M4U1单元语法--直接引语与间接引语.docx

M4U1重点语法：干脆引语与间接引语（一）干脆引语和间接引语的意义我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为干脆引语；用自己的话转述别人的意思，被转述的部分称为间接引语。间接引语多数构成宾语从句。（二）干脆引语转化为间接引语1、人称代词的变更：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主Z干脆引语中有第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变成间接引语时，要与主句中主语的人称保持一样。Eg.TomsaidtoKate,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.TomtoldKatethathehadfinishedhishomework.“二随宾干脆引语中有其次人称或被其次人称修饰，变成间接引语时，要与主句中宾语的人称保持一样。Shesaidtome,“IwillhelpyouifIfinishmyhomework.Shetoldmethatshewouldhelpmeifshefinishedherhomework.“第三人称不更新Z假如干脆引语中有第三人称，变成间接引语时，人称不变。TornaskedMike,ttDoessheoftencometoschoollate?''TomaskedMikeif7whethersheoftenwenttoschoollate.2、动词时态的变更：干脆引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的动词时态变更常依据主句谓语动词的时态而定。主句谓语动词的时态为现在时，干脆引语变间接引语时动词的时态不变。Mymothersays,“Iwillcomebackafterwork.”Mymothersaysthatshewillgobackafterwork.HerteacherhasaskedKate,“DoyouwanttogotoBeijingUniversity?”HerteacherhasaskedKatewhether/ifshewantstogotoBeijingUniversity.主句谓语动词的时态为过去时态时，干脆引语变为间接引语的动词时态变更如下表：干脆引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时She'spreparingherlessons,',1said.Isaidthatshewaspreparingherlessons.Isaidtothem,He,llgetexcited."Itoldthemthathewouldgetexcited.Hesaidtome,"Janespentallhertimedoingthat.',HetoldmethatJanehadspentallhertimedoingthat.语法拓展时态变更的例外状况：干脆引语假如有表示具体的过去时间的时间状语(如in1992,lastweek)等，在变为间接引语时时态可以不变。Eg.Myfathersaidtome,Ireadthebookin1986.”Myfathertoldmehereadthebookin1986.干脆引语表达的意思是客观真理时，时态可以不变。Eg.Thegeographyteachersaidtous,"Theearthturnsaroundthesun."Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.3、句式的变更：干脆引语是陈述句时：间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略)，主句的引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。Eg.Hesaid,nYouareyoungerthanme.”Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.干脆引语是疑问句时：一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if/Whether引导的宾语从句。Eg.Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?,Sheaskedmeif7whetherIoftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.选择疑问句变为WhetherOr引导的宾语从句。Eg.1askedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?,Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。Eg.Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"HeaskedmewhereIlived.干脆引语是祈使句时：间接引语为不定式作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语(dont变为not)。Eg.Theteachersaidtotheboy,nOpenthewindow."Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Hisfathersaidtohim,nDon'tleavethedooropen."Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.留意一下有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest,insist,ask,advise等动词加以转述。Eg.Hesaid,"Let,sgotothetheatre."Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.Eg.,Whydon'tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?',heasked.Headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.干脆引语是感叹句时：间接引语用What或how引导，也可以用that引导。Eg.Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.4、其他方面的变更见下表（干脆引语T间接引语）：指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthenagobefbre/earliertodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaythedayaftertomorrowintwoday,stime地点状语herethere方向性动词bringtakecomego5、语序的运用：间接引语中总是运用陈述语序。Eg.Sheasked,"Whatisit?What,sgoingtohappennow?",Sheaskedwhatitwasandwhatwasgoingtohappenthen.Eg.Theboywaswondering,"Howdoesthecomputerwork?"Theboywaswonderinghowthecomputerworked.Eg.Heaskedme,'DoyoustudyEnglishorFrench?,HeaskedmewhetherIstudiedEnglishorFrench.