2024剑桥雅思讲义Reading-eBook.docx

IELTSWritingAcademybyIELTSAdVantAgeTheCompleteAtoZGuidetoIELTSReading>IELTSWritingAcademyty«LTSA0whM0Clickonthewordstojumptothepage:IntroductionTheReadingTestReadingTipsQuestionTypesI. ShortAnswerII. MultipleChoiceIII. SummaryCompletionIV. MatchingSentencesV. SentenceCompletionVI. True/False/NotGivenVII. Yes/No/NotGivenVIII. MatchingHeadingsIX. LabellingaDiagramX. MatchingNamesXI. MatchingInformationXII. TableCompletionContentsReadingSkillsSkimmingSkimmingStrategiesScanningScanningStrategiesCloseReadingDealingwithnewwordsContextTopicSentencesVocabularyBuildingOnlineResourcesPracticeFillingouttheanswersheetIELTS Writing AcademyIntrodHowcanthisbookhelpyouwithyourreadiListeningandreadingareconsideredtheasy,partsoftheIELTStest,butthisdoesnotmeanthattheydonotrequirepreparation.Thisbookprovidesyouwiththemeansofpreparingfullyforthereadingtest.ItisdesignedasacompleteA-to-Zguideandshouldbereadinitsentirety.Ifyouarereadingthisbook,youalreadyhavetherequiredlevelofEnglishtodowellinbothtests.Whatyouareprobablylackingisasoundknowledgeofthestrategiesneededtogetveryhighmarks.uctionng?Thisbookwilltakeyoustep-by-stepthroughthedifferentsub-skillsthatarerequiredandthedifferentstrategiesIsuggestfordealingwithallofthedifferentquestiontypes.Thebookwillshowyou: Theformatofthetest Generaltipsandcommonmistakes Strategiesforallquestiontypes Thereadingsub-skillsthataretested Howtoimproveyourreadingskills HowtoimproveyourvocabularyTheReadingTestThreereadingtexts.Atotalofbetween2000-2700words.40questions.1hourtoanswerthem.Thetextsandquestionsgetmoredifficultasthetestprogresses.Eachreadingtextwillhave3-4differenttypesofquestion.Youhavenotimetotransferyouranswersattheend.AcademicThetextsaretakenfromjournals,magazines,books,textbooksandnewspapers.Thetextsareofanacademicnature,butyoudonotrequireaspecialistknowledgeofthesubjectstodowellinthetest.GeneralTrainingThetextsaretakenfromgeneralsources,suchasadverts,notices,governmentdocuments,manuals,leaflets,booksandmagazines.Thetextsareintendedtotestaperson'sabilitytocopewitheverydaylifeinanEnglishspeakingcountry.IELTSWritingAcademy©2016.Allrightsreserved.ReadingTipsHowtousethese.ThesetipsaresimplytogiveyouanintroductiontoIELTSreading.Theyarenotintendedtobetheonlydocumentyoulookat.ManyIELTSstudentsthinkthat/tips'aretheonlythingstheyneedtogetagoodscore.Theyarenot.Makesureyouusetheseasanintroductionandusetherestofthedocumenttoreallyprogress.©Timeisyourenemy.Useitwisely.®Beawareofwhatsubskillstheyaretestingineachquestion.©Eachdifferentquestiontyperequiresadifferentstrategy.®>budon,thavetounderstandeveryword.Acceptthatyouwo,tknoweverything.©Read,readandthenreadsomemore.Practicemakesperfect.©ReadtheinstructionsVERYcarefully.©Improveyourvocabularyandyou,llimproveyourreadingscore.0Don,twastetoomuchtimeononequestion.Ifyoudo,tknowtheanswer;moveon.Question Type # ShortAnswerQuestionsThesequestionsareoftencalled'comprehension7questionsandtheyareverycommoninEnglishclassroomsallovertheworld.Moststudentshaveansweredthesekindsofquestionsbeforeand,forthisreason,moststudentstendtodoquitewellwiththem.Herearetheskillstestedforthesetypesofquestion:©Abilitytoskimthepassagequicklyandunderstandoverallmeaning.OAbilitytoscanforspecificinformation.©Understandingthequestionbeingasked.©Thinkingofpossiblesynonymsandparaphrasesofkeywords.Commonproblems:Lackofawarenessofsynonymsandparaphrasing.Goingoverthewordlimit.Readingeverysinglewordinsteadofskimmingandscanning.Panickingwhenyouseeawordorphraseyoudon,tunderstand.TipsforshortanswerquestionsTheanswersappearinthesameorderasthetext.Lookatandunderstandthequestionsfirst,beforeyoustartreadingthetext.Whatisthequestionactuallyasking?Youwillprobablybegivenawordlimit,forexamplezNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBER/Makesureyoudon'tgooverthislimit.Theanswersdonotneedtobegrammaticallycorrect,justshortanswers.Don/tgiveyouropinion,justgivetheanswerthatisinthetext.Keywordsinthequestionwillnormallybenounsornounphrases.Whenyoufindyourkeywords,alwaysthinkaboutsynonymsandparaphrases.StrategyforShortAnswerQuestions.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandnotethewordlimit.2. Readandunderstandthequestions.Thinkabouttheinformationyouwillneedtofind.3. Underlineanykeywordsinthequestions.4. Thinkaboutsynonymsorparaphrasesforthesekeywords.5. Findthepartofthetextthequestionrelatesto.6. Readthequestionagain.7. Readthesectioncontainingtheanswercarefullyandidentifytheanswer.8. Continuewiththenextquestionandrepeatuntilfinished.Question Type # 2MultipleChoiceQuestionsOnboththeacademicandgeneralIELTSreadingpapersyouarelikelytobeaskedmultiplechoicequestions(MCQs).Youjobistosimplychoosethecorrectanswerfromalistofpossiblechoices.Herearetheskillstestedforthesetypesofquestion:©Understandingthemainideascontainedinatext.OAbiIitytoscanforspecificinformation.©Readingindetailforunderstanding.©Differentiatingbetweentwoormorepossibleanswers.Commonproblems:Readingthetextbeforelookingatthequestions.Notansweringthequestionsatall.Beingtrickedby'distractors,suchasqualifyingwords.Notreadingtlequestionsortextcarefully.Be aware of zdistractorsz.Don/t panic if you don't know anything about the topic.Try to predict the correct answer before you read the text.Carefully read all of the options before making your final decision.The answers will be in the same order as the text.TipsformultiplechoicequestionsReadthequestionsbeforeyoureadthetext.Alwayswriteananswer.Itisbettertoguessthannotansweratall.Trytonarrowthechoicesdownto2or3outofthe4possibleanswers.Thiswillincreaseyouroddsofgettingthequestioncorrect.Ifyouareunsureofthemeaning,tryrephrasingtheanswersinyourownwords.'eltsw-cademyStrategyforMultipleChoiceQuestions1. Readthequestionscarefully.2. Skimthetexttogetthegeneralmeaning.3. Underlineanykeywordsinthequestion,andthinkaboutanysynonymsthatmightappearinthetext.4. Readthechoicesandunderlineanykeywords.Thinkaboutthedifferencesinmeaningbetweenthedifferentchoices.5. Predictthecorrectanswer.6. Readthetextand,usingkeywordsandsynonyms,locatethepartcontainingtheanswers.7. Readthatpartofthetextverycarefully,thinkingaboutthedifferenceinmeanings.8. Don,tonlythinkaboutwhichoptionsarecorrect,butthinkabouthowtheotheroptionsarewrong.9. Gobackandreadthequestionagain,thenmarkyourfinalchoice.Question Type # 3SummaryCompletionYouwillbegivenasummaryofinformationfromthetextandtherewillbesomegapsinthatsummary.Youwilleitherbegivenalistofwordstofillthegapswith,oraskedtofindtheanswersinthereadingtext.Yourjobistoinsertsomeofthewordsfromthelistintothegaps,or;ifasked,tofillthegapswithwordsfromthetext.Therewillbemorewordsinthelistthanrequiredtofillthegaps.Skillstested:OScanningforthecorrectinformationinthetext.©Beingabletoidentifysynonymsandparaphrases.©Understandingthegeneralmeaningofthesummary.Commonproblems:Tryingtofullyunderstandeverypartofthetext.Notbeingawareofsynonymsandparaphrasing.Ignoringcorrectuseofgrammar.Copyingwordsfromthetextinsteadofusingsynonymsorparaphrase.TipsforsummarycompletionTrytopredicttheanswersbeforeyoulookattheoptionsorthetext.Thiswillhelpyouspotthecorrectanswer.Shouldthegapbefilledwithaverb,anoun,anadjectiveoranadverb?Ifyouranswermakesthesentencegrammaticallywrong,thenyouhavethewronganswer.Don't spend too much time looking for the answer to one question. If you can,t find it, mark what you think it might be and move on. Focusing on the easier answers is a better use of your time.If you get a list of words, think about the ones that can,t be the correct answer because of meaning or grammar. You can then eliminate these words.Lookforsynonymsandparaphrasesinthetextratherthanwordsthatmatchdirectly.StrategyforSummaryCompletion.Readthequestioncarefully.Notehowmanywordsyoucanwrite(normallyone,twoorthree),andifyoushouldgetthewordsfromthereadingtextoralist.2. Skimthesummaryandtrytounderstandtheoverallmeaning.3. Trytopredicttheanswersbeforeyoulookatthereadingtext.Also,thinkaboutthewordtype(noun,verb,adjective)thatshouldbeincluded.4. Ifyouhavealistofwords,trytoguesswhich2or3theanswermightbe.Payattentiontowordsthatcollocatewellwiththewordsinthesentence.5. Identifywhichpartofthereadingtextthesummaryrelatesto.Scanningforsynonymsfromthesummarywillhelpyoudothis.6. Lookatthatpartofthesectionmorecarefullyandchoosethecorrectanswer.Remembertobecarefulwithsynonyms.7. Checktoseeifyourwordmakesthesentencegrammaticallycorrect.Question Type # 4MatchingSentencesYouwillbegivenalistofincompletesentenceswithnoendingsandanotherlistwithpossibleendings.Yourjobistomatchtheincompletesentenceswiththecorrectendingbasedonthereadingtext.Thisisnotoneofthemorecommonquestions,butshouldbestudiedallthesame.Skillstested:Prediction.©Beingabletoidentifysynonymsandparaphrases.©Understandinghowtheideasinthesentencesareconnectedtothemainideasinthereadingtext.Commonproblems:Notreadingorfullyunderstandingthecorrectpartsoftlereadingtext.Notbeingawareofsynonymsandparaphrasing.Lookingfortheexactwordsinthereadingtext,ratlerthansynonyms.Tryingtocompletethesentencesusinglogicorgrammar,rathertlanusingthereadingtext.TipsformatchingsentencesTheanswersareinthesameorderinthetextastheyareinthequestions.Locatequestiononefirst,andthenyouknowwheretobegin.Trytopredicthoweachsentencewillendbeforeyoulookattheendings.Startwiththeincompletesentencesfirstbeforeyoulookattheendingsorthetext.Therearemoreendingsthanrequired,solookingatalloftheseindetailisawasteoftime.Spendmoretimeonthefirstquestionbecausethiswillbethemostdifficult.Thinkofsynonymsandparaphrasesthattheexaminerscouldbeusinginsteadoftheexactsamewords.Allofthesentenceendingsappearinthetext,butyoudon'tneedtoreadallofthem,justtheonesthatyoudecidetomatchwiththeincompletesentences.Whenhighlightingkeywords,itisoftenagoodideatohighlightanynames,includingplacenames,ordates.Theseareofteneasytofindinthereadingtext.Don/tjustmatchwords.Makesurethemeaninginthereadingtextmatches.StrategyforMatchingSentences.Readthequestioncarefully.2. Readtheincompletesentencesfirst,anddon,tlookattheendingsyet.Trytounderstandwhattheymeanandhighlightanykeywordsespeciallynames,placesordates.3. Predictwhattheendingsmightbebeforelookingatthem.Thinkaboutwhatwordtype(verbs,nouns,adjectives,adverbs)makesthesentencegrammaticallycorrect.4. Lookattheendingsbutnotintoomuchdetail.Trytoseeifthereareanyobviousanswers.5. Eliminateendingsthatdefinitelycannotmatch.Thinkaboutgrammar,collocationsandmeaning.6. Matchtheendingsyouthinkmightbecorrect.Writetwoorthreeoptionsifnecessary.7. Findthecorrectpartofthereadingtextforeachincompletesentence.Becarefulwithsynonymsandparaphrases.8. Understandthemeaningofthatpartofthetextandchoosethecorrectanswer.QuestionType#5SentenceCompletionYouwillbegivenanumberOfsentenceswithgapsinthem,andaskedtocompletethesentenceswithwordsfromthereadingtext.Thesequestionsareasmuchvocabularytestsastheyarereadingtests.Theyrequireyoutobeawareofparaphrasing(usingdifferentwordstorepeatasentencesothatithasthesamemeaning)andsynonyms(wordswiththesameorverysimilarmeanings).Skillstested:Understandingwhatsynonymsandparaphrasingare.BeingabletoidentifysynonymsandparaphrasesScanningforthecorrectanswer.Commonproblems:Tryingtomatchwordsinthequestionwiththeexactsamewordsinthereadingtext.Notbeingawareofsynonymsandparaphrasing.Notreadingtheinstructionsproperly.Readingthetextbeforetlequestion.TipsforsentencecompletionCheckhowmanywordsitasksyoutowrite.Ifitsays'nomorethantwo：youcanwriteoneortwowords.Ifitsays'nomorethanthree,youcanwriteone,twoorthreewords.Sometimesthequestionwillstate'usingwordsfromthetext,orzfromthetext,.Inthiscaseyoushouldonlyusewordsfromthetextandnotchangethemorusedifferentformsofthewords.Ifitdoesnotsaythis,thenyouareallowedtochangethewordsaslongasthemeaningisthesame.Whenscanningforyouranswer;makesureyouarethinkingaboutparaphrasingandsynonyms.Rememberthatyouranswershouldbegrammaticallycorrect.Readthequestionsbeforereadingthetext.Findwheretheanswerislocatedinthetextbeforeyoutrytoanswerthequestion.Remembeowherebeforewhat.Theanswersappearinthesameorderasthequestions.StrategyforSentenceCompletion.Readtheinstructionscarefully,notinghowmanywordsyoucanwrite,andiftheywantyoutoincludetheexactwordsfromthequestionornot.2. Readtheincompletesentencesfirst.Thinkaboutwhatwordformcanbeused,andtrytopredicttheanswer.Alsothinkaboutkeywordsandhowtheycouldberepresentedbysynonymsorparaphrasing.3. Locatewheretheinformationislocatedbyscanningquickly.Ifyoucan'tlocatetheanswerquickly,moveon.4. Readtheincompletesentenceagain.5. Studythereadingtextmorecarefullytoestablishtheanswer.6. Checkyourspelling.7. Repeatwiththeothersentences.Question Type # 6True/False/NotGiven'True,False,NotGiven,questionsrequireyoutoidentifyifinformationinatextistrue,nottrueornotgiven.Youwillbegivenanumberoffactualstatementsandyouhavetocheckinthetextifittheyaretrueornot.Thisisprobablythemostdifficultquestiontypeonthereadingpaper.Whatdotheymean?Ifthetextagreeswithorconfirmstheinformationinthestatement,theanswerisTRUE.Ifthetextcontradictsoristheoppositetotheinformationinthestatement,theanswerisFALSE.Ifthereisnoinformationoritisimpossibletoknow,theanswerisNOTGIVEN.IELTSWritingAcademyCommonproblems:Notunderstandingwhatotgiven,means.Spendingtoomuchtimemakingsuretlatitis'notgiven,.Afailuretounderstandexactlywhateachstatementmeans,andthereforebeingunabletoidentifyifitistrueorfalse.Focusingonkeywordsinsteadofunderstandingwhattlestatementasawholemeans.Tips forTrue/False/NGThere will be at least one of all three answers. Ifyou don't have at least one 'true： one zfalse, or one 'not given,z you have at least one answer wrong.Don/t skim and scan the text to find the final answer. You will have to read the appropriate part of the text very carefully in order to understand what the author means.Don't look for words that match those in the statements exactly. You should also look for synonyms. Remember that you are matching meaning, not words.Ignoreanythingyoualreadyknowaboutthetopicanddon'tmakeassumptions.Baseyouranswersonthetextonly.Identifyanywordsthatqualifythestatement,forexample-some,all,mainly,often,alwaysandoccasionally.Thesewordsaretheretotestifyouhavereadthewholestatementbecausetheycanchangethemeaning.Becarefulwhenyouseeverbsthatqualifystatements,suchassuggest,claim,believeandknow.MoreTipsforTrue/False/NGIfyoucan,tfindtheinformationyouarelookingfor;thenitisprobably'notgiven,.Don'twastetimelookingforsomethingthatisnotthere.Ifyouhavenoideawhattheansweris,put'notgiven*.Youprobablyhavenoideabecausetheanswerisnotthere