滨州学院《语言学概论》期末考试复习题及参考答案.docx

语言学概论复习题注：可利用查找功能复制部分题干查询对应题目和解析。查找按键：Ctrl+F（超越高度）、名词解释2.parole （言语）4. Hyponymy （上下义关系）6.allomorphs （语素变体）8 allophones （音位变体）1（）.POIySemy （多义性）1.arbitrariness（任意性）3.affixes（词缀）5.Connotation（内涵）7.diphthongs（双元音）9.affixes（词缀）二、填空1. Performancereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.2. Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.3. Speechvarietyreferstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakeroragroupofspeakers.4. Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.5. Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalledsyntax.6. AsatypeoflinguisticsysteminL2learning,interlanguageisaproductofL2training,mothertongueinterference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.7. Thephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalledhomonymy.8. Thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesintheobstructionofairstream.9. Thereare5mainareasofphoneticstudy.10. Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive.11. Modemlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageassecondary.12. AccordingtoF.deSaussure,performancereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.三、判断1. Englishisatypicalintonationlanguage.（T）2. Adjectivesbelongtoopenclasswords.(T)3. ThefirstpragmatictheoryisConversationalImplicature.(F)4. Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytoIearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.(T)5. Thereisnodifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.(F)6. Englishisatypicalintonationlanguage.(T)7. Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,44Goodmorning!,canberestoredtouIwishyouagoodmorning."(F)8. Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.(T)9. Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.(F)10. Acompoundisthecombinationoftwowords.(F)11. Themeaningofasentenceisalwaysthesumtotalofthewordsinthatsentence.(F)12. Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.(T)四、简答1. Definephoneme.Acontrastivephonologicalsegmentwhosephoneticrealizationsarepredictablebyrules.(4points)(or:Aphonemeisaphonologicalunit;itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.)2. WhatarethefourcriteriaforclassifyingEnglishvowels?Thepositionofthetongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels.3. Whatarethethreesub-branchesofphonetics?Howdotheydifferfromeachother?Phoneticshasthreesub-branchesasfollowing:Articulatoryphoneticsisthestudyofhowspeechorgansproducethesoundsiscalledarticulatoryphonetics.Acousticphoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesandofthetransmissionofspeechsoundsiscalledacousticphonetics.Auditoryphoneticsisthestudyofthewayhearersperceivespeechsoundsiscalledauditoryphonetics.4. Pleaselistthe4designfeaturesoflanguage©arbitrarinessduality©creativity©displacement5. Listthesevenfunctionsofhumanlanguages.InformativefunctionInterpersonalfunctionPerformativefunctionMetalingualfunctionPhatiCcommunionfunction©Recreationalfunction©Emotivefunction6. Whatarethedifferencesbetweensurfacestructureanddeepstructure?Theyaredifferentfromeachotherinfouraspects:Surfacestructurescorresponddirectlytothelineararrangementsofsentenceswhiledeepstructurescorrespondtothemeaningfulgroupingofsentences.Surfacestructuresaremoreconcretewhiledeepstructuresaremoreabstract.Surfacestructuresgivetheformsofsentenceswhereasdeepstructuresgivethemeaningsofsentences.Surfacestructuresarepronounceablebutdeepstructuresarenot.