2024剑桥雅思讲义Form_and_Note_Completion_Practice_Questions_1.docx

Form&NoteCompletionPracticeQuestionsCompletethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHAN2WORDSforeachanswer.NotesontheHistoryofLifeFormsontheEarthGeneticmaterialintheformof1begantocreateproteinsanddestroytheirenvironment.TheEarthbecame2withlife.Bacteriagainedtheabilitytoconsume3andproduceoxygen.Bacteriaeatingotherbacteriaeventuallycaused4.ThesetimesofgreatcoldandwarmthledtheEarthtobecomea5filledbyglaciers.700-800millionyearsago:6cametogethertocreatemulticellularlife.600millionyearsago:geometric7appeared,usingmicrobesfromwater.Thiseraendedwith8reappearinganddestroyingmostlife.However,mass9createdopportunitiesfornewkindsoflife.IntheareaofChina,atypeoffishevolvedtohave10,whichdroveotherspeciestoextinction.!SMgForm&NoteCompletionPracticeQuestionsAnswerKey:1. viruses2. infected3. sunshine4. climateshocks5. snowball6. microbes7. colonies8. glaciers9. extinction(s)10. JawsLinktovideotutorial:https:STranSCriPtSOUrCe:https:WWWPaleontology,asciencegearedtowardssmallchildren,focusedondiggingupdinosaurswhilesportinga"JurassicPark"costume.Skullsarepoppedoutofthegroundandputondisplayforpublicgawking.Therelevanceofthis,beyondclickbait,coloringbooksandmonstermoviesisunknown.No.Wait.ThaVsnotpaleontologyatall.Paleontologyisnothinglessthanthestudyofpastlife.Allpastlife.Fromancestorstoalienforms.Itinvolvesfundamentalquestionslike"Whoarewe?"And"Howdidwegethere?”-usingthebroadestpossibledefinitionof,we,*:lifeitself.Dinosaurs,acategoryofbirds,arejustasmallpercentageofthat.Yettheygetthemostmediaattention.Ifsaveryaccuratememe;Ididn'tevenmakethisone.Thisisjustthetruth.Anyway,mostofuspaleontologistsconsiderdinosaurstobeagatewaydrug.Thereissomuchcoolerstuffinthefossilrecord,andweknowsomuchaboutit.Let'sgoonabrief,dinosaur-freetourofthelastfourbillionyears.Form&NoteCompletionPracticeQuestionsFirstup,geneticmaterial.Viruses,basically,startedproducingproteinsandwreckingtheirenvironment.TheEarthwasinfectedwithlife.Someofthesenewbacterialearnedhowtoeatsunshine,producingoxygen,pullingincarbonfromtheairanddestroyingtheironfoodofothermicrobesbyturningitintorust.Thiswentonforbillionsofyears.Somebacteriaconsumedotherbacteria,gainingtheirpowertoturnoxygenintoenergy,becomingtheprecursorsofanimalsandplants.Butasaresult,therewereclimateshocks,fromhottocoldandbackagain,whichendedupturningtheEarthintoasnowballcoveredwithglaciers.Thetechnicaltermforthistimeperiodis"SnowballEarth.mSevenhundred,eighthundredmillionyearsago.Anyway,microbesbandedtogether,creatingmulticellularlife.Sixhundredmillionyearsago,geometriccoloniesappeared,suckingmicrobesfromthewater.Theseweresoonreplacedbytheancestorsofmodernanimals.TheCambrianexplosion.Lobsterrelativesateotheranimals,capturingthemusingtheirgraspingarms.Armoredwrigglingclamwormscrawledacrosstheseafloorandintoit,creatingnewecosystems.Ourtadpole-likeancestorsflittedalongancientcoastlines,whiletheireel-likerelativeswithgnashingthroatteethswamabovetheice-creamconecoralsofthefirstreefs,dodgingschool-bus-sizedkrakensandhungryseascorpions.Plantfunguscameontoland.Butthentheglaciersreturned,killingprettymucheverything.Butmassextinctionsopenopportunities.Jawlessfishesinvadedtheocean,sportingpoints,prongs,andfinally,fins.Spiders,scorpions,snailsandwormscameontoland.SomewherearoundChina,afishdevelopedjaws,anditsdescendantsdrovejawlessfishes,seascorpionsandbranchingplanktontoextinction.Someofthesefishes,whichhadarmbonesintheirfins,sproutedfingers,sevenoreightperflipper.Onland,plantsbecametrees,growingmassiveorspreadingtheirsporesonlyoncebeforedying.