Module 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——复习被动语态和by＋v.ing形式.docx

SectionIIIGrammar复习被动语态和by÷v.-ing形式语境自主领悟先视察原句后自主感悟©RiceisalsogrowninmanyotherAsiancountries.©ResearcherswerebroughtinfromalloverChinatodevelopthenewsystem.(3)Theresearchwassupportedbythegovernment.InPakistanricewillbegrowninmanypartsofthecountry.ThenewhybridricehasbeendevelopedbytheYuanLongpingHigh-techAgriculturalCompanyofChina.©Theshopclosesat6：OOpmeveryday.©Theappletastesgood.Thenewproductbythecompanysellswell.©Openthedoorbywindingthehandle.Peopleusuallygreeteachotherbyshakinghands.1 .句接受了一般现在时的被动语态，其构成形式为：am/is/are+done。2 .句接受了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成形式为：was/were+donn。3 .句分别用了一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态。4 .句中谓语动词以主动形式表示被动意义。5 .句中，by÷.-ing形式表示通过方式。语法精要点拨1 .各种时态的被动语态的构成被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，只有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)一般现在时被动语态的构成：am/is/are+doneBeforeyouleavethelab,makesuretheelectricityisturnedoffandthewindowsareshut.在你离开试验室之前，要确保电源被切断，窗户被关好。(2)一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were+doneTheforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebytheChildren.孩子们热忱地欢迎外宾。(3)一般将来时被动语态的构成：shall/will÷be÷doneMorespaceexplorationswillbemadeinthefuturebytheChinesepeople.中国人民在将来将进行更多的太空探究。(4)现在进行时被动语态的构成：am/is/are÷being+doneTheyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouseisbeingrebuilt.他们现在短暂和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。(5)过去进行时被动语态的构成：waswere÷being+doneAfterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatitwasbeingdecorated.放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。(6)现在完成时被动语态的构成：has/havebeen+done1.iHuahasbeenelectedmonitorofourclasstotaketheplaceofMaLi.李华己取代马丽，被选为我班班长。(7)过去完成时被动语态的构成：hadbeen+doneWhenwegotonthespotoftheaccident,weweretoldthattheinjuredhadbeensenttothenearesthospital.当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。(8)将来完成时被动语态的构成：willshall÷havebeen+doneOnhernextbirthday,Annwillhavebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.到下一次过生日的时候，安结婚就要满二十年了。(9)含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be+doneTheboyfeelshotontheforehead,sohemustbesenttohospitalatOnCe.这个男孩的额头摸起来发热，所以必需被马上送往医院。即时训练1用所给词的被动语态填空MOreefforts,asreported,Winbemade(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructurereform.一Didyouenjoytheparty?Yes,weWereIreated(treat)wellbyourhosts.©Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementhasbeeneeached(reach)sofarbythetwosides.【导学号：12112030)2 .运用被动语态时应留意的状况不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(takeplace,breakout,cometrue,belongto,datefrom,happen等)。Afirebrokeoutinhishouseyesterday.昨天他家着火了。(2)含有介词或副词的及物动词短语变为被动语态时，介词或副词不行省略(lookafter,lookfor,takecareof,putoff,breakinto等)。Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.孩子们在幼儿园里被照看得很好。(3)带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词变被动语态时，一般把复合结构中的宾语变成主语，而把宾语补足语(在被动语态中叫作主语补足语)放在动词之后。Wealwayskeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.-*Theclassroomisalwayskeptcleanandtidybyus.我们总是保持教室干净而且整齐。名师点津see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make等感官动词或使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to,但当主动语态变为被动语态时，不定式符号to必需加上。Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.-*Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.一个姑娘路过时看到我的钱包掉了。即时训练2完成句子这种活动每四年在不同的国家实行一次。ThegametakesUIaCCeveryfouryearsinadifferentcountry.我们在试验室做了许多好玩的试验。ManyinterestingexperimentsareCaITiedOUtinourlaboratory.我们经常听到他弹吉他。HeisOftenheardtoDlaytheguitar.那座古庙起源于明朝。TheoldtempledatesfromtheMingDynasty.3 .主动形式表示被动意义的用法(1)某些连系动词,如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,ProVe等，可用主动形式表示被动意义，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。Thatdoglooksdangerous.那只狗看起来很紧急。(2)某些可用来表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的及物动词，如Jock,shut,open,move,read,write,selLwash,clean,catch,draw,cut,drink,eat等常用主动形式表示被动意义。这些词后常有副词修饰，如Wel1,easily等。Theclothwasheswellandiscomfortabletowea*.这种布很简洁洗而且穿起来很舒适。(3)need,require,want,deserve等词，当主语为物时，接动名词的主动形式，表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Theflowersneedwateringortheywilldie.=Theflowersneedtobewateredortheywilldie.这些花须要浇水，否则它们会死。(4)形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.这本图画书很值得一读。(5)在“主语+be+形容词(+forsb.)+todo”结构中，句子的主语与构成不定式的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,important,interesting,strange,impossible,comfortable,dangerous等。Thisarticleisdifculttoread.Ineedsomeonetoexplainittome.这篇文章很难读懂。我须要一个人给我说明一下。(6)不定式作定语修饰名词，与前面的名词有动宾关系，且句中有不定式的逻辑主语时，用动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义。Ihavealotofhomeworktodothisafternoon.今日下午我有许多的家庭作业要做。Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat.请给我些东西吃。(7)某些动词不定式如toblame,toIet等，作表语时用主动形式表示被动意义。Theboywastoblameforwhathehaddone.这个男孩为他的所作所为受到了指责(指责)。即时训练3用所给词的适当形式填空AMidsummerNight'sDreamOPenS(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.(2)Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedrepairing(repair).ThestoneisheavyfortheboytoIift(lift).4 .by+也-ing形式(1)by+o.-ing形式，表示以某种方式来达到某种目的Hepassedtheexambyworkinghard.通过努力学习，他通过了考试。(2)by表示“方式”的其他用法by+交通工具，如：bycarbusbikePlane等。Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.我每天骑自行车去上学。by+the+具体的时间或度量名词，如bytheday/hour/year/kilo/metre/dozen(按打)等。Heispaidbythehour.他按小时得到酬劳。即时训练4用bydoing形式改写下列句子YoUcanreachthereifyoutakeabus.fYoucanreachtherebyIakingabus.©StudentsIeamthingswhentheydoexercisesafterschool.-*StudentslearnthingsbydoingexercisesafterSChooL【导学号：12112031】语法应用落实I.单句语法填空1. HehopedthatheWoUIdbegiven(give)amoresuitablejob.2. HaVingbeentrapped(trap)intheminefortwodays,theminersfinallywererescued.3. Everyonedislikesbeingmade(make)funofbyothers.4. Don'tloseheart!TheproblemcanbePreVented(prevent)fromgettingworse.5. AboutthirtyvolunteersWillhavebeenSeIeCtedtotheMarsthroughouttheworldby2023.6. Shakespeare'splayHamlethasbeenmade(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.7. Sowhatistheprocedure?一Alltheapplicantsareinlerviewed(interview)beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.8. WeareconfidentthattheenvironmentWiIlbeimproved(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.9. Thegovernmentannouncedthatsixhighwayshadbeenbuilt(build)bytheendoflastyear.10. AdinnerpartyWaSbeingheld(hold)incelebrationofthegreatachievementsshehadmadewhenIcalledheryesterday.Il.单句改错1. Havingshowntheclassroom,Weweretakentothelibrary.HaVing后力口been2. Thechildrenaretaughthowtooperatethemachinenow.are后力Ubein.3. Bytheendoflastmonth,allofhisworkshavebeenpublished.have-had4. IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseIhavebeentoldtheclothwashwell.WaShfWaSheS5. Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshadbeenproducedallovertheworld.had->have