2024剑桥雅思讲义Table_Completion_Practice_Questions_1_.docx

j E 醐 IELTS ADVANTAGETableCompletionPracticeQuestionsCompletethetablebelow.WriteNOMORETHAN1WORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.AuthorPublicationYearPublishedorWrittenSummaryGalileoGalileiuSidereusNunciusw1.Galileoreportedwhathehadfoundbylookingintothenightskywithatelescope,whichwasthattheMoonwasinfacta2.ofitsown.FrancisGodwin,TheManintheMooneor"ADiscourseofa3.Thither4.StoryofaSpanishexplorerwhowasstrandedonanislandandfoundawaytouselocalgeesetoenableflightandavisittotheMoon.JohnWilkins"DiscoveryoftheNewWorldintheMoo11hor“ADiscourseTendingtoProvethat,tisProbableThereMayBeAnotherHabitableWorldinthat5."Aseriousconsiderationofthepossiblewaysthat6.couldbeachieved.EdgarAllenPoe"TheUnparalleled7.ofOneHansPfaalnThestoryofanunemployedworkerinRotterdamwhobuiltaballoon-supportedcarriageandfloatedtothesurfaceoftheMoon.JulesVerne,Fromthe8.totheMoon9.Tellsthestoryof3peopletakingatriptotheMoonwhichrequires10.days.IELTSADVANTAGETableCompletionPracticeQuestionsAnswerKey:1. 16102. world3. Voyage4. 16385. Planet6. spaceflight7. Adventures8. Earth9. 186510. 3/threeLinktovideotutorial:https:Share.etcloudaDP.comz8uxvZ7mTranSCriPtSource:https:WWWIwanttotellyouastoryaboutstories.AndIwanttotellyouthisstorybecauseIthinkweneedtorememberthatsometimesthestorieswetelleachotheraremorethanjusttalesorentertainmentornarratives.They'realsovehiclesforsowinginspirationandideasacrossoursocietiesandacrosstime.Thestorymabouttotellyouisabouthowoneofthemostadvancedtechnologicalachievementsofthemodernerahasitsrootsinstories,andhowsomeofthemostimportanttransformationsyettocomemightalso.Thestorybeginsover300yearsago,whenGalileoGalileifirstlearnedoftherecentDutchinventionthattooktwopiecesofshapedglassandputtheminalongtubeandtherebyextendedhumansightfartherthaneverbefore.WhenGalileoturnedhisnewtelescopetotheheavensandtotheMooninparticular,hediscoveredsomethingincredible.ThesearepagesfromGalileo'sbook"SidereusNuncius,"publishedin1610.Andinthem,herevealedtotheworldwhathehaddiscovered.AndwhathediscoveredwasthattheMoonwasnotjustacelestialobjectwanderingacrossthenightsky,butrather,itwasaworld,aworldwithhigh,sunlitmountainsanddark"mare,"theLatinwordforseas.AndoncethisnewworldandtheMoonhadbeendiscovered,peopleimmediatelybegantothinkabouthowtotravelthere.Andjustasimportantly,theybegantowritestoriesabouthowthatmighthappenandwhatthosevoyagesmightbelike.OneofthefirstpeopletodosowasactuallytheBishopofHereford,amannamedFrancisGodwin.GodwinwroteastoryaboutaSpanishexplorer,DomingoGonsales,whoendedupmaroonedontheislandofSt.HelenainthemiddleoftheAtlantic,andthere,inanefforttogethome,developedamachine,aninvention,toharnessthepowerofthelocalwildgeesetoallowhimtofly-andeventuallytoembarkonavoyagetotheMoon.Godwin'sbook,"TheManintheMoone,oraDiscourseofaVoyageThither,"wasonlypublishedposthumouslyandanonymouslyin1638,likelyonaccountofthenumberofcontroversialideasthatitcontained,includinganendorsementoftheCopernicanviewoftheuniversethatputtheSunIELTSADVANTAGETableCompletionPracticeQuestionsatthecenteroftheSolarSystem,aswellasapre-NewtonianconceptofgravitythathadtheideathattheweightofanobjectwoulddecreasewithincreasingdistancefromEarth.Andthat'stosaynothingofhisideaofagoosemachinethatcouldgototheMoon.AndwhilethisideaofavoyagetotheMoonbygoosemachinemightnotseemparticularlyinsightfulortechnicallycreativetoustoday,what,simportantisthatGodwindescribedgettingtotheMoonnotbyadreamorbymagic,asJohannesKeplerhadwrittenabout,butrather,throughhumaninvention.Anditwasthisideathatwecouldbuildmachinesthatcouldtravelintotheheavens,thatwouldplantitsseedinmindsacrossthegenerations.Theideawasnexttakenupbyhiscontemporary,JohnWilkins,thenjustayoungstudentatOxford,butlater,oneofthefoundersoftheRoyalSociety.JohnWilkinstooktheideaofspacetravelinGodwin'stextseriouslyandwrotenotjustanotherstorybutanonfictionphilosophicaltreatise,entitled,"DiscoveryoftheNewWorldintheMoon,or,aDiscourseTendingtoProvethat,tisProbableThereMayBeAnotherHabitableWorldinthatPlanet."Andnote,bytheway,thatword"habitable.,Thatideainitselfwouldhavebeenapowerfulincentiveforpeoplethinkingabouthowtobuildmachinesthatcouldgothere.Inhisbooks,Wilkinsseriouslyconsideredanumberoftechnicalmethodsforspaceflight,anditremainstothisdaytheearliestknownnonfictionaccountofhowwemighttraveltotheMoon.Otherstorieswouldsoonfollow,mostnotablybyCyranodeBergerac,withhisnLunarTales.,Bythemid-17thcentury,theideaofpeoplebuildingmachinesthatcouldtraveltotheheavenswasgrowingincomplexityandtechnicalnuance.Andyet,inthelate17thcentury,thisintellectualprogresseffectivelyceased.PeoplestilltoldstoriesaboutgettingtotheMoon,buttheyreliedontheoldideasor,onceagain,ondreamsoronmagic.Why?Well,becausethediscoveryofthelawsofgravitybyNewtonandtheinventionofthevacuumpumpbyRobertHookeandRobertBoylemeantthatpeoplenowunderstoodthataconditionofvacuumexistedbetweentheplanets,andconsequentiallybetweentheEarthandtheMoon.Andtheyhadnowayofovercomingthis,nowayofthinkingaboutovercomingthis.Andso,forwelloveracentury,theideaofavoyagetotheMoonmadeverylittleintellectualprogressuntiltheriseoftheIndustrialRevolutionandthedevelopmentofsteamenginesandboilersandmostimportantly,pressurevessels.Andthesegavepeoplethetoolstothinkabouthowtheycouldbuildacapsulethatcouldresistthevacuumofspace.So,itwasinthiscontext,in1835,thatthenextgreatstoryofspaceflightwaswritten,byEdgarAIIanPoe.Now,todaywethinkofPoeintermsofgothicpoemsandtelltaleheartsandravens.Butheconsideredhimselfatechnicalthinker.HegrewupinBaltimore,thefirstAmericancitywithgasstreetlighting,andhewasfascinatedbythetechnologicalrevolutionthathesawgoingonallaroundhim.Heconsideredhisowngreatestworknottobeoneofhisgothictalesbutratherhisepicprosepoem"Eureka,1'inwhichheexpoundedhisownpersonalviewoftheCosmographicalnatureoftheuniverse.Inhisstories,hewoulddescribeinfantasticaltechnicaldetailmachinesandcontraptions,andnowherewashemoreinfluentialinthisthaninhisshortstory,"TheUnparalleledAdventuresofOneHansPfaall."It'sastoryofanunemployedbellowsmakerinRotterdam,who,depressedandtiredoflife-thisisPoe,afterall-anddeeplyindebt,hedecidestobuildahermeticallyenclosedballoon-bornecarriagethatislaunchedintotheairbydynamiteandfromthere,floatsthroughthevacuumofspaceallthewaytothelunarsurface.Andimportantly,hedidnotIELTSADVANTAGETableCompletionPracticeQuestionsdevelopthisstoryalone,forintheappendixtohistale,heexplicitlyacknowledgedGodwin's"AManintheMoone"fromover200yearsearlierasaninfluence,callingit,'asingularandsomewhatingeniouslittlebook."Andalthoughthisideaofaballoon-bornevoyagetotheMoonmayseemnotmuchmoretechnicallysophisticatedthanthegoosemachine,infact,Poewassufficientlydetailedinthedescriptionoftheconstructionofthedeviceandintermsoftheorbitaldynamicsofthevoyagethatitcouldbediagrammedintheveryfirstspaceflightencyclopediaasamissioninthe1920s.Anditwasthisattentiontodetail,orto"verisimilitude,"ashecalledit,thatwouldinfluencethenextgreatstory:JulesVerne's"FromtheEarthtotheMoon,"writtenin1865.Andit'sastorythathasaremarkablelegacyandaremarkablesimilaritytotherealvoyagestotheMoonthatwouldtakeplaceoverahundredyearslater.Becauseinthestory,thefirstvoyagetotheMoontakesplacefromFlorida,withthreepeopleonboard,inatripthattakesthreedays-exactlytheparametersthatwouldprevailduringtheApolloprogramitself.AndinanexplicittributetoPoe'sinfluenceonhim,VernesituatedthegroupresponsibleforthisfeatinthebookinBaltimore,attheBaltimoreGunClub,withitsmembersshouting,nCheersforEdgarPoe!"astheybegantolayouttheirplansfortheirconquestoftheMoon.AndjustasVernewasinfluencedbyPoe,so,too,wouldVerne'sownstorygoontoinfluenceandinspirethefirstgenerationofrocketscientists.ThetwogreatpioneersofliquidfuelrocketryinRussiaandinGermany,KonstantinTsiolkovskyandHermannOberth,bothtracedtheirowncommitmenttothefieldofspaceflighttotheirreading"FromtheEarthtotheMoon"asteenagers,andthensubsequentlycommittingthemselvestotryingtomakethatstoryareality.