大作文写作范例及总结.docx

1、学习写作的方法力复盘Trythisexerciseusingtheessayin1.astweek's1.esson:1. Readtheessayandmakesureyouunderstandit.2. Readitagains1.ow1.y,andmakenotesonaseparatepieceofpaper.Justwritethemainideaorkeywordsfromeachsentence(thereareon1.y13sentencesinthewho1.eessay).3. Hidemyessay,andtrytorewriteitusingon1.yyournotes.Don'ttrytomemorisetheessayexact1.yasIwroteit;theaimistoseeifyoucanwriteasimi1.aressayusingthesamekeyideas.4. Compareyouressaywithmine.Didyouwritethesamenumberofsentences?Didyouinc1.udethesamekeyvocabu1.ary?Didyouusethevocabu1.arycorrect1.y?Doesyouressay'f1.ow'aswe1.1.asminedocs?Youcan1.earna1.otbydoingthisexercise.Apparent1.y,thisishowBenjaminFrank1.inworkedonhiswritingski1.1.s!Hcdescribesthetechniqueinchapter2,paragraph6ofhisautobiography,whichyoucanreadhere.#TimingIfyouhaven'tseenmyadviceabouttimingbefore,here'sareminder.Youhave40minutesforwritingtask2,andIsuggestthatyou: Spend(hefirst10minutesp1.anningyouressaystructureandbrainstoningideasforthetwomainbodyparagraphs. Spend5minuteswritingyour2-sentenceintroduction. Spend20minutesonthemainbody(10minutesforeachparagraph). Spendthe1.ast5minuteswritingyourconc1.usionandcheckingeverything.才如何写草稿Someexpertsbe1.ievethatitisbetterforchi1.drentobegin1.earningaforeign1.anguageatprimaryschoo1.ratherthansecondaryschoo1.Dotheadvantagesofthisoutweighthedisadvantages?Here'sourp1.anfora4-paragraphessay:1. In1.rOdUCtion:Topic=bestageto1.earnaforeign1.anguage.Ouropinion=betterto1.earnatprimaryschoo1.age.2. DiSadVan1.agCSof1.earning1.anguagesatprimaryage:othersubjectsaremoreimportantatthatage(maths,mothertongue1.anguage,science),1.earninganew1.anguageisconfusingandwastestime,cou1.dde1.aydeve1.opmentofchi1.d'sfirst1.anguage.3. Advantagesof1.earning1.anguagesatprimaryage:youngchi1.dren1.earnfaster,theyarc1.essse1.f-consciousorshy.theypickupthepronunciationbetter,theyenjoycopyingand1.earningthroughgames,nowadays1.anguagesarejustasimportantasmathsetc.4. COnC1.USion:repeat/summariseouranswer.Thep1.antookus10minutestowrite.Withap1.an1.ikethis,itshou1.dbeeasytowriteagoodessayin30minutes.2、审题Wi1.danima1.shavenop1.aceinthe21stcentury,soprotectingthemisawasteofresources.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Question1containstwoopinions:"wi1.danima1.shavenop1.aceinthe21.stcentury"and''protecting(hemisawasteofresources".Thesetwoopinionsarcconnected,andweneedtoaddressbothoftheminouranswer.Agoodwaytodothismightbetodisagreecomp1.ete1.y,andtowriteonemainbodyparagraphforeachopinion(exp1.ainingwhyyoudisagree).甘Dotheadvantagesofthistrendoutweighthedisadvantages?Internationa1.trave1.ischeaperthaneverbefore,andmorecountrieshaveopenedtheirdoorstotourists.Dotheadvantagesofthistrendoutweighthedisadvantages?"Internationa1.trave1.ischeaperthaneverbefore"and"morecountrieshaveopenedtheirdoorstotourists".The'trend'inthequestionreferstobothofthesefacts,andweneedtoconsidertheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofbothaspectsofthistrend.Report类的审题2-partquestionInsomepartsofthewor1.ditisbecomingpopu1.artoresearchthehistoryofone'sownfami1.y.Whymightpeop1.ewanttodothis?Isitapositiveornegativedeve1.opment?Note:Iwou1.dca1.1.thisa4,2-partquestion".ThetaskisNOTtowriteanessayaboutthepositivesandnegativesofresearchingfami1.yhistory.Thetaskistoexp1.ainwhypeop1.edoit,andthengiveyouropinionastowhetheritisapositiveORnegativethingtodo.Tip:WhynotdosomeresearchontheInternetaroundthetopicof''fami1.yhistory'*?Trytofindsomegoodwordsandphrases(hatEng1.ishspeakersusewhenwritingabout(histopice.g.fami1.ytree,ancestors,genea1.ogy,tracingfami1.yhistory,aperson'srtsetc.EssayP1.an-10minutesParagraphI:Justwrite2sentences-introducethetopic-giveanovera1.1.answertobothquestionsParagraph2:Whymightpeop1.ewanttoresearchfami1.yhistory?-variousdifferentreasons-toknowmoreaboutthemse1.vesandtheirroots,wheretheycomefrom,whethertheirancestorshadsimi1.arpersona1.itytraits-becausetheInternetmakesiteasiertodothisresearch,wehearaboutotherswhohavedoneit,thereareevenadvertisementstoencourageus-outofcuriositye.g.wemightsecret1.yhopethatWehaveafamousorwea1.thyancestorTherearevariousreasonswhypeop1.emightdecidetotracetheirfami1.yhistories.Oneexp1.anationmaybethattheywou1.d1.iketoknowmoreaboutthemse1.ves,intermsoftheirroots,wheretheycomefrom,orwhethertheirancestorshadsimi1.arpersona1.itytraits.Anotherfactorcou1.dbethatithasbecomesomucheasiertocarryoutgenea1.ogica1.researchusingtheInternet.Wehearaboutpeop1.ewhohavestudiedtheirfami1.ytrees,andthereareevenadvertisementstoencourageustousegenea1.ogywebsites.Fina1.1.y,itmaybethatpeop1.earesimp1.ycurioustofindoutwhethertheyhaveanyfamousorwea1.thyancestors.Paragraph3:Isitpositiveornegative?-positiveinmyview-afascinatinghobby,anicewaytospendfreetime,agoodta1.kingpointwithfami1.yandfriendse.g.ifwediscoveraparticu1.ar1.yinterestingancestor-agoodwaytoteachchi1.drenabouthistory,howear1.iergenerations1.ived-wemayevenfinduIong-Iost"fami1.ymembers,distantre1.ativesthatwemighthavethechancetomeetParagraph4:-conc1.udebyrepeating(paraphrasing)theovera1.1.answertobothquestions3、如何写主体段1.astweekIshowedyoutheSkeIetonofanessay.Now1.et'sIOokatwhatwasmissing:thedetai1.edexp1.anationofideasin（hemainbodyparagraphs.mtemptedtorefertothisasthe'musc1.e'ontopoftheske1.eton'sbones!Here'sanexamp1.eofafu1.1.paragraph:（i）Ontheotherhand,schoo1.teachersmaycontributea1.mostasmuchasparentstothedeve1.opmentofachi1.d.（2）Teacherseducate1.argegroupsofchi1.drentogether,whichmeansthattheymusttrainpupi1.stoworkwiththeirpeersandrespectothermembersofthec1.ass.Pupi1.sa1.soIeamtobehavesensib1.yin1.essons,regard1.essofthedistractionsaroundthem,andtofo1.1.owinstructionsgiventothembyteachingstaff.（4）Thesebehavioura1.ski1.1.swi1.1.becrucia1.in1.ater1.ife.（5）Intheworkp1.ace,forexamp1.e,adu1.tsareexpectedtoworkinteams,1.istentoeachother,andfo1.1.owtheinstructionsofamanagerorcompanydirector.NoticehowI"bui1.d"theparagraphusing5sentences:1. Topicsentenceintroducingthemainidea-thero1.eofteachersinchi1.dren'sdeve1.opment.2. Oneaspectofthisro1.e-trainingchi1.drentoworkwithothers.3. Anotheraspectofthisro1.e-chi1.dren1.earntobehaveandfo1.1.owinstructions.4. Whythetwopointsaboveareimportant-for1.ater1.ife.5. Examp1.es-workinteams,fo1.1.owamanager'sinstructions.#如何写主体段2Herearethe5ideasfrom1.astweek,aboutthenegativesofcreditcards:1. encouragespendingmoneythatpeop1.edon'thave2. 1.eadstoexcessshopping,consumercu1.ture3. morecreditcards,debtbecomesoutofcontro1.4. bankrupt,incourt,1.osehome5. sometimesnesorevenprisonNowhere'sa5-sentenceparagraphusingtheseideas:Themaindrawbackofcreditcardsisthattheyencouragepeop1.etospendmoney（hattheydonothave.Thishas1.edtotheconsumercu1.tureandaddictiontoshoppingthatWenowseeinsociety.Whencreditcardusersareunab1.etopayofftheirdebts,theyoftenresorttosigningupformu1.tip1.ecards,andthedebtbecomesincreasing1.yoverwhe1.ming.Manypeop1.einthissituationfindthemse1.vesincourt,bankrupt,andwithoutahomeasana1.consequenceofcreditcarddependence.Intheworstcases,theymayevenfaceprisonsentences.Supporting和mainidea之间的区别Ifyou'reusingmy4-paragraphessayapproach,youressayson1.yneedtocontaintwomainideas-oneforeachmainbodyparagraph.Butthereisadifferencebetweenthemainideaandthesupportingpoints.Forexamp1.e,themainideacou1.dbe"therearesevera1.advantages",andeachadvantageisasupportingpoint.Startanewparagraphforeachmainidea,butnotforeachsupportingpoint.Expressyourmainideafreachparagphina'topicsentence,atthebeginningoftheparagraph.Thenexp1.ainthatideawithcitherone,twoorthreesupportingpoints.usingexamp1.esShou1.dgovernmentsmakedecisionsaboutpeop1.e's1.ifesty1.e,orshou1.dpeop1.emaketheirowndecisions?Thisquestionseemsdifficu1.t,butifyoutake"smoking"asanexamp1.eofa1.ifesty1.echoice,itbecomesa1.oteasier.Here'smyparagraph:Insomecases,governmentscanhe1.ppeop1.etomakebetter1.ifesty1.echoices.IntheUK,forexamp1.e,smokingisnowbannedina1.1.workp1.aces,anditisevenprohibitedforpeop1.etosmokeinrestaurants,barsandpubs.Asaresu1.t,manypeop1.ewhousedtosmokesocia1.1.yhavenowgivenup.Atthesametime,thegovernmenthasensuredthatcigarettepriceskeepgoingup,and(herehavebeensevera1.campaignstohigh1.ightthehea1.thrisksofsmoking.Thesemeasureshavea1.sohe1.pedtoreducethenumberofsmokersinthiscountry.6. mainpar。Qre1.Phmethods1. Idea,exp1.ain,examp1.e:Ifyouhaveonemainidea,thiseasyformatwi1.1.he1.pyoutobui1.dagoodparagraph.The"idea,exp1.ain,examp1.e"formatisagoodwaytoorganiseyourmainparagraphs.Startwiththemainideaoftheparagraph,exp1.ainitinmoredetai1.,thengiveanexamp1.e.Someartprojectsdefinite1.yrequirehe1.pfromthestate.IntheUK,therearemanyworksofaitinpub1.icspaces,suchasstreetsorsquaresincitycentres.In1.iverpoo1.,farexamp1.e,therearesevera1.newstatuesandscu1.pturesinthedocksareaofthecity,whichhasbeenredeve1.opedrecent1.y.Theseartworksrepresentcu1.ture,heritageandhistory.Theyservetoeducatepeop1.eaboutthecity,andactas1.andmarksorta1.kingpointsforvisitorsandtourists.Governmentsand1.oca1.counci1.sshou1.dpaycreativeartiststoproducethiskindofart,becausewithouttheirfundingourcitieswou1.dbemuch1.essinterestingandattractive.2. First1.y,second1.y,fina1.1.y:Ifyouhavetwoorthreeideas,justusethisformat.Missthe"fina1.1.y"ifyouon1.yhavetwoideas,andrememberthatyoucanusea1.ternativewordsforthesamestructure(e.g.Themainreason,anotherreason,a1.so,furthermore).Somesimp1.ea1.ternativesto"first1.y,second1.y,fina1.1.y"cou1.dbe:ThemainreasonwhyIbe1.ieve.is./Anotherargumentis./A1.so,.Oneprob1.emisthat./Furthennore,./Anotherdrawbackisthat.Fromabusinessperspective,./Intermsofeducation,./Fromasocia1.pointofview,.(thiscou1.dworkfortheparagraphin1.astweek's1.esson)#topicsentencesAgoodwaytostartaparagraphiswithashort,simp1.esentencethatintroducesthemainideaoftheparagraph.Teachersoftenca1.1.thisattopicsentence'.Inorma1.1.ywritemytopicsentencesbythinkingabouthowmanypointsIwanttomentionintheparagraph:1. IfIon1.yhaveonepointoridea,Iusua1.1.ystateitstraightaway:Inmyopinionjunkfoodisthemaincauseofchi1.dhoodobesity.(thenexp1.ainthisopinionandgiveexamp1.esintherestoftheparagraph)2. IfIhavetwoorthreepointsorideas,Idon'tusua1.1.ymentionthemdirect1.yinthetopicsentence:Therearetwomaincauses(or'severa1.causes')ofchi1.dhoodobesity.(thenexp1.ainusing“first1.y,second1.y.,orsomethingsimi1.ar)Havea1.ookthroughtheessaysthatyou,vewritteninthepast,andcomparethemwithsomeofmine.Didyoubeginyourmainparagraphswithgoodtopicsentences?#First1.y,second1.y,fina1.1.yTheparagraphIwroteforIaStweek'sIeSSon(repeatedbe1.ow)isstructuredinthefo1.1.owingway:1. Topicsentence2. First1.y3. Examp1.e4. Second1.y5. Fina1.1.yIthinkthisisagoodwaytoorganizeaparagraph.However,it'sbestnottousethesamestructuretwiceinoneessay.Comparethetwoparagraphsbe1.ow.HowdidIstructurethesecondonetoavoidrepeating"First1.y,Second1.y.Fina1.1.y"?FirSImainDaragraDhtherearegoodreasonswhysomepeop1.efee1.theneedtomakesignificantchangestotheir1.ivesfromtimetotime.First1.y,anynewsituation(hatapersonencounterscanbeanopportunitytoIeamandgrowasaperson.Anewjob,forinstance,mightpresentcha1.1.engesthatpushthepersontoadapt,acquirenewknow1.edge,oraddtohisorherski1.1.set.Second1.y,achangecanrepresentabreakwiththepastandano1.droutinewhichhasbecomeboringandpredictab1.e.Fina1.1.y,aswe1.1.asmaking1.ifemorefunandinteresting,newexperiencescanbegoodforourphysica1.andmenta1.hea1.th.SeCOndmainDaragraDhOntheotherhand,itisunderstandab1.ewhypeop1.emightavoidchange.Wheneverpeop1.eareforcedtochangetheir1.ifesty1.es,jobsoreventomovehouse,Iheyare1.ike1.ytoexperiencestressandWorryastheytrytoadaptIothenewsituation.Bycontrast,fortab1.eandconfidentwhenWestaywithwhatWeknow.Thedecisiontopersistwithacourseofactionorsticktoonechosenpathoften1.eadstogreatersuccessin1.ife.Forexamp1.e,bystayinginthesamejobformanyyears,apersoncanbecomeanexpertinhisorherfie1.d,whichwi1.1.1.eadtobetteropportunitiesforpromotionsandcareerprogression.Here,sanotherexamp1.eofa"first1.y,second1.y,fina1.1.y"paragraphthatIwrotewithmystudents:Threemainfactorsarcaffectinghea1.thinmodernsocieties.Oneprob1.emisthe1.ackofawarenessamongmanypeop1.eofthenegativeconsequencesofanunhea1.thydiet.Thisismadeworsebythepreva1.enceoffastfoodandprocessedfood,whicharefu1.1.offat,sa1.tandsugar.Anotherkeyfactoristhechangingtrendin1.ifesty1.es.Forexamp1.e,chi1.dren'shobbiesnowinvo1.vemuch1.essoutdooractivity,andadu1.tsare1.essactiveasjobshaveshiftedtowardssedentaryofficeworkinsteadofmanua1.1.abour.Inadditiontothis,time-savingtechno1.ogies,suchascars,e1.evators,dishwashersandwashingmachines,havemadepeop1.e1.azier.Therearesevera1.advantagestousingcomputersineducation.First1.y,students1.earnnewski1.1.swhichwi1.1.beextreme1.yusefu1.fortheirfuturejobs.Forexamp1.e,they1.earntowri(creportsorotherdocumentsusingawordprocessor,andtheycanpractisedoingspokenpresentationsusingPowerPoints1.ides.Second1.y,techno1.ogyisapowerfu1.t1.toengagestudents.Theuseofwebsitesoron1.inevideoscanmake1.essonsmuchmoreinteresting,andmanystudentsaremoremotivatedtodohomeworkorresearchusingon1.ineresources.Fina1.1.y,ifeachstudenthasacomputertoworkon,theycanstudyattheirownpace.4、不同的问题回答方法Forme,theske1.eton(orframeworkorbasicstructure)ofatask2essayis:-theintroduction-topicsentencesformainparagraphs-andtheconc1.usion1.ookatthisessay'ske1.eton*forexamp1.e:Peop1.ehavedifferentviewsaboutwhetherparentsorschoo1.sshou1.dbeartheresponsibi1.ityforhe1.pingchi1.drentobecomegoodcitizens.Inmyview,thisresponsibi1.ityshou1.dbeshared.Ontheonehand,parentscertain1.yhaveavita1.ro1.etop1.ayintheupbringingoftheirchi1.dren.Ontheotherhand,schoo1.teachersmaycontributea1.mostasmuchasparentstothedeve1.opmentofachi1.d.Inconc1.usion,bothparentsandschoo1.sshou1.dworktogethertoensurethatyoungpeop1.ebecomepo1.iteandproductivemembersofsociety.Note：vehigh1.ightedmymainparagph'topicsentences'inb1.ue.Canyouseehoweachtopicsentencere1.ates(oonepartof(hequestion?#总括Dothefo1.1.owingquestionsaskforyouropinionornot?1. Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?2. Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantages.3. Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.4. Dotheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages?5. Isthisapositiveornegativedeve1.opment?6. Whatarethebenefitsanddrawbacks?Answers:- Numbers2and6arediscussionquestions.Discussbothsidesoftheissue,butdon'tgiveanopinionaboutwhichsideyouagreewith.- Numbers1and5areODinionquestions.Giveyouropinionandsupportit.Ifyouhaveastrongopinion,youdon'tneedtomentiontheothersideoftheargument.- Numbers3and4canbeca1.1.eddiscussion+ODinionquestions.Discussbothsidesandmakeyouropinionc1.eartoo.HerearethefourtypesofquestionfromIaStweek's1.esson:1. Opinion2. Discussion+opinion3. Prob1.em+so1.ution4. 2-partquestionImportantpointstoremember:1. An'opinion'questionasksforyourview,nottheviewsofotherpeop1.e,andyoudon'thavetogivebothsidesoftheargument.Justmakeyouropinionc1.earintheintroduction,thenexp1.ainitintherestoftheessay.2. A'discussion'questionrequiresyoutowriteaboutbothsidesoftheargument,andyoushou1.dwriteasimi1.aramountforeachview.Ifthequestiona1.soasksforyouropinion,youdon'