthepaintingseemedtobemorevaluable.AnotherinterestingfactisthatthemainpanelismadefromthesametreelikeanotherpaintingofRembrandtlSelf-portraitwithahatz.此段功能本段指出了画中第三个矛盾点：画的镶嵌板不是画家惯用的一整块风格,而是多块拼接而成。但是演讲者指出，多余的镶嵌板也是后加的，而原画只有主镶嵌板，并且有趣的是，这个镶嵌板还和画家之前的一幅画的镶嵌板出自同一棵树的木头，以此来证明这幅画也是画家自己画的。此段结构本段并列结构，首先指出第三个矛盾点,然后阐述了演讲者的反驳观点。Paragraph5IntheenditisclearthatthispaintingisindeedaworkoftheDutchpainteranditshouldbereintegratedinthecatalogofRembrandtSpaintings.此段功能此段是总结段，经过上述三个论点的驳回，得出结论，这幅画是画家亲笔所画。此段结构此段言简意赅地对全文进行总结。范文全篇总评1、逻辑结构全文采用总分总的结构，在首段提出了文章与演讲争论的焦点，在接下来的三段提出文章中的观点，然后用演讲者的论据进行反驳。最后一段作者得出结论。2.语言表达文中有这样一个长句值得学习。ThethirdaspectwhichmakespeoplewonderabouttheoriginsofthepaintingwasthefactthatthepanelwasmadeofseveralpiecesofwoodgluedtogetherinsteadofjustonepanelwhichwasusualforworksofRembrandt文章的主干是Thethirdaspectwasthefact.其中用which弓导的定语从句修饰aspect,that引导的同位语从句解释fact,同时在同位语从句中还有套从句，insteadof词组等,需要注意文章层次结构。