名片中的姓名翻译-南通大学英语论文.doc

摘要名片是当今社会中人际交往的重要载体,当人们递交名片时,最先看到的总是名片上的#,可见#在名片中的重要性.#是用来指代社会成员的符号,在人际交往中占据着举足轻重的位置.不管这种符号形式如何变化,其基本功能是相同的.交际过程一开始,交际者遇到的问题往往是需要了解对方的#,以便交际正常进行.比如,在称呼,介绍,问候语中,#是比不可少的,离开#,人际交往几乎无法实现.本文剖析了大量的名片案例,从名片的重要性和#翻译的原则出发,深入分析了名片中英翻译的差异性.作者举出大量案例,从中译英和英译中的角度深入分析名片翻译与名片中头衔翻译的特征.并且,基于英汉文化内涵的差异,音译是名片翻译中最重要的原则.本文的研究对未来的名片翻译研究与商务名片翻译中起到参考作用.关键字：#翻译,翻译原则,头衔翻译ABSTRACTBusiness card is the important carrier in the interpersonal munication in the current society. When passing the business card, the earliest thing that people always notice is the name on the business card, which identifies the significance of name on business card. Name is regarded as the symbol of social members, which takes the important position in daily intercourse.No matter how the symbol form changes, the basic function keeps the same. During the intercourse process, the first question they municator wants to know is the name for smooth munication. For example, during calling, introduction and greeting, name is inevitable since without name, the daily personal munication cant be conducted. This essay explores many cases and deeply analyzes the difference of name translation between Chinese and English from the perspective of name significance and translation principle. With many cases, the author makes detailed analysis on the characteristics of name translation and the title translation from the perspective from Chinese to English and from English to Chinese. Moreover, based on the different cultural connotation between Chinese and English, transliteration is the most importantprinciple of name translation. The research on name translation can provide reference to the further study and the actual application in business card translation.Keywords: name translation, translation principle, title translationContent摘要IABSTRACTII1.Introduction11.1The significance of business card21.2The principle of name translation22The Difference of Business Card Translation between English and Chinese43Name Translation53.1 From Chinese name to English name53.2From English name to Chinese name63.3Title translation74Conclusion8Biography9Acknowledgements108 / 101. IntroductionBusiness cards are cards bearing business information about a pany or individual. They are shared during formal introductions as a convenience and a memory aid. A business card typically includes the giver's name, pany or business affiliation <usually with a logo> and contact information such as street addresses, telephone number<s>, fax number,  addresses and website. Before the advent of electronic munication business cards might also include telex details. Now they may include social media addresses such as Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter. And the most important thing on the business card is the name, thats why the translation of the name on the business card need to be discussed. Name is used for representing social member as a sign, which plays an important role in the munication. No matter how this kind of sign changes, the basic function keeps the same. When the intercourse is starting, the successful municators should know the counterparts name first so as to achieve the successful munication. When we refer to addressing, introducing and greeting, name is necessary. munication nearly cannot be conducted if we have no names. Names are used by human beings and they are the signs for people to distinguish one person from the others. They have some particular functions that no other signs can perform. They are not only linguistic symbols, but also social symbols, representing relationship in societies and cultures. "Each person has his name which distinguishes himself from other members in the munity, and each country has its own name system owing to their different historical and cultural background". In a word, personal names are windows for people to see through different cultures in different societies. For these reasons, the translation of Chinese and English names should follow the pronunciation of the owners country and adopt the established popular translated names, use transliteration and paraphrase so as to reflect the real meaning of Chinese and English names.1.1 The significance of business cardIn the current society, business card, which can also be named as visiting card or calling card, has bee one of the most familiar elements among people and even bee the most economical and practical introduction vehicle during private mutation or business intercourse nowadays.It possesses the characteristics of convenience and easy for perseverance with simple letters, anyone with any ages can be applied. Based on its wide application, it is widely accepted by all walks of life. The target of business card is enabling others to have better understanding about you and increasing the credibility, which can promote munication with other people for further private intercourse and business activities. Among job market, the first impression is almost originated from your business card that represents your identification. Therefore, it is important to pay close attention to the business card since a tiny business card can wield extremely influence on the various things. It is extremely important to pay close attention to name translation to avoid unnecessary embarrassment.1.2 The principle of name translationNames are used to indicate one individual in order to differ him from other persons in the munity. Therefore, the methods and principles in translating names in business card are highly regarded in the translation field. As to the principle of business card, the major emphasis is the information function and intermunication function. There, the translator must pay close attention to the translation of names in business card with serious and active attitude. Besides, they should clearly apprehend the difference in China and Western countries from the perspective of politics, economy, culture, society and language, et al. they should make great endeavor to make the target language suitable for international customs for smooth munication to improve the quality of munication.Generally speaking, the translation of the names in business card can adopt the various translation principle based on the various part in business card. However, liberal translation is the most widely used method in name translation of business card.Since there are various difference in business card in China and Western countries, we cant translate every information correspondingly to English or translate the every information to Chinese. Name translation is translating the name of the original language to the target language for the foreigners to have a better understanding on the person with the business card. Therefore, the business card should be translated and designed for their sakes and the translation of name should take their culture and knowledge into consideration. Whether the business card can be accepted or understood is the intercourse target of the business card. Therefore, name translation in business card should accord with skopostheorie since it is the core of functionism translation.Skopostheorie emphasizes the function of reader as well as focuses on their significance, so the translator should have clear mand on the special condition of the reader on the target language with the bination of translation skopostheorie. The result of name translation is target language, so the translator should precisely understand the target and the function of the target language to perform better in name translation and create the ideal translation oute. Meanwhile, skopostheorie discuss name translation in action theory and cross-culture intercourse to put forward the breakthrough from the linguistic perspective, maintaining name translation is not the exclusive language transformation but the realization of the target for the translator. Skopostheorie gives out a new concept for the translation researchers, which is extremely significant in name translation of business card.2 The Difference of Business Card Translation between English and ChineseEvery nation has its own history, during which it has shaped its own particular characteristics. As a special social and linguistic phenomenon, names relate to cultures extensively and profoundly. When we learn a foreign language and try to make effective munication, we must understand its culture and need to know about names and naming, just as when we study a language we need to know its vocabulary and its grammar. In this section, we are going to make a parative study on these aspects between Chinese and English name systems.As we all know that, the Chinese people emphasize "name", since they maintain the only when name is certified can language be smooth, thats why there are many titles in the business card in China and some title of the part-time job will be added in the business card in China as well. However, when it es to English business card, the definition of business card in English is a small card with ones name <and address> on it which one gives to people one does not know when one goes to visit them or leave if they are not home. We can understand from the definition that business card is used for the visiting on the unknown persons with name and address on the card. Therefore, the business card in English countries also only has the name, address, educational degree or one or two practical occupations.Another different of business card translation in China and Western countries are the title and occupation. With the influence of planed economy, the occupation of one person is almost the summarization of his whole life and the tile and occupation refer to salary, allowance and even the living condition, which is paid close attention among the Chinese people. Those phenomenon leads to many special situations in the business card in China. For example, the authority or power one owns may be larger than the actual power with the actual occupation, which means the power doesnt match with the actual occupation. Under such condition, the description or the title on the business card will be plicated, which will be extremely hard for the foreigner to understand such condition without particular cultural background. The cultural condition brings many difficulties for name translation in business card.3 Name TranslationEven though a business card is tiny, actually it contains the unique information function and intercourse function. Any incorrectness and mistakes during the translation of business card will wield the bad influence on the international munication. Therefore, name translation in business card is extremely significant whenever from Chinese name to English name or from English name to Chinese name.3.1 From Chinese name to English nameThe translation of names in business card from Chinese to English is translating Chinese names into English names. During name translation, transliteration is the most mon translation method. Following the pronunciation of the owners language means when translating personal names, one should follow the pronunciation of the owners language. According to this principle, the names of Chinese people should be translated according to Chinese Phonetic Alphabet. Actually, name is a symbol, referring to the particular person. In China, family name is a code for a family since Chinese people possess the strong family concept, so the family name es first and the given name es second. The family name in China is with long history with profound connotation, so the parents pay close attention to name giving and the name is full of the particular meaning. Chinese name is posed by family name and given name. Besides, name translation always adopts transliteration with Pinyin. According to the custom of Chinese, family name es first, given name es second, and there is a space between family name and given name, such as Zhao Zilong. In order to let people who e from different countries get full understanding of each others culture, we need some principles to standardize these naming translation.Firstly, putting family name ahead of given name. For example, "张健" should be transliterate into "Zhang Jian", but no "Jian Zhang". When the syllables "a", "e" and "o" is after other syllables, it is needed to add a syllable-dividing mark to distinguish. For example, "吴建安" should be translated into "Wu Jianan". Secondly, Family name and given name should be departed. There should be not any space or marks like hyphen or point between different characters in the given name. And the first letter of them must be capitalized". For example, ""should be translated into "Deng Xiaoping".Some names of Chinese people are not translated according to Chinese Phonetic Alphabet. They adopt the established popular translated names. For example Confucius<孔子>,Sun yat-sen<孙中山>,Soong Ching Ling<宋庆龄>,Tan Kah Kee<陈嘉庚>,Yuan Shi-Kai<袁世凯>, Chou En-Lai<周恩来> and so on.Chinese name can be translated into English, which can make more Chinese people to be known among the world and make a general rule for English name translation. However, the special connotation among Chinese name will lost, especially for the names given in the specialhistoric period or particular place. However, the transliteration from Chinese name to English name cant precisely demonstrate the special meaning to some extent for the cultural difference. 3.2 From English name to Chinese nameIn addition to the translation from Chinese name to English name, there are also the cases of name translation from English to Chinese.During name translation, the translator should pay close attention to the following principles.Firstly, putting the family name at last. As we all know, English names have their own forms: first name + middle name + family name. Such as "James Justin Brown" is translated into "詹姆斯 贾斯汀 布朗". According to their traditional culture, we should put their Christian names at first and then middle names, and family names in the end.Secondly, there should be a point among the first name, the middle name and the family name. Namely, in transliteration English first name and middle name, there should be a "." between them. And"." is also needed between family name and given name. For example, "John F. Kennedy"should be transliteration into"约翰. F.肯尼迪". As to the short form of middle name, we can remain it in the transliteration.The translation from English name to Chinese name can demonstrate more celebrities to China and make more Chinese people to aware their achievements. However, since the majority of translation method is adopted with transliteration and the same pronunciation of Chinese can correspond to the various letters, the name translation from English to Chinese cant guarantee absolute correctness and preciseness, which needs a general standard to regulate the rule for the name translation from Eng