语法专题 ：名词性从句.docx

语法专题：名词性从句L重点难点解析名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点也是热点。名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句（见下表1主语从句做主语，用that,whether,what（=thethingthat）等连接词（原疑问词）引导宾语从句做宾语，用that（可省略），if,whether（ornot）,what（=thethingwhich）等连接词（原疑问词）引导表语从句用that（一般不省略），whether,what（=thethingwhich）等连接词（原疑问词）引导同位语从句用that（常用在news,thought,idea等词后）,whether等连接词（原疑问词）引导一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。如：Whowillgoisnotimportant.Itdoesnxtmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.LIt作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词thato被强调部分指人是也可用whowhomo例如：Itisapitythatyoudidn,tgotoseethefilm.（主语从句）Itdoesn'tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.（主语从句）Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.（强调句）ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.（强调句）2.用it作形式主语的结构：句型例子1Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat.事实是/Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识2Itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat.很自然/Itisstrangethat.奇怪的是3Itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat似乎.Ithappenedthat.碰巧Itappearsthat.似乎4It+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat.据报道./Ithasbeenprovedthat.已证实.Itissaidthat.据说3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:情况说明例句1if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。Ifhewillcomeornotisunknown（误）.Whetherhewillcomeornotisunknown（正）2Itissaid/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前ItissaidthatJiangwillVisitourschool.（正）JiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekisSaid.（误）3Ithappens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.（正）Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.（误）4Itdoesn,tmatterhow/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提前Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot（正）Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn'tmatter.（误）5含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(正)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(误)二.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。情况说明例句1作动词的宾语由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）Iheard(that)hejoinedthearmy.由whatzwhether(if),when,where等引导的宾语从句Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.动词+间接宾语+宾语从句Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2作介词的宾语Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother3作形容词的宾语Iamafraid(that)vemadeamistake.4it可以作为形式宾语Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.5否定的转移（若主句谓语动词为think,consider;suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式）Idon,tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankfulzashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是"主语+连系动词+表语从句"。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,Seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有thereasonisthat.和Itisbecause等结构。例如：1) Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2) Thisiswhywecan,tgetthesupportofthepeople.3) Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4) Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。情况说明例句1同位语从句的功能（一般由that引导）对于名词进一步解释，Theking,sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.说明名词的具体内容，Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2同位语从句在句子中的有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，被别的词隔开HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.五.whether,if引导名词性从句的区别：情况说明例句1在句首引导主语从句时，只能用whetherWhetherwewillgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.2if不能引导表语从句Whatthedoctorreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.3if不能引导介词后的宾语从句Everythingdependsonwhetherwecanmakeaplanthattheywillagreeto.4如果宾语从句是否定句只能用ifIaskedPaveifhehadn,tdecidedwhathewouldsayatthemeeting.5discuss后的宾语从句只能用whether引导Wediscussedwhetherthemedicinewillcausesideeffect.注意：doubt作"怀疑"解，后接宾语从句时,如主句是肯定的，宾语从句用whether或if引导；如主句是否定，宾语从句只能用that引导。(1) Idoubtwhether/ifheisfitforthejob.(2) Idon,tdoubtthathecandoitverywell.11.实战演练用适当的连词填空：1.1can'tdecidedictionaryIshouldbuy.2.Thatsherefusedmyinvitation.1.1 amveryinterestedinhehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.4. weneedismoretime.5. Thefactshehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.6. andtheywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.7. Pleasetellmeyouarewaitingfor.8. Isthatyouarelookingfor?9. Wouldyoupleasetellmethenearestpostofficeis?1.1 1don,tknowhewillagreetotheplanornot.1.15 sdonecannotbeundone.12 .Takecareyoudon,tmakemistakesinthecomingexam.13 .Tohissurprise,theumbrellawasnothehadput.14 .wecan,tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.15 .we,Ilgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.16 .theyaremostinterestedinistheycanproducemoreandbettercars.1.1 ltdoesn,tmatterIrestornot.1.2 Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater1.3 1thinkitisyou,reeatingtoomuch.20 .CanyoumakesureAlicehasputthegoldnecklace?21 .Doyourememberhecame?Yes,Ido.Hecamebytrain.22 .Motheraskedmewaswrongwithme.23 theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.24 .hesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.25 .Thatishefailedtoarriveontime.答案:1.which;2.why;3.how;4.What;5.that;6.when,where;7.who(m);8.what;9.where;10.whether/ifll.What12.that13.where14.what;what15.Whether16.What;how17.whether18.Whatever19.because20.where21.how22.what23.That24.What25.why