初三Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected.知识点详解.docx

Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected.SectionA1(la2d)重点短语bythetime在以前givealift捎一程inlinewith(与)成一排showup出现，露面bytheendof到末为止AprilFool,SDay愚人节costumeparty化装舞会sellout卖光getdressed穿好衣服playtricksonsb.playjokesonsb.和某人开玩笑loseweight减肥endupdoing以做而告终invitesbontotheshow邀请某人上节目haveahappyending有一个快乐的结局ratherthan/insteadof而不是ontheradioprogram在广播节目中ontheearth在地球上，在世界上thousandsof成千上万的runoutof用光runawayfrom从逃跑重点句子：Lifeisfulloftheunexpected.IwasabouttogoupwhenIdecidedtogetacoffeefirst.AsIwaswaitinginlinewithotherofficeworkers,Iheardaloudsound.BeforeIcoldjointheothersoutsidetoseewhatwasgoingon,thefirstplanehadalreadyhitmyofficebuilding.知识点详解：1. Lifeisfulloftheunexpected.unexpectedadj,出乎意料的；始料不及的e.g.ItwillnotbeunexpectedifTomcomeslateagain,becauseheisalwayslikethis.如果汤姆又迟到了，一点也不意外，因为他一向如此。2. BythetimeIgotup,mybrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower,bythetime在以前,常引导表示过去的时间状语从句，主句常用过去完成时，即had+动词过去分词e.g.BythetimeIgotthere,hehadalreadyleft.在我到那儿之前，他已经离开了。3. SoIjustquicklyputonsomeclothesandrushedoutthedoor.rushout冲出去，冲出e.g.Henryrushedouttheroomanddisappearedintherain.亨利冲出房间，消失在了雨中。Juliarushedoutanddidn,treturn.朱丽叶冲了出去，再没回来。4. Luckily,Carl,Sdadsawmeonthestreetandgavemealiftinhiscar.gavealift捎一程，让搭便车e.g.Couldyougivemealift,please?请问你能否捎我一程？Jimgavemealiftonmywayhomeyesterday.吉姆昨天在回家的路上捎了我一程。SectionA2(3a-3c)5. IwasabouttogoupwhenIdecidedtogetacoffeefirst.beaboutto忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与When引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。e.g.Oneofmyfriendsisabouttohavehersecondbaby.我的一个朋友马上就要生第二个小孩了。6. Iwenttomyfavoritecoffeeplaceeventhoughitwastwoblockseastfrommyoffice.eventhough即使，虽然，尽管，用于引导让步状语从句。blockn.街区e.g.He,sthebestteacher,eventhoughhehastheleastexperience.他虽然经验最少，却是最好的老师。7. Westaredindisbeliefattheblacksmokerisingabovetheburningbuilding.starev.盯着看，凝视表示看得比较仔细，有时候也带有吃惊的意味去看，常与at,into连用。e.g.Don,tstareatmelikethat.别那样盯着我看。indisbelief不相信，疑惑，怀疑e.g.Tamarastaredathimindisbelief,shakingherhead.塔玛拉一边狐疑地盯着他看，一边摇着头。Shelookedathimindisbelief,她全然不信地看着他。aboveprep.1）（表示位置）在正上方；高于"（与below相对）。e.g.Thatbighigh-riseaboveusiswhereBrianlives.我们上面的那座摩天大楼就是布赖恩住的地方。Heliftedhishandsabovehishead.他将双手举过头顶。2）表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面“超过”、“在之上”、“比强”。e.g.Heisabovetheothersinability,他的能力优于其他人。Heisabovemeineveryway,他各个方面都比我强。3)adv.在上面e.g.Therearesnowypeaksabove.上面是白雪皑皑的群峰。Seetheexamplesgivenabove,见上述例子。burnv,着火，燃烧(burnt,burnt/burned,burned)burningadj.着火的；燃烧的e.g.Ouch!Thesandissohot!Icanburnmyfeet.哎哟！沙子这么烫！会烫伤脚的。Hewastrappedinaburninghouse.他被困在正在燃烧的房屋里。8. Ifeltluckytobealive.alive一般作表语；也可以作后置定语或宾补。”活（着）的；在世的；（继续）存在的"；反义词是dead。e.g.Doyouknowshe,salive?你知道她还活着吗？Peoplealiveshouldtrytheirbesttolivebetter.（后置定语）活下来的人应该尽力生活得更好。Tomwaskeptaliveinthebigfire.（宾补）汤姆在这次大火中活下来了。易混辨析alive,living,livelyalive“活着的”，在句中常作表语或定语。作表语时，常可与IiVing互换；作定语时，常要放在被修饰词之后。IiVing“活着的”，在句中用作表语或定语。lively“活泼的”，在句中可作表语或定语。9. ButbythetimeIgottotheairport,myplanetoNewZealandhadalreadytakenoff.airportn.机场takeoff脱掉；起飞e.g.Hetookoffhishatandbowedashepassed.他经过时脱帽鞠躬。Weeventuallytookoffat11o,clockandarrivedinVeniceat1:30.我们终于在11点起飞，1:30到达威尼斯。课堂练习：1 .我在动物园里见过活鳄鱼。Ihaveseenacrocodileinthezoo.2 .他是那场火灾中唯一活下来的人。Heistheonlypersoninthefire.3 .露西是个活泼的孩子，大家都喜欢她。Lucyisachildandeveryonelikesher.4 .Theboy（正要开始）butsomeonespokefirst.5 .Hurryup.Thetrain（马上就要开了）.Keys:living,alive,lively,wasjustabouttobegin,isabouttostart单元语法：掌握过去完成时时态，结构及用法。2.过去完成时用法：(1)构成：由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数)+过去分词”构成否定式：hadnot+过去分词缩写形式：hadn,t(2)用法：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。(3)它所表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by,before等构成的短语来表示。也可以用When,before等引导的时间状语从句来表示。还可以通过状语从句或通过上下文暗示。例如：WhenIgotthere,youhadalreadyeatenyourmeal.当我到达那里时，你已经开始吃了。Bythetimehegothere,thebushadleft.在他到达那里之前，汽车已经离开了。新目标英语九年级Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected知识点讲与练过去完成时1 .概念：过去发生或己经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去己经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2 .时间状语：recently,lately,since.for.,inthepastfewyears,etc.3 .基本结构：have/has+done4 .否定形式：have/has+not+done.5 .一般疑问句：have或has提前概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即”过去的过去(past-in-the-past)"那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由"助动词had+过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10：00thismorning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1 .由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：(1)by+过去的时间点。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+过去的时间点。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2 .由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：(1)宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.(2)状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身己表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.（3）表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示”原本，未能,，Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.3 .根据上、下文来判定。1metWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1 .过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在”过去的过去”。如：WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.我醒来时，雨己经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）2 .过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.（hadwritten发生在told之前）3 .过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already,yet,still>just,before,never等时间副词及by,before,until等引导的短语或从句连用。如：BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.4 .过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.（hadworked己有了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能）四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有美,其结构为“助动词have（has）+过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调”过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：1havelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我己经学会了1000个英语单词。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我己经学会了1000个英语单词。- msorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。- Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（”等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）- Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.约翰昨天回到家的。- Wherehadhebeen?他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returnedhome之前去了哪些地方，即”过去的过去”）五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1 .时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调"过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.2 .在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如I：Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncompetition.3 .当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before,after,assoonas引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身己经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper4 (had)calledherbeforeIlefttheoffice.过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词是want,think,hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose等：Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.我本想来，但有事就没有来。Ihadintendedtospeak,buttimedidnotpermit.我本想发言，但时间不允许。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcometoseeus,butyoudidn,t.我们本想伪K来看我们的，但伪K没有来。过去完成时练习题1 .单项选择1. Heaskedmeduringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehad1gone2. WhatJanebythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.1 900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasIen。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4. Shelivedhereforyears.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5. Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,Ithedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6. ShesaidshetheprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7. Shesaidherfamilythemselvesthearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8. Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he.A. hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB. hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity9. Shehadwrittenanumberofbookstheendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at10. Hetoplaybeforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.11. WhatAnniebythetimehewasten?A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone12. .HeinthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork13. Bytheendoflastweek,theythebridge.A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcomplete14. Benhatesplayingviolin,buthelikesplayingA.a.theB.the.theC./.the15. Bythetimehewas4,healotofGermanwords.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learned16. .Jimturnedoffthelightsandthentheclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleft17. TheyinGuangzhousince2000.A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelived18. ThetrainfromBeijingtenminutesago.A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadcompleted_football.D.the./D.learnsD.leftD.werelivingD.hadarrived19.Thestudentstheirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleaned20. Fergietheprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishes21. Themanhiscoatandwentout.A.putonB.hadputonC.willputon22. Mymotherinthatfactoryattheageof18.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.workedD.havebeencleanedD.hasfinishedD.wasputtingonD.works23.DadwhileheTV.A.fellasleep.watchB.wasfallingasleep.watchedC.fellasleepwaswatchingD.hadfallenasleep.watched2.用动词的适当形式填空1. We(paint)thehousebeforewe(move)in.2. Thatricholdman(make)awillbeforehe(die).3. They(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey(leave).4. Therobbers(runaway)beforethepolicemen(arrive).1 .1(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI(go)tobed.6 .Paul(go)outwithJaneafterhe(make)aphonecall.7 .Tom(say)he(read)thebooktwice.8 .Ourplan(fail)becausewe(make)abadmistake.9 .Whenthechairman(finish)speaking,he(leave)thehall.10 .TheReads_(have)lunchwhenI(get)totheirhouse.11 .WhenI(arrive)atthestation,he(leave).12 .We(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.1.1 1waiteduntilhe(finish)hishomework.1.2 Weweresurprisedatwhatshealready(do)1.5 She(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe(go)therebefore.16. He(nottell)youthenewsyet.17. Hesaidhealready(give)thebooktotheteacher.18.1(be)toShanghaibefore.19.Shetoldmeshe(be)toSanyathreetimes.20.She(play)theguitarwhilehersister(sing).本单元重点知识讲解1. Bythetime1gotoutside,thebushandalreadyleft.介词by的主要用法a.通过某种抽象的方式和手段HemakesalivingbyWriting.(思考：与with的区别)b.由，被表被动ThatmoviewasdirectedbyZhangYimou.c.乘坐某种交通工具Heoftengoestoschoolbybus.(思考：与in,on的区别)d.靠近(表位置)Theylivebyaroad.e.将近，临近(表时间相当于：noMaterthan,before)Youmustbehomeby11:00p.m.Bythetimewewokeup,mumhadalreadycookedforus.(by和表过去的时间连用时，动词一般用过去完成时)。Practice1. Hewenttoschoolhisfather'scarthismorning.A.inB.onC.withD.by2. Bythetimeoflastterm,weover2000Englishwords.A.havelearnedB.hadlearnedC.werelearningD.learned3. Theyarewalkingtheriver.A.acrossB.inC.onD.by4. Youcancutthebananaintopiecesthisknife.A.withB.inC.onD.by2. LeaVe的主要意思，用法如下：a.离开(v.)Ileavesmyhomeforworkat7:30.b. 留给(v.)Youcanleaveyourpetdogwithyourparents,theycanlookafterit.c. 遗留(v.)Hisfatherlefthimnothingwhenhedied.d.遗忘(v.)常用搭配为leavesth+地点：Helefthiskeyathome.e.假期(n.)Sheaskedforaday,sleaveyesterday.Practice5. OnMondaymorning,Johngotuplate.Sobythetimehegottothebusstop,thebusA.leftB.leavedC.hadleavedD.hadleft6. Don,tforgetittoschooltomorrow,please.A.forget;totakeB.left;tobringC.forgottobringD.left;totaken3. Allofthespaghettiacrossthecountryhadbeensoldout.V+out短语总结：GiVeOUI分发；发放 run out Of用光；耗尽 look out 当心hand out分发；发放 go out出去；熄灭 take out 拿出work out得出（结果；总数等） find out查明；弄清4. Lifeisfulloftheunexpected.The+adj.用法小结：a. The+adj.表示某一类型的人。TheriCh富人thepoor穷人theblind盲人thesick病人theold老人Hesetupaschoolforthedeafandthedumb.他创建了一所聋哑学校。b. The+分词形容词表示某一类型的人TheWOUnded伤员thekilled被杀者c. The+国籍形容词表示全体国民theEnglish英国人PraCtiCe1. Inthenovel,theherostolefromtogivetoA.arich;apoorB.rich;poorC.therich;thepoorD.riches;poors2. Thoseofuswhoaresighteddon,tunderstand（盲人的问题）。5. Myalarmclockdidn'tgooff!这句话中的gooff是什么意思？Bobwentoffalone.这句话中的gooff是什么意思？Meatgoesoffquicklyinhotweather.这句话中的gooff是什么意思？请总结以下短语的中文意思：GoagainstgoaheadgoawaygodownGobadgooutgobackgothroughGoovergowellgoalonggoaftergoallout6. Iwasabouttogoupwhen1decidedtogetacoffeefirst注意：beabouttodo的后面不能接具体的时间做状语，但能接when引导的时间状语从句作状语。PracticeMyfatherturnontheTVwhenthepowerwasoff.A.wasgoingtoB.wasabouttoC.willD.wasto本单元课堂小练一. 单项选择1. theplane,thedoctorshadalreadybeenthere.A.Onthetime;landsB.Inthetime;landingC.Attimes;hadlandedD.Bythetime;landed2. Thestreetlightscomeonatduskandatdawn.A.godownB.goupC.gooffD.goout3. Theboysatonthecurbandwatchedthecars.A.gobyB.gooffC.godownD.goon4. Youshouldkeepthewindowbecausetheroomistoohot.A.openB.openingC.opened5. Theboatstakedifferentroutes,buttheyallinthesameplace.A.giveupB.clearupC.endupD.makeup6. It,simpolitetoinline,weshouldinline.A,cut;waitB.keep;keepC.wait;keep7. Weallknowthesunintheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.rising8. Thewaitercameuptousandsaid,ttYouarewelcome.”A.smilingB.smiledC.smileD.tosmile9. Ifyouwanttomakeyourdreamreality,youshouldworkevenharder.A.turnupB.turnintoC.turnonD.turnto10. Shehadtohershareofthecompany.A.selloutB.bringoutC.takeoutD.makeout11. Ileftmykeysintheroomyesterday,Ihadtogetinthewindow.A.inB.throughC.overD.to12. Sheatowelonthesandandlayonit.A.spreadB.teachC.combineD.start二. 完形填空AlittleboynamedHarrybecameveryill.Hehadtolieinbedallday,unabletomove.Hespenthisdaysfeeling36andblue.Therewasn,tmuchhecoulddoexceptlookoutofthe37.Timepassed,andhisillnessfrustratedhim.Untilonedayhesawastrange38_inthewindow.Itwasapenguineatingasausagesandwich.Thepenguingotin39theopenwindow,andsaid“goodafternoon,toHarry,turnedaround,and40_quickly.Ofcourse,Harrywasvery4£Hewasstilltryingtoworkoutwhathadhappened.Outsidehiswindowhesawamonkeybusyblowingupaballoon.AtfirstHarryaskedhimself42thatcouldpossiblebe,butafterawhile,asmoreandmorecrazy-looking43_appearedoutsidethewindowhecouldn'thelp44andfoundithardtostop.Anelephantjumpedonastone,oradogworeapairofglassesandactedina45way.Thelittleboydidn'ttellanyoneaboutthis.Thosestrangecharactersendedupputtingjoybackinhisheart,andinhisbody.Beforelong,hishealthhad46somuchthathewasabletogobacktoschoolagain.Therehetoldhisclassmatesallthathehad47.Whilehewastalkingtohisbestfriend,hesaw48comingoutofhisfriend'sschoolbag.Harryaskedhisfriendwhatitwas,andhewasSoinSiSted（坚持）that49_hisfriendhadtoshowhimwhatwasinthebag.There,inside,wereallthethingsthathisbestfriendhadbeenusingtotryto50thelittleboy.Andfromthatdayon,Harryalwaysdidhisbesttomakesurethatnoonefeltsadandalone.36. A.happyB.sadC.excitedD.cool37. A.roofB.holeC.windowD.wall38. A.photoB.paintingC.signD.shape39. A.aboveB.belowC.overD.through40. A.leftB