海绵城市外文文献翻译2020.docx

海绵城市外文翻译2020英文Anewmodelframeworkforspongecityimplementation:EmergingchallengesandfuturedevelopmentsThuThuyNguyen,HuuHaoNgo,etcAbstractSpongeCityconceptisemergingasanewkindofintegratedurbanwatersystems,whichaimstoaddressurbanwaterproblems.However,itsimplementationhasencounteredavarietyofchallenges.ThelackofanintegratedcomprehensivemodeltoassistSpongeCityplanning,implementationandlifecycleassessmentisoneofthemostchallengingfactors.ThisreviewbrieflyanalysestheopportunityofexistingurbanwatermanagementmodelsanddiscussesthelimitationofrecentstudiesintheapplicationofcurrentintegratedmodelsforSpongeCityimplementation.Furthermore,itproposesanewSpongeCitymodelframeworkbyintegratingfourmainsub-modelsincludingMIKE-URBAN,LCA,W045-BEST,andMCAinwhichenvironmental,social,andeconomicaspectsofSpongeCityinfrastructureoptionsaresimulated.ThenewstructureofSpongeCitymodelthatincludesthesub-modellayer,inputlayer,modulelayer,outputlayer,andprograminglanguagelayerisalsoillustrated.Therefore,theproposedmodelcouldbeappliedtooptimizedifferentSpongeCitypracticesbynotonlyassessingthedrainagecapacityofstormwaterinfrastructurebutalsopaysattentiontomulti-criteriaanalysisofurbanwatersystem(includingthepossibilityofassessingSpongeCityecosystemservicesforurbanareasandwatershedareas)aswell.Balancingbetweensimplificationandinnovationofintegratedmodels,increasingtheefficiencyofspatialdatasharingsystems,definingtheacceptabilityofmodelcomplexitylevelandimprovingthecorporationofmultiplestakeholdersemphasizingonpossiblefuturedirectionsofaproperSpongeCitydesignandconstructionmodel.Keywords:Spongecity,Integratedurbanwatermodels,Hydrologicalperformance,Multiplecriteriaanalysis,ModeldevelopmentIntroductionConcernsaboutwaterresourcessustainabilityhaveincreasedworldwideduetopopulationgrowthandurbanizationproblems(Carleetal.,2005;LeeJoongandHeaneyJames,2003).AccordingtoUnitedNations(2010)statistics,approximately80%oftheworld,stotalpopulationispredictedtoresideinurbanzonesby2030.Studiesonthecomplexityofurbanwatersystemsandnewkindsofsustainableurbanwatermanagementconceptsarebecomingprolificinhydrologicalscientificresearch(Salvadoreetal.,2015).Today,sconventionalurbanwatermanagementsystems,whereallcomponentsareconstructedindependently,donotpossessthecapabilitiesforfunctioningeffectivelyespeciallyintermsofurbanizationandclimatechangerequirements(ButlerandSchutze,2005;rauchetal.,2005).Examplesofadiversifiedapproachtoachieveanintegratedurbanwatermanagementsystem(IUWM)includeBestManagementPractices(BMPs)intheUnitedStates,WaterSensitiveUrbanDesigninAustralia,SustainableUrbanDrainageSystem(SuDS)intheUnitedKingdom,andSpongeCityinChina.Theobjectivesofthesesystemsareto(1)paygoodattentiontoallcomponentsofthesystemsothattheyworkwell,(2)implementwatersystemsinbothcentralizedanddecentralizedcontexts,and(3)createmultipleecologicallyfriendlyservicesinurbanzonesincluding:waterresourcesconservation,floodingdisastermitigation,relevantamenitiesandmicro-climateimprovements(Bachetal.,2014;Brownetal.,2009;Nguyenetal.,2018).Integratedurbanwatermodelshavebeendevelopedandtheirfocusisoninteractionsamongstallcomponentsofurbanwatersystemsmanagement.Thetransitiontointegratedurbanwatermodelsspecificallyfocusesontheinteractionsbetweenurbanwatersystems,whichshouldbethepriorityofurbandevelopmentandsocietalfactors(Rauchetal.,2017Deleticetal.,2019).Asearlyasthe1970s,researchinintegratedurbanwatersystemswasundertakeninGlattValley,Switzerland(Gujeretal.,1982)buttheresearchdidnotdocumentanymodellingresults.AtthefirstINTERURBAconferencein1993,emergingresearchonintegratedurbanwatermodelswasinitiallyreportedthatmarkedamilestoneinthedevelopmentofsuchintegratedmodels(Lijklemaetal.,1993).Integratedurbanwatermodelsareessentialtoolsforplanningandmanagementofurbandrainagesystems.In1971,USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)developedtheStormWaterManagementModel(SWMM)whichistheoneofmostpopulartoolfortheevaluationofstormwatermanagementsystems(Dengetal.,2018).ArangeofcommercialstormwatermodelssuchasMike-Urban,InfoWorks,andDAnCE4Water,whichwerebuiltbasedonSWMM,arecommonlyusedworldwide.Although,themodelshavebroughtbenefitsforplannersandpolicymakers,thesemodelsencountermanychallengesbecauseurbanwatersystemsare,infact,verycomplex.Moreover,thelackofunderstandingofinteractionsbetweenallcomponents,thatis,understandingthewholesystem,andtheexpenseofdatarequirementsandlimitationsincomputationalhardwarehaveaffectedthemodesperformance(Candelaetal.,2011;rauchetal.,2005;Vanrolleghemetal.,2005).Havingtheinsufficientunderstandingofmodeluncertaintiesalsocontributestothemodelbeingatriskoffailure(Dottoetal.,2011).However,withtherecentadvancesinsoftwarepackagecapabilitiesandtechnologies,thesemodelshaveperformedbetterinrecentyears.Integratedmodelsgainedmomentumbycombiningandimprovingconventionalsinglemodelpackagesinthepastfewdecades(Bachetal.,2014).SpongeCity(SC)implementationpromisesmanybenefitsforoursocietyingeneralandurbanareasindevelopingcountriesinparticular(Chanetal.,2018;Jiaetal.,2017;Lietal.,2017;Meietal.,2018;ZhangandChui,2019;Zhangetal.,2018).TheSpongeCityimplementationprocessconsistsoffourphases(Fig.1).Phase1isanalysingregionalcontextincludingwaterissuesandexistingwatermanagementtoidentifythedemandforSpongeCityimplementation.Thenextphaseisdevelopingscenariosbasedonclimatechangescenarios,populationgrowthscenarios,andwaterdemandscenarios.Phase3indicatestheselectionanddevelopmentofmodellingsoftwaretosimulatetheperformanceofSpongeCitymeasurement.ThefinalphaseistheplanningandimplementationofSpongeCity.ToobtainthepromisingbenefitsofSpongeCity,planninganddevelopmentofSpongeCitymeasurementsisimportant.However,itisadifficultworkasanurbanwatersystemishighlycomplexanduncertaininthefuture,withavarietyofaspectstobescrutinized,includingurbandevelopment,urbanwaterinfrastructureplanning,andmeasurementfeasibilityevaluation.AninterdisciplinaryapproachthatisdevelopinganintegratedSpongeCitymodeltodealwithinterdisciplinaryplanningproblemsisnecessary.SpongeCityconstructioninChinaownsitsuniqueaspectcomparedtootherconcepts(e.g.,SuDS,WSUD,BPMs)astheSpongeCitynotonlyaddressesstormwaterbutalsotacklesfloodingdisasters,waterrestoration,andwaterpurification.Nevertheless,thesimulationandevaluationtoolstopredictthecomprehensiveSpongeCity'sperformancearestilllimited.Thisnecessitatesthenoveldevelopmentofanintegratedmodeltoassesstheefficiencyandsustainabilityofthisnewkindofurbanwatermanagementscheme-SpongeCity-wheresocial,environmental,andhumanhealthassociatedfactorsaretakenintoaccount.Thismodelshouldbesufficientforrepresentingrealurbanwaterenvironments,andbeabletomaketheseintegratedapproachesfortheSpongeCityconcepttobefeasible.SpongeCitymodelsshouldbeabletointegratethesub-modelsandincludethefollowing:(1)identifysuitableareasforSpongeCityconstruction;(2)comparegreeninfrastructures,urbandevelopment,andclimatechangescenarios;(3)simulatethebestwaystoreducestormwaterrunoff,mitigatefloodingandimprovewaterquality;and(4)ensurethattheSpongeCityisenvironmentallyfriendly.DoingsowillmakelifeeasierforallthestakeholdersandcommunitiesandwillassisttheimplementationofSpongeCityinalarge-scale.Arangeofpapersillustratesthedevelopment,barriers,andopportunitiesofintegratedurbanwatermodels.Bachetal.(2014)reviewed30yearsofresearchandtheadoptionofintegratedurbanwatermodelsandclassifiedthesemodelsintofourgroupsaccordingtotheirdegreesofintegration.Thereviewpaperalsomentionedthatuser-friendliness,administrativefragmentation,modelcomplexity,andcommunicationarecrucialfactors,whichhaveaffectedtheuptakeofintegratedurbanwatermodels(Bachetal.,2014).Zomorodianetal.(2018)analyzedthefeasibilityofSystemDynamics(SD)applicationonaddressingthecomplexityofintegratedurbanwatermanagementmodelling.Salvadoreetal.(2015)compared43hydrologicalmodellingapproachesandidentifiedablueprintforfutureurbanhydrologicalmodellingdevelopment.Thestudydefinedthatthehighdegreeofuncertaintywillbereducedbytheapplicationofremotesensingdata,measurementmodelparametersandspatialcalibrationmethods.Recently,someintegratedmodelsweredevelopedforassessingtheSpongeCityperformance.SWMMandtheAnalyticalHierarchyProcess(AHP)method,forexample,servedtoquantifythebenefitsofLIDpracticesintheSpongeCity(Lietal.,2019).AnenergyanalysisandGISmodelwerecombinedforapplicationtoselectedpivotalareasforSpongeCityconstruction(Zhaoetal.,2018).Besides,spatialdatalikeLandsat-STIRSwasusedtoevaluatetheeffectsofLIDpracticesinSpongeCityonthermallandscape(Houetal.,2019).AnintegratedmodelnamedUwaterwasinnovatedbytheintegrationofSWMMandspatialdatamanagementtoolsinGIS,whichiscapabletoevaluatedrainagecapacityofthestormwatersystemanddesignSpongeCityinfrastructures(Dengetal.,2018).Allthesestudiesprovideusefulapproachestointegratedmodellingdevelopmentandtheirapplicationtowatermanagement.However,thereisstillalackofstudieswithanintegratedviewonthedevelopmentofacomprehensiveintegratedmodelforSpongeCityimplementation.FutureperspectivesontheintegratedspongecitymodelForSpongeCitymodellingdevelopment,severalfutureperspectivesareemphasizedhere:(I)UncertaintyanalysisandtheassessmentofintegratedSpongeCitymodellingshouldbecarriedoutinparallelwiththemodesdevelopment,testing,andapplicationsothatpractitionerscanrelyonthemodel'soutputandtherebymakegoodpolicydecisions.GlobalAssessmentofModellingUncertaintiescouldbeappliedtonegateanyuncertaintiesandimprovetheaccuracyofmodellingresults(Deleticetal.,2012).(2)Theavailabilityofonlinespatialandattributedata-sharingsystemsconstitutesafundamentalfactorinintegratedmodellingdevelopment.Thelackofspatialandtemporaldatacreatesincompleteknowledgeofhowintegratedmodelswork.Spatialandattributedata-sharingsystemscanbeestablishedbasedonremotesensingandGISsystems.Remotesensingdatashouldbeusedincreasinglyintheupcomingdecadesbecausesuchdataaremorereliable.Abetterapplicationofremotesensingdatamightreducemodeluncertainties.ThespatialdataandmeasurementdatashouldbeincorporatedintotheintegratedSpongeCitymodel.(3)Inter-disciplinaryworkonintegratedspongecitymodellingresearchisanimportantfactorwhenitcomestobuildinganintegratedcomprehensiveSpongeCitymodel.SpongeCityimplementationisachallengingtaskthatrequiresamultidisciplinaryefforttoaddresscomplexissuesandUnforecastablefuture.Areasonableexplanationforthelackofintegrationinurbandrainagemodelsisthattheresponsibilitiesinurbanwatermanagementhavebeenbrokenuporisolatedfromeachother(Rauchetal.,2002).SpongeCitysimulationandsystemanalysisincludeinterdisciplinaryfieldsofresearchsuchasenvironment,society,andtheeconomy.AneffectiveSpongeCitymodelshouldincorporatethemulti-sciencefieldapproach.Therefore,reliablesimulationsofcomplexinteractionsintheSpongeCitymodelwilladdressstakeholders'requirementsinsolvingurbanwatermanagementproblems.(4)Afurthereffortneedstofocusondevelopinganonline-integratedurbanwatermanagementtoolforthebestmanagementandoperationoftheSpongeCityconcept.Thisonlinetoolhelpsdecision-makersusetheintegratedmodelsmoreconveniently.Obtainedresultsfrommodellingworkcouldenhancetheknowledgeinhowtoimplementanddevelopintegratedurbanwatermanagementpractices,andhowtoestimatetheeffectivenessofinvestinginurbanwaterdevelopmentprojects.(5)TherearesomeareasforSpongeCitymodeldevelopmentincludingthelinkagebetweenautomaticcalibrationmodelsandtheSpongeCitymodeltodealwiththeuncertaintyproblems(ElliottandTrowsdale,2007).Inaddition,enhancingtheadoptionoftheSpongeCitymodelbyimprovingthemodel'scommunicationsystemisveryimportant(Bachetal.,2014).Bybeingtransparentandfullyinformed,thesemodeldeveloperswillbeabletoconvincedecision-makersaboutthecost-effectivenessofintegratedmodelsandprovideaccurateandcomprehensiveresults.Furtherresearchintothespatial-temporaldynamicsofurbanrainfallforpredictionsandimprovingthespatialsimulationofecological/environmentalprocessesoftheSpongeCityisessential(Fletcheretal.,2013;Houetal.,2019).Moreover,aneffectiveSpongeCitymodelislikelytosupportfloodandhydrologicwarningsystemsinreleasingmoreprecisioninformationforthecommunity.ConclusionsTheuptakeofintegratedmodelstodealwithenvironmentalproblemshasincreasedinrecenttimes.Recently,manymodelshavebeendevelopedandnowareincorporatedawiderangeofurbanwatermanagementpracticestoaddresswaterissues.However,thereisalackofaneffectiveoverarchingmodelthatsupportstheSpongeCityimplementationduetoitsmultipleobjectivesandcomplexity.Therefore,itwillnecessitatetobuildtheSpongeCitymodelbasedonthecurrentconventionalintegratedurbanwatermanagementmodels.ThispapercriticallyhighlightstheimportanceofthecomprehensiveSpongeCitymodelwherethecombinedformatcanproperlyassessthechallengesthatincludethemodel'scost-effectiveness,ambiguousdata,etc.Inthispaper,anovelframeworkfortheSpongeCitymodelwasidentifiedtosimulatetheefficiencyofurbanwatermanagementpractices.TheframeworkoftheSpongeCitymodeldevelopedherewasbasedonintegratingfourimportantsub-models,i.e.MIKE-URBAN,W045BeST,LCAandMCA.Themodelislikelytopredictthemulti-benefitsofurbanwatermanagementmeasuresintermsofenvironmental,socialandeconomicrequirements,comparestheircosteffectiveness,andthenidentifiesthemostappropriateurbanwatermanagementplan.ApplyingtheSpongeCitymodelrequiresdifferentscenariosbeingtakenintoaccountandalargeamountofrequireddata.Inthisway,itwilldemonstratethaturbanwatermanagementpractices,urbandevelopmentpatternsandthedynamicsofnaturalprocessesincludinghydrologicalsystemsareworkingproperlyorwherechangesneedtobemade.Uncertaintiesassociatedwiththismodelcanbeovercomethroughtheimprovementofspatialdata-sharingsystems,thedevelopmentofefficientcomputationandsoftwaredesign,andinter-disciplinarywork.Finally,thenovelmodelframeworkdescribedinthispaperwillassistmodellerstodevelopacomprehensiveSpongeCitymodelforfutureapplications.TheSpongeCitymodeldevelopmentspecificallyfocusesonassistingtheSpongeCityprogram,butinthefuture,itshouldbebroadenedinscope.中文实施海绵城市的新模式框架：新挑战和未来发展摘要海绵城市的概念正在作为一种新型的综合城市供水系统而出现，该系统旨在解决城市供水问题。但是，其实施遇到了各种各样的挑战。缺乏协助海绵城市的规划，实施和生命周期评估的综合模型是最具挑战性的因素之一。这篇综述简要分析了现有城市水资源管理模型的机会，并讨论了在将当前综合模型应用于海绵城市实施过程中近期研究的局限性。此外，它通过整合四个主要子模型（包括MlKE-URBAN,LCA,W045-BEST和MCA）提出了一个新的海绵城市模型框架，在其中模拟了海绵城市基础设施选项的环境，社会和经济方面。还说明了海绵城市模型的新结构，该结构包括子模型层，输入层，模块层，输出层和编程语言层。因此，所提出的模型不仅可以通过评估雨水基础设施的排水能力，而且可以用于城市水系统的多标准分析（包括评估城市地区的海绵城市生态系统服务的可能性），从而可以用于优化海绵城市的不同实践和集水区）。简化和集成模型的创新之间的平衡，提高空间数据共享系统的效率，定义模型复杂性水平的可接受性，并改善多个利益相关者的合作，强调正确海绵城市设计和建造模型的未来可能方向。关键词：海绵城市；城市综合水模型；水文性能；多准则分析；模型开发引言由于人口增长和城市化问题，世界范围内对水资源可持续性的担忧增加了（Carie等,2005；LeeJOOng和HeaneyJames,2003）。根据联合国（2010年）的统计，到2030年，预计将有约80%的世界人口居住在城市地区。关于城市水系统的复杂性和新型可持续城市水管理概念的研究在水文科学中正变得越来越多研究（Salvadore等，2015）o如今，所有组件都是独立构建的常规城市水管理系统，不具备有效发挥功能的能力，特别是在城市化和气候变化要求方面（BUtIerandSchutze,2005；rauch等，2005）o实现综合城市水管理系统（IUWM）的多种方法的示例包括美国的最佳管理实践（BMP）,澳大利亚的水敏感城市设计，英国的可持续城市排水系统（SUDS）和海绵城市在中国。这些系统的目标是（1）充分注意系统的所有组件，使其运作良好；（2）在集中式和分散式环境中实施供水系统；（3）在城市地区创建多种生态友好型服务包括：水资源保护，减轻洪灾灾难，相关便利设施和小气候改善（Bach等，2014；Brown等，2009；NgUyen等，2018）o已经开发出综合的城市水模型，其重点是城市水系统管理各个组成部分之间的相互作用。向综合城市水模型的过渡特别着重于城市水系统之间的相互作用，这应该是城市发展和社会因素的优先事项（RaUCh等人,2017DeIetiC等人，2019）o早在1970年代,就在瑞士的格拉特谷进行了城市综合水系统的研究（GUjer等人，1982）,但是该研究没有记录任何建模结果。在1993年的第一届Interurba会议上，最初报道了有关集成城市水模型的新兴研究，这标志着集成模型发展的一个里程碑（Lijklema等，