2023雅思官方考试指南IELTS 18.docx

®CAMBRIDGE本文档不可编辑IELTSACADEMIC8WlTHANSWERSAUTHENTICPRACTICETESTSProducedbyCambridgeUniversityPress&AssessmentContentsIntroduction47est110Test232Test355Test478Audioscripts99ListeningandReadinganswerkeys119SampleWritinganswers127Sampleanswersheets138Acknowledgements142IntroductionPreparefortheexamwithpracticetestsfromCambridgeInsideyou,llfindfourauthenticexaminationpapersfromCambridgeUniversityPress&Assessment.Theyaretheperfectwaytopractise一EXACTLYliketherealexam.Whyaretheyunique?AllourauthenticpracticetestsgothroughthesamedesignprocessastheIELTStest.Wecheckeverysinglepartofourpracticetestswithrealstudentsunderexamconditions,tomakesurewegiveyouthemostauthenticexperiencepossible.Studentscantakethesetestsontheirownorwiththehelpofateachertofamiliarisethemselveswiththeexamformat,understandthesringsystemandpractiseexamtechnique.FurtherinformationIELTSisjointlymanagedbytheBritishCouncil,IDP:IELTSAustraIiaandCambridgeUniversityPress&Assessment.FurtherinformationcanbefoundontheIELTSofficialwebsiteatielts.org.WHATISTHETESTFORMAT?IELTSconsistsoffourmponents.AllcandidatestakethesameListeningandSpeakingtests.ThereisachoiceofReadingandWritingtestsaccordingtowhetheracandidateistakingtheAcademicorGeneralTrainingmodule.AcademicFor candidates wishing to study at undergraduate or postgraduate levels, and for those seeking professional registration.GeneralTrainingForcandidateswishingtomigratetoanEnglish-speakingcountry(Australia,Canada,NewZealand,UK)andforthosewishingtotrainorstudybelowdegreelevel.Thetestcomponentsaretakeninthefollowingorder:1.istening4parts,40items,approximately30minutesGeneral Training Reading3 sections, 40 items60 minutesGeneral Training Writing2 tasks60 minutesAcademicReading3sections,40itemsor60minutesAcademicWriting2tasksor60minutesSpeaking11to14minutesTotal(Maximum)TestTime2hours44minutesACADEMICTESTFORMAT1.isteningThistestconsistsoffourparts,eachwithtenquestions.Thefirsttwopartsareconcernedwithsocialneeds.Thefirstpartisaconversationbetweentwospeakersandthesecondpartisamonologue.Thefinaltwopartsareconcernedwithsituationsrelatedtoeducationalortrainingcontexts.Thethirdpartisaconversationbetweenuptofourpeopleandthefourthpartisamonologue.Avarietyofquestiontypesisused,including:multiplechoice,matching,planmapdiagramlabelling,formcompletion,notecompletion,tablecompletion,flowchartcompletion,summarycompletion,sentencecompletionandshort-answerquestions.Candidatesheartherecordingonceonlyandanswerthequestionsastheylisten.Tenminutesareallowedattheendforcandidatestotransfertheiranswerstotheanswersheet.ReadingThistestnsistsofthreesectionswith40questions.Therearethreetexts,whicharetakenfromjournals,books,magazinesandnewspapers.Thetextsareontopicsofgeneralinterest.Atleastonetextcontainsdetailedlogicalargument.Avarietyofquestiontypesisused,including:multiplechoice,identifyinginformation(True/False/NotGiven),identifyingthewriter,sviews/claims(Yes/No/NotGiven),matchinginformation,matchingheadings,matchingfeatures,matchingsentenceendings,sentencecompletion,summarycompletion,notecompletion,tablecompletion,flowchartcompletion,diagram-labelcompletionandshort-answerquestions.WritingThistestconsistsoftwotasks.Itissuggestedthatcandidatesspendabout20minutesonTask1,whichrequiresthemtowriteatleast150words,and40minutesonTask2,whichrequiresthemtowriteatleast250words.Task2ntributestwiceasmuchasTask1totheWritingscore.Task1requirescandidatestolookatadiagramorsomedata(inagraph,tableorchart)andtopresenttheinformationintheirownwords.Theyareassessedontheirabilitytoorganise,presentandpossiblycomparedata,andarerequiredtodescribethestagesofaprocess,describeanobjectorevent,orexplainhowsomethingworks.InTask2,candidatesarepresentedwithapointofview,argumentorproblem.Theyareassessedontheirabilitytopresentasolutiontotheproblem,presentandjustifyanopinion,compareandcontrastevidenceandopinions,andevaluateandchallengeideas,evidenceorarguments.Candidatesarealsoassessedontheirabilitytowriteinanappropriatestyle.MoreinformationonassessingtheWritingtest,includingWritingassessmentcriteria(publicversion),isavailableatielts.org.SpeakingThistesttakesbetween11and14minutesandisconductedbyatrainedexaminer.Therearethreeparts:Part7Thecandidateandtheexaminerintroducethemselves.Candidatesthenanswergeneralquestionsaboutthemselves,theirhome/family,theirjob/studies,theirinterestsandawiderangeofsimilarfamiliartopicareas.Thispartlastsbetweenfourandfiveminutes.Part2Thecandidateisgivenataskcardwithpromptsandisaskedtotalkonaparticulartopic.Thecandidatehasoneminutetoprepareandtheycanmakesomenotesiftheywish,beforespeakingforbetweenoneandtwominutes.Theexaminerthenasksoneortwoquestionsonthesametopic.Part3TheexaminerandthecandidateengageinadiscussionofmoreabstractissueswhicharethematicallylinkedtothetopicinPart2.Thediscussionlastsbetweenfourandfiveminutes.TheSpeakingtestassesseswhethercandidatescancommunicateeffectivelyinEnglish.TheassessmenttakesintoaccountFluencyandCoherence,LexicalResource,GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy,andPronunciation.MoreinformationonassessingtheSpeakingtest,includingSpeakingassessmentcriteria(publicversion),isavailableatielts.org.HOWISIELTSSCORED?IELTSresultsarereportedonanine-bandscale.Inadditiontothescoreforoveralllanguageability,IELTSprovidesascoreintheformofaprofileforeachofthefourskills(Listening,Reading,WritingandSpeaking).Thesescoresarealsoreportedonanine-bandscale.AllscoresarerecordedonthelestReportFormalongwithdetailsofthecandidate'snationality,firstlanguageanddateofbirth.EachOverallBandScorecorrespondstoadescriptivestatementwhichgivesasummaryoftheEnglish-Ianguageabilityofacandidateclassifiedatthatlevel.Theninebandsandtheirdescriptivestatementsareasfollows:9Expertuser-Hasfullyoperationalcommandofthelanguage:appropriate,accurateandfluentwithcompleteunderstanding.8Verygooduser-Hasfullyoperationalcommandofthelanguagewithonlyoccasionalunsystematicinaccuraciesandinappropriacies.Misunderstandingsmayoccurinunfamiliarsituations.Handlescomplexdetailedargumentationwell.7Gooduser-Hasoperationalcommandofthelanguage,thoughwithoccasionalinaccuracies,inappropriaciesandmisunderstandingsinsomesituations.Generallyhandlescomplexlanguagewellandunderstandsdetailedreasoning.6Competentuser-Hasgenerallyeffectivecommandofthelanguagedespitesomeinaccuracies,inappropriaciesandmisunderstandings.Canuseandunderstandfairlycomplexlanguage,particularlyinfamiliarsituations.5Modestuser-Haspartialcommandofthelanguage,copingwithoverallmeaninginmostsituations,thoughislikelytomakemanymistakes.Shouldbeabletohandlebasiccommunicationinownfield.4Limiteduser-Basiccompetenceislimitedtofamiliarsituations.Hasfrequentproblemsinunderstandingandexpression.Isnotabletousecomplexlanguage.3Extremelylimiteduser一Conveysandunderstandsonlygeneralmeaninginveryfamiliarsituations.Frequentbreakdownsincommunicationoccur.2Intermittentuser-HasgreatdifficultyunderstandingspokenandwrittenEnglish.1Non-user一Essentiallyhasnoabilitytousethelanguagebeyondpossiblyafewisolatedwords.ODidnotattemptthetest-Didnotanswerthequestions.MARKINGTHEPRACTICETESTS1.isteningandReadingTheanswerkeysareonpages119-126.EachquestionintheListeningandReadingtestsisworthonemark.Questionswhichrequireletter/RomannumeralanswersForquestionswheretheanswersarelettersorRomannumerals,youshouldwriteonlythenumberofanswersrequired.Forexample,iftheanswerisasingleletterornumeral,youshouldwriteonlyoneanswer.Ifyouhavewrittenmorelettersornumeralsthanarerequired,theanswermustbemarkedwrong.QuestionswhichrequireanswersintheformofwordsornumbersAnswersmaybewritteninupperorlowercase.Wordsinbracketsareoptional-theyarerrect,butnotnecessary.Alternativeanswersareseparatedbyaslash(/).Ifyouareaskedtowriteananswerusingacertainnumberofwordsand/or(a)number(s),youwillbepenalisedifyouexceedthis.Forexample,ifaquestionspecifiesananswerusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSandthecorrectansweris*blackleathercoat,theanswer*coatofblackleather*isincorrect.Inquestionswhereyouareexpectedtocompleteagap,youshouldonlytransferthenecessarymissingword(s)ontotheanswersheet.Forexample,tocomplete,inthe'，wherethecorrectansweris,morning,theanswer,inthemorning*wouldbeincorrect.Allanswersrequirecorrectspelling(includingwordsinbrackets).BothUSandUKspellingareacceptableandareincludedintheanswerkey.Allstandardalternativesfornumbers,datesandcurrenciesareacceptable.Allstandardabbreviationsareacceptable.Youwillfindadditionalnotesaboutindividualanswersintheanswerkey.WritingThesampleandmodelanswersareonpages127-137.ItisnotpossibleforyoutogiveyourselfamarkfortheWritingtasks.Wehaveprovidedsampleanswers(writtenbycandidates),showingtheirscoreandtheexaminers*comments.Wehavealsoprovidedhigh-levelmodelanswerswrittenbyexaminers.AdditionalsampleandmodelanswerscanbedownloadedfromtheResourceBank.ThesesampleandmodelanswerswillgiveyouaninsightintowhatisrequiredfortheWritingtest.HOWSHOULDYOUINTERPRETYOURSCORES?AttheendofeachListeningandReadinganswerkeyyouwillfindachartwhichwillhelpyouassesswhether,onthebasisofyourpracticetestresults,youarereadytotaketheIELTStest.Ininterpretingyoursre,thereareanumberofpointsyoushouldbearinmind.YourperformanceintherealIELTStestwillbereportedintwoways:therewillbeaBandScorefrom1to9foreachofthecomponentsandanOverallBandScorefrom1to9,whichistheaverageofyourscoresinthefourcomponents.However,institutionsconsideringyourapplicationareadvisedtolookatboththeOverallBandScoreandtheBandScoreforeachcomponentinordertodeterminewhetheryouhavethelanguageskillsneededforaparticularcourseofstudy.Forexample,ifyourcourseinvolvesalotofreadingandwriting,butnolectures,listeningskillsmightbelessimportantandascoreof5inListeningmightbeacceptableiftheOverallBandScorewas7.However,foracoursewhichhaslotsoflecturesandspokeninstructions,ascoreof5inListeningmightbeunacceptableeventhoughtheOverallBandScorewas7.Onceyouhavemarkedyourtests,youshouldhavesomeideaofwhetheryourlisteningandreadingskillsaregoodenoughforyoutotrytheIELTStest.Ifyoudidwellenoughinonecomponent,butnotinothers,youwillhavetodecideforyourselfwhetheryouarereadytotakethetest.ThepracticetestshavebeencheckedtoensurethattheyarethesamelevelofdifficultyastherealIELTStest.However,wecannotguaranteethatyourscoreinthepracticetestswillbereflectedintherealIELTStest.Thepracticetestscanonlygiveyouanideaofyourpossiblefutureperformanceanditisultimatelyuptoyoutomakedecisionsbasedonyourscore.DifferentinstitutionsacceptdifferentIELTSscoresfordifferenttypesofcourses.Wehavebasedourrecommendationsontheaveragescoreswhichthemajorityofinstitutionsaccept.Theinstitutiontowhichyouareapplyingmay,ofurse,requireahigherorlowerscorethanmostotherinstitutions.Test1LISTENINGPART1QuestionsI-IOCompletethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.TransportsurveyName:Year of birth:Postcode:SadieJones19911TravellingbybusDateofbusjourney:Reasonfortrip:TravelledbybusbecausestofGotonbusatComplaintsaboutbusservice:2shoppingandvisittothe3.4toohigh5Street-bustodaywas6frequencyofbusesinthe7Travellingbycar8by carGoestotheTravellingbybicycleDislikestravellingbybikeinthecitycentrebecauseofthe9Doesn,townabikebecauseofalackof10PART2Questions11-20Questions11-13Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.BecomingaVoIunteerforACE11Whydoesthespeakerapologiseabouttheseats?ATheyaretoosmall.BTherearenotenoughofthem.CSomeofthemareveryclosetogether.12Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheageofvolunteers?ATheageofvolunteersislessimportantthanotherfactors.BYoungvolunteersarelessreliablethanolderones.CMostvolunteersareabout60yearsold.13Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttraining?AItiscontinuous.BItisconductedbyamanager.CIttakesplaceonline.Questions14and15Choose7W0letters,A-E.WhichTWOissuesdoesthespeakerasktheaudiencetoconsiderbeforetheyapplytobevolunteers?AtheirfinancialsituationBtheirlevelofcommitmentCtheirworkexperienceDtheirambitionEtheiravailabilityTest7Questions16-20Whatdoesthespeakersuggestwouldbehelpfulforeachofthefollowingareasofvoluntarywork?ChooseFIVEanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectletter,A-GtnexttoQuestions16-20.HelpfulthingsvolunteersmightofferAexperienceonstageBoriginal,newideasCparentingskillsDanunderstandingoffoodanddietEretailexperienceFagoodmemoryGagoodleveloffitnessAreaofvoluntarywork16Fundraising17Littercollection18'Playmates*19Storyclub20Firstaid12-0P119国p100PART3Questions21-30Questions21-26Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.Talkonjobsinfashiondesign21WhatproblemdidChantalhaveatthestartofthetalk?AHerviewofthespeakerwasblocked.BShewasunabletofindanemptyseat.CThestudentsnexttoherweretalking.22WhatwereHugoandChantalsurprisedtohearaboutthejobmarket?AIthasbecomemorecompetitivethanitusedtobe.BThereismorevarietyinitthantheyhadrealised.CSomeareasofitaremoreexcitingthanothers.23HugoandChantalagreethatthespeaker,smessagewasAunfairtothemattimes.Bhardforthemtofollow.Ccriticaloftheindustry.24WhatdoHugoandChantalcriticiseabouttheirschoolcareersadvice?AwhentheyreceivedtheadviceBhowmuchadvicewasgivenCwhogavetheadvice25Whendiscussingtheirfuture,HugoandChantaldisagreeonAwhichisthebestcareerinfashion.Bwhentochooseacareerinfashion.Cwhytheywouldlikeacareerinfashion.26HowdoesHugofeelaboutbeinganunpaidassistant?AHeisrealisticaboutthepractice.BHefeelsthepracticeisdishonest.CHethinksotherswanttochangethepractice.Questions27and28ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhichTWOmistakesdidthespeakeradmitshemadeinherfirstjob?AbeingdishonesttoheremployerBpayingtoomuchattentiontohowshelookedCexpectingtobecomewellknownDtryingtoearnalotofmoneyEopenlydislikingherclientQuestions29and30ChooseTWOletters,A-EWhichTWOpiecesofretailinformationdoHugoandChantalagreewouldbeuseful?AthereasonspeoplereturnfashionitemsBhowmuchtimepeoplehavetoshopforclothesCfashiondesignspeoplewantbutcan,tfindDthebesttimeofyearforfashionbuyingEthemostpopularfashionsizesPART 4Questions 31-40Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.ElephanttranslocationReasonsforoverpopulationatMajeteNationalParkstrictenforcementofanti-poachinglawssuccessfulbreedingProblemscausedbyelephantoverpopulationgreatercompetition,causinghungerforelephantsdamageto31intheparkThetranslocationprocessasuitablegroupofelephantsfromthesame32wasSeleCtedvetsandparkStaffmadeuseof33tohelpguidetheelephantsintoanopenplainelephantswereimmobilisedwithtranquilisers-thisprocesshadtobecompletedquicklytoreduce34-elephantshadtobeturnedontheir35toavoiddamagetotheirlungs-elephants136hadtobemonitoredconstantly-trackingdeviceswerefittedtothematriarchs-dataincludingthesizeoftheirtusksand37wastakenelephantsweretakenbytrucktotheirnewreserveAdvantagesoftranslocationatNkhotakotaWildlifePark38opportunitiesareductioninthenumberofpoachersand39anexampleofconservationthatother