美国独立宣言.docx
美国独立宣言美利坚合众国十三个州一致通过的宣言WhenintheCourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbondswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthePowersoftheearth,theseparateandequalstationtowhichtheLawsofNatureandofNature'sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparation.在有关人类事务的发展过程中,当一个民族必须解除其和另一个与之有关的民族之间的政治联系,并在世界各国之间,接受自然法则和自然界的造物主的旨意赋予的独立和平等的地位时,出于对人类舆论的尊重,必须把他们不得不独立的原因予以宣布。Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,Liberty,andthepursuitofHappiness.我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等,造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利,其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。Thattosecuretheserights,GovernmentsareinstitutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned.为了保隙这些权利,人类才在他们之间建立政府,而政府之正当权力,是经被治理者的同意而产生的。ThatwheneveranyformofGovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseends,itistheRightofthePeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewGovernment,layingitsfoundationonsuchprinciplesandorganizingitspowersinsuchform,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirSafetyandHappiness.Prudence,indeed,willdictatethatGovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientcauses;andaccordinglyallexperiencehasshown,thatmankindaremoredisposedtosuffer,whileevilsaresufferable,thantorightthemselvesbyabolishingtheformstowhichtheyareaccustomed.Butwhenalongtrainofabusesandusurpations,pursuinginvariablythesameObject,evincesadesigntoreducethemunderabsoluteDespotism,itistheirright,itistheirduty,tothrowoffsuchGovernment,andtoprovidenewGuardsfortheirfuturesecurity.当任何形式的政府对这些目标具破坏作用时,人民便有权力改变或废除它,以建立一个新的政府;其赖以奠基的原则,其组织权力的方式,务使人民认为唯有这样才最可能获得他们的安全和幸福。为了慎重起见,成立多年的政府,是不应当由于轻微和短暂的原因而予以变更的。过去的一切经验也都说明,任何苦难,只要是尚能忍受,人类都宁愿容忍,而无意为了本身的权益便废除他们久已习惯了的政府。但是,当追逐同一目标的一连串滥用职权和强取豪夺发生,证明政府企图把人民置于专制统治之下时,那么人民就有权利,也有义务推翻这个政府,并为他们未来的安全建立新的保障一一SuchhasbeenthepatientsufferanceoftheseColonies;andsuchisnowthenecessitywhichconstrainsthemtoaltertheirformerSystemsofGovernment.ThehistoryofthepresentKingofGreatBritainisahistoryofrepeatedinjuriesandusurpations,allhavingindirectobjecttheestablishmentofanabsoluteTyrannyovertheseStates.Toprovethis,letFactsbesubmittedtoacandidworld.这就是这些殖民地过去逆来顺受的情况,也是它们不得不改变政府制度的原因。大不列颠国在位国王的历史,是接连不断的伤天害理和强取豪夺的历史,这些暴行的唯一目标,就是想在这些州建立专制的暴政。为了证明所言属实,现把下列事实向公正的世界宣布HehasrefusedhisAssenttoLaws,themostwholesomeandnecessaryforthepublicgood.他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必要的法律。HehasforbiddenhisGovernorstopassLawsofimmediateandpressingimportance,unlesssuspendedintheiroperationtillhisAssentshouldbeobtained;andwhensosuspended,hehasutterlyneglectedtoattendtothem.他禁止他的总督们批准迫切而极为必要的法律,要不就把这些法律搁置起来暂不生效,等待他的同意;而一旦这些法律被搁置起来,他对它们就完全置之不理。HehasrefusedtopassotherLawsfortheaccommodationoflargedistrictsofpeople,unlessthosepeoplewouldrelinquishtherightofRepresentationintheLegislature,arightinestimabletothemandformidabletotyrantsonly.他拒绝批准便利广大地区人民的其它法律,除非那些人民情愿放弃自己在立法机关中的代表权;但这种权利对他们有无法估量的价值,而且只有暴君才畏惧这种权利。Hehascalledtogetherlegislativebodiesatplacesunusual,uncomfortable,anddistantfromthedepositoryoftheirpublicRecords,forthesolepurposeoffatiguingthemintocompliancewithhismeasures.他把各州立法团体召集到异乎寻常的、极为不便的、远离他们档案库的地方去开会,唯一的目的是使他们疲于奔命,不得不顺从他的意旨。HehasdissolvedRepresentativeHousesrepeatedly,foropposingwithmanlyfirmnesshisinvasionsontherightsofthepeople.他一再解散各州的议会,因为它们以无畏的坚毅态度反对他侵犯人民的权利。Hehasrefusedforalongtime,aftersuchdissolutions,tocauseotherstobeelected;wherebytheLegislativepowers,incapableofAnnihilation,havereturnedtothePeopleatlargefortheirexercise;theStateremaininginthemeantimeexposedtoallthedangersofinvasionfromwithout,andconvulsionswithin.他在解散各州议会之后,又长期拒绝另选新议会;但立法权是无法取消的,因此这项权力仍由一般人民来行使。其实各州仍然处于危险的境地,既有外来侵略之患,又有发生内乱之忧。HehasendeavouredtopreventthepopulationoftheseStates;forthatpurposeobstructingtheLawsofNaturalizationofForeigners;refusingtopassotherstoencouragetheirmigrationshither,andraisingtheconditionsofnewAppropriationsofLands.他竭力抑制我们各州增加人口;为此目的,他阻挠外国人入籍法的通过,拒绝批准其它鼓励外国人移居各州的法律,并提高分配新土地的条件。HehasobstructedtheAdministrationofJustice,byrefusinghisAssenttoLawsforestablishingJudiciarypowers.他拒绝批准建立司法权力的法律,藉以阻挠司法工作的推行。HehasmadeJudgesdependentonhisWillalone,forthetenureoftheiroffices,andtheamountandpaymentoftheirsalaries.他把法官的任期、薪金数额和支付,完全置于他个人意志的支配之下。HehaserectedamultitudeofNewOffices,andsenthitherswarmsofOfficerstoharassourPeople,andeatouttheirsubstance.他建立新官署,派遣大批官员,骚扰我们人民,并耗尽人民必要的生活物质。Hehaskeptamongus,intimesofpeace,StandingArmieswithouttheConsentofourlegislatures.他在和平时期,未经我们的立法机关同意,就在我们中间维持常备军。HehasaffectedtorendertheMilitaryindependentofandsuperiortotheCivilpower.他力图使军队独立于民政之外,并凌驾于民政之上。Hehascombinedwithotherstosubjectustoajurisdictionforeigntoourconstitution,andunacknowledgedbyourlaws;givinghisAssenttotheirActsofpretendedLegislation:他同某些人勾结起来把我们置于一种不适合我们的体制且不为我们的法律所承认的管辖之下;他还批准那些人炮制的各种伪法案来达到以下目的:Forquarteringlargebodiesofarmedtroopsamongus:在我们中间驻扎大批武装部队;Forprotectingthem,byamockTrial,fromPunishmentforanyMurderswhichtheyshouldcommitontheInhabitantsoftheseStates:用假审讯来包庇他们,使他们杀害我们各州居民而仍然逍遥法外;ForcuttingoffourTradewithallpartsoftheworld:切断我们同世界各地的贸易;ForimposingTaxesonuswithoutourConsent:未经我们同意便向我们强行征税:Fordeprivingusinmanycases,ofthebenefitsofTrialbyJury:在许多案件中剥夺我们享有陪审制的权益;FortransportingusbeyondSeastobetriedforpretendedoffences:罗织罪名押送我们到海外去受审:ForabolishingthefreeSystemofEnglishLawsinaneighbouringProvince,establishingthereinanArbitrarygovernment,andenlargingitsBoundariessoastorenderitatonceanexampleandfitinstrumentforintroducingthesameabsoluteruleintotheseColonies:在一个邻省废除英国的自由法制,在那里建立专制政府,并扩大该省的强界,企图把该省变成既是一个样板又是一个得心应手的工具,以便进而向这里的各殖民地推行同样的极权统治;FortakingawayourCharters,abolishingourmostvaluableLaws,andalteringfundamentallytheformsofourGovernments:取消我们的宪章,废除我们最宝贵的法律,并且根本上改变我们各州政府的形式;ForsuspendingourownLegislatures,anddeclaringthemselvesinvestedwithpowertolegislateforusinallcaseswhatsoever.中止我们自己的立法机关行使权力,宣称他们自己有权就一切事宜为我们制定法律。HehasabdicatedGovernmenthere,bydeclaringusoutofhisProtectionandwagingWaragainstus.他宣布我们已不属他保护之列,并对我们作战,从而放弃了在这里的政务。Hehasplunderedourseas,ravagedourCoasts,burntourtowns,anddestroyedtheLivesofourpeople.他在我们的海域大肆掠夺,蹂踊我们沿海地区,焚烧我们的城镇,残害我们人民的生命。Heisatthistimetransportinglargearmiesofforeignmercenariestocompleattheworksofdeath,desolationandtyranny,alreadybegunwithcircumstancesofCruelty&perfidyscarcelyparalleledinthemostbarbarousages,andtotallyunworthytheHeadofacivilizednation.他此时正在运送大批外国佣兵来完成屠杀、破坏和肆虐的老勾当,这种勾当早就开始,其残酷卑劣甚至在最野蛮的时代都难以找到先例。他完全不配作为一个文明国家的元首。HehasconstrainedourfellowCitizenstakenCaptiveonthehighSeastobearArmsagainsttheirCountry,tobecometheexecutionersoftheirfriendsandBrethren,ortofallthemselvesbytheirHands.他在公海上俘虏我们的同胞,强迫他们拿起武器来反对自己的国家,成为残杀自己亲人和朋友的刽子手,或是死于自己的亲人和朋友的手下。Hehasexciteddomesticinsurrectionsamongstus,andhasendeavouredtobringontheinhabitantsofourfrontiers,themercilessIndianSavages,whoseknownruleofwarfare,isanundistinguisheddestructionofallages,sexesandconditions.他在我们中间煽动内乱,并且竭力挑唆那些残酷无情、没有开化的印第安人来杀掠我们边疆的居民;而众所周知,印第安人的作战律令是不分男女老幼,一律格杀勿论的。IneverystageoftheseOppressionsWehavePetitionedforRedressinthemosthumbleterms:OurrepeatedPetitionshavebeenansweredonlybyrepeatedinjury.APrince,whosecharacteristhusmarkedbyeveryactwhichmaydefineaTyrant,isunfittobetherulerofafreepeople.在这些压迫的每一阶段中,我们都是用最谦卑的言辞请愿改善;但屡次请求所得到的答复是屡次遭受损害。一个君主,当他的品格已打上了暴君行为的烙印时,是不配做自由人民的统治者的。NorhaveWebeenwantinginattentiontoourBritishbrethren.Wehavewarnedthemfromtimetotimeofattemptsbytheirlegislaturetoextendanunwarrantablejurisdictionoverus.Wehaveremindedthemofthecircumstancesofouremigrationandsettlementhere.Wehaveappealedtotheirnativejusticeandmagnanimity,andwehaveconjuredthembythetiesofourcommonkindredtodisavowtheseusurpation,whichwouldinevitablyinterruptourconnectionsandcorrespondence.Theytoohavebeendeaftothevoiceofjusticeandofconsanguinity.Wemust,therefore,acquiesceinthenecessity,whichdenouncesourSeparation,andholdthem,asweholdtherestofmankind,EnemiesinWar,inPeaceFriends.我们不是没有注意我们英国的弟兄。我们时常提醒他们,他们的立法机关企图把无理的管辖权横加到我们的头上。我们也曾把我们移民出这里和在这里定居的情形告诉他们。我们曾经向他们天生的正义感和雅量呼吁,我们恳求他们念在同种同宗的份上,弃绝这些掠夺行为,以免影响彼此的关系和往来。但是他们却对于这种正义和血缘的呼声一直充耳不闻。因此,我们实在不得不宣布和他们脱离,并且以对待世界上其它民族一样的态度对待他们:战即为敌:和则为友。We,therefore,theRepresentativesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,inGeneralCongress,Assembled,appealingtotheSupremeJudgeoftheworldfortherectitudeofourintentions,do,intheName,andbyAuthorityofthegoodPeopleoftheseColonies,solemnlypublishanddeclare,ThattheseUnitedColoniesare,andofRightoughttobeFreeandIndependentStates;thattheyareAbsolvedfromallAllegiancetotheBritishCrown,andthatallpoliticalconnectionbetweenthemandtheStateofGreatBritain,isandoughttobetotallydissolved;andthatasFreeandIndependentStates,theyhavefullPowertolevyWar,concludePeace,contractAlliances,establishCommerce,andtodoallotherActsandThingswhichIndependentStatesmayofrightdo.AndforthesupportofthisDeclaration,withafirmrelianceontheProtectionofDivineProvidence,wemutuallypledgetoeachotherourLives,ourFortunesandoursacredHonor.因此,我们,在大陆会议上集会的美利坚合众国代表,以各殖民地善良人民的名义并经他们授权,向全世界最崇高的正义呼吁,说明我们的严正意向,同时郑重宣布;这些联合的殖民地是而且有权成为自由和独立的国家,它们取消一切对英国王室效忠的义务,它们和大不列颠国家之间的一切政治关系从此全部断绝,而且必须断绝;作为自由独立的国家,它们完全有权宣战、缔和、结盟、通商和独立国家有权去做的一切行动。为了支持这篇宣言,我们坚决信赖上帝的庇佑,以我们的生命、我们的财产和我们神圣的名誉,彼此宣誓。