unepfi-绿化中小企业：改善毛里求斯中小企业获得绿色融资的机会（英）-2021.11-81正式版.docx

/启IADA<*EAJ11NERSHIPFORACTIONlIMvJCONGmENeCONOMYuntarUN®nv”OrmWntProQrammeDHSlBUNenvironmentprogrammeunitarAboutPAGEMauritiusThePartnershipforActiononGreenEconomy(PAGE)seekstoputsustainabilityattheheartofeconomicpoliciesandpractices;andsupportsnationsandregionsinreframingeconomicpoliciesandpracticesaroundsustainabilitytofostereconomicgrowth,createincomeandjobs,reducepovertyandinequality,andstrengthentheecologicalfoundationsoftheireconomies.ComplementarytoUNEPFl,PAGEisajointprogrammewhichbringstogetherfiveUNagenciesUNEnvironmentProgramme,InternationalLabourOrganization,UNDevelopmentProgramme,UNIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization,andUNInstituteforTrainingandResearch,toofferintegratedandholisticsupporttocountriesoninclusivegreeneconomy,ensuringcoherenceandavoidingduplication.PAGErepresentsamechanismtocoordinateUNactiononthegreeneconomyandtoassistcountriesinachievingandmonitoringtheemergingSDGs.MauritiusofficiallybecameaPAGEpartnercountryinmid-2014andsincethen,PAGE,sworkhassupportednationalobjectivesaselaboratedinavarietyofstrategicplansandgovernmentprogrammes,suchastheMauritiusNationalVision,theThree-YearStrategicPlan:RisingtothechallengesofOurAmbitions(2017/18-2019/20)iW-YearMasterplanfortheSMESectorinMauritius,and"AchievingMeaningfulChangen(2016-2020).Throughoutthisprocess,PAGEhasworkedwiththeMauritiangovernmentaswellastheprivatesectorandcivilsocietyactorsonaseriesoftechnicalsupportprogramsandvariousgreeneconomyassessments.Itseekstopromoteinnovation,increaseefficiencyofpublicinstitutionsanddevelopskillsinthelaborforcetowardstheadvancementofsharedandenvironmentallysustainablegrowthinMauritius.PAGEactivitiesinMauritiusarecontributingtotheachievementof:SDG1(Nopoverty);SDG4(QualityEducation);SDG8(Decentworkandeconomicgrowth);SDG9(Industry,InnovationandInfrastructure);SDG12(ResponsibleConsumptionandProduction);SDG13(ClimateAction)andSDG17(PartnershipsfortheGoals).AboutUNEPFlTheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeFinanceInitiative(UNEPFl)isapartnershipbetweenUNEPandtheglobalfinancialsectortomobilizetheprivatesectorforsustainabledevelopment.Itworkswithmorethan300membersi.e.banks,insurers,andinvestors;andover100supportinginstitutions,tohelpcreateafinancialsectorthatservespeopleandtheplanetwhiledeliveringpositiveimpacts.Theaimistoinspire,informandenablefinancialinstitutionstoimprovepeople,squalityoflifewithoutcompromisingthatoffuturegenerations.ByleveragingtheUN'srole,UNEPFlacceleratessustain-ablefinancingbysupportingglobalfinancesectorprinciplestocatalyzeintegrationofsustainabilityintofinancialmarketpractice,withtheaimofcreatingthemosteffectivenetworkforsharingknowledgeandbestpractice;andtoamplifythecollectivevoiceofthefinancesectorinpolicydebate,engagingpolicymakers,regulatorsandsupervisorsontheroleofthefinancialsectorincontributingtosustainabledevelopment.DisclaimerTheinformationcontainedinthereportismeantforinformationalpurposesonlyandissubjecttochangewithoutnotice.Thecontentofthereportisprovidedwiththeunderstandingthattheauthorsandpublishersarenothereinengagedtorenderadviceonlegal,economic,orotherprofessionalissuesandservices.Subsequently,UNEPFlisalsonotresponsibleforthecontentofwebsitesandinformationresourcesthatmaybereferencedinthereport.TheaccessprovidedtothesesitesdoesnotconstituteanendorsementbyUNEPFlofthesponsorsofthesitesortheinformationcontainedtherein.Unlessexpresslystatedotherwise,theopinions,findings,interpretationsandconclusionsexpressedinthereportarethoseofthevariouscontributorstothereportanddonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsofUNEPFlorthememberinstitutionsoftheUNEPFlpartnership,UNEP,theUnitedNationsoritsMemberStates.Whilewehavemadeeveryattempttoensurethattheinformationcontainedinthereporthasbeenobtainedfromreliableandup-to-datesources,thechangingnatureofstatis-tics,laws,rulesandregulationsmayresultindelays,omissionsorinaccuraciesininfor-mationcontainedinthisreport.Assuch,UNEPFlmakesnorepresentationsastotheaccuracyoranyotheraspectofinformationcontainedinthisreport.UNEPFlisnotresponsibleforanyerrorsoromissions,orforanydecisionmadeoractiontakenbasedoninformationcontainedinthisreportorforanyconsequential,specialorsimilardamages,evenifadvisedofthepossibilityofsuchdamages.Allinformationinthisreportisprovidedtasis,withnoguaranteeofcompleteness,accu-racy,timelinessoroftheresultsobtainedfromtheuseofthisinformation,andwithoutwarrantyofanykind,expressedorimplied,including,butnotlimitedtowarrantiesofperformance,merchantabilityandfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Theinformationandopinionscontainedinthereportareprovidedwithoutanywarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.ThispublicationhasbeenproducedwiththesupportofPAGEfundingpartners.ThecontentsofthispublicationarethesoleresponsibilityofPAGEandcaninnowaybetakentoreflecttheviewsofanyGovernment.Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopin-ionwhatsoeveronthepartofthePAGEpartnersconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningdelimitationofitsfron-tiersorboundaries.Moreover,theviewsexpresseddonotnecessarilyrepresentthedecisionorthestatedpolicyofthePAGEpartners,nordoescitingoftradenamesorcommercialprocessesconstituteendorsement.RightsandPermissionsCopyright©UNEnvironmentProgramme,2021,onbehalfofPAGEThereportispublishedaspartofthePartnershipforActiononGreenEconomy(PAGE)aninitiativebytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),theInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)5theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP),theUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization(UNIDO)andtheUnitedNationsInstituteforTrainingandResearch(UNITAR).Thispublicationmaybereproducedinwholeorinpartandinanyformforeducationalornon-profitpurposeswithoutspecialpermissionfromthecopyrightholder,providedacknowledgementofthesourceismade.ThePAGESecretariatwouldappreciatereceiv-ingacopyofanypublicationthatusesthispublicationasasource.NouseofthispublicationmaybemadeforresaleorforanyothercommercialpurposewhatsoeverwithoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromthePAGESecretariat.AcknowledgementsThisstudywasproducedbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeFinancelnitia-tiveunderleadershipofthePartnershipforActiononGreenEconomy(PAGE).ThestudywaspreparedbyateamledbyReubenWambui(AfricaRegionalCoordinator,UNEPFl)andsupportedbyMercyOkoth(Consultant,UNEPFl)andDianaAdhiambo.TheteamreceivedoverallsupportandguidancefromLieselVanAst(MembershipandRegionalCo-ordinationManager,UNEPFl),JoyaBhandari(UNPAGEMauritiusNationalCoordinator),BeibeiGu(UNPAGEMauritiusFocalPoint)andAdebiyiOdegbile.WearegratefultoRobertWilsonfordesignandlayoutofthereport.CloseconsultationwithSMEs,keypolicymakersandgovernmentofficials,andotherstakeholdersinMauritiuswasinstrumentalintheproductionofthisreportandtheirinputsaregratefullyacknowledged.Viewswerealsosolicitedfromarangeofthematicexpertstowhomtheteamisthankful.Theviewsexpressedinthisreportdonotconsti-tuteanendorsementbyanyoftheabove-mentionedstakeholders.PAGEgratefullyacknowledgesthesupportofallitsfundingpartners:EuropeanUnion,Finland,Germany,Norway,RepublicofKorea,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedArabEmirates.CitationPAGE(2021),GreeningtheSMEs:ImprovingSMEAccesstoGreenFinanceinMauritius.ForewordBeingasmallislanddevelopingstate,Mauritiusisfacingadverseeffectsofclimatechangeresultinginconsiderableeconomicloss,humanitarianstressesandenvironmentaldegradation.Againstabackdropofaglobalpandemic,Mauritius*recoveryactionstowardsclimatechangeresilienceandsustainabledevelopmentarewellencapsulatedinthephrase“ThinkGlobal,ActLoca,.Mauritiusdevelopmentisheavilyboundtotheglobaleconomy,whichsawthecountry,seconomysufferadverseeffectstoitstourism,energyandfoodindustriesfollowingglobalclosureofbordersduetotheCOVID-19pandemic.Goingforward,buildingagreeneconomywillrequirerethinkingofthecountry'seconomicmodeltodevelopsustainableandproductivelocalcapabilitieswithaspecialfocusonsmallandmediumenterprises(SMEs).SMEsplayakeyroleinoveralleconomicdevelopmentbutalsosignificantlycontributetooverallindustrialpollution,thusneedtobeprioritizedinthetransitiontoagreeneconomy.AccesstofinanceremainsasignificantbarriertogreeningofSMEs.Integratingenvironmentalcrite-riaintoSMEfinancingiskeytocreatingsustainabledevelopmentoutcomes.Thisreportmakesatimelycontributionbyassessingaccessto,anduseof,greenfinancebySMEsinMauritiusandbyextensiontheintegrationofsustainabilityintheirbusinessoperations.ItalsodiscussespolicyoptionsasMauritiuscontinuestomovetowardsagreeneconomy.Thereporthasthreekeymessages.First,Mauritianauthoritieshavemadecommend-ablepolicyeffortstowardsincentivizingbusinessestoengageinsustainablepractices,asseeninthe2020-2021NationalBudgetandthe10-yearSMEMasterPlan.However,publicfinancingalonecannotfullyfundSMEadoptionofgreenpractices.Thus,thereportalsohighlightsinnovativeSMEgreenfinancingschemesfromcommerciallenderstowardsadvanc-ingenvironmentalsustainability.Second,SMEsfaceknowledge,financial,policyandsizebarriersinhibitingthemfromaccessinggreenfinance.Thesebarriershighlightareasofopportu-nityforpolicyinterventiontosupportSMEstoadoptandfinanceappropriategreentechnologiesandinnovations.Thereisstillaneedtoexpandstructures,strategies,initiativesandpoliciesthatarespecifictogreenfinanceforSMEs.Further,awarenessneedstobecreatedonavailablesupportandinitiatives,toallowSMEstotakefulladvantageofthem.Asaresult,moreSMEswillgainmotivationtoincorporategreenprojectswithintheiroperationsandinturnacquiregreenfinancing.Third,followingincreasingunemploymentandincomelossesprecipitatedbytheCOVIDpandemic,supportmeasuresareneededtoprotectsmall-scaleenterprisesandpreventthemfromrevertingtonegativecopingstrategiesundoingthecommendableprog-ressmadesofartowardsgreenerandmoreinclusivedevelopment.TowardsnationaleconomicrecoveryfromCOVID-19impacts,thegovernmentofMauritiushaslaunchedaGreenRecoveryProject,withthetech-nicalassistanceofthePartnershipforActionontheGreenEconomy(PAGE)andfundingfromtheGermangovernment.Theseactivitiesareaimedatcreatinganenablingbusinessenvironmentanddevelopingincen-tivestopromoteasustainableagro-foodindustryandtheexpansionofSMEsinthesector.Eric UsherUNEP Fl HeadTableofContentsForeword5ListofAcronyms9A. ExecutiveSummary11B. Introductionandbackground141. StudyContext142. StudyObjectives153. StudyApproachandMethodology15C. LandscapeofSMEsinMauritius161. SMEsinMauritius162. EconomiccontributionandsignificanceofSMEs16D. PolicyandRegulatoryFrameworkforSMEs181. The10-yearmasterplanfortheSMEsector182. Nationalbudget20E. StateofSustainabilityforSMEsinMauritius221. SustainabilityinMauritius222. GreenProjectsforSMEsinMauritius24F. GreenFinanceOptionsinMauritius251. GreenFinancinginMauritius252. StatusofGreenfinanceoptions26G. GreenFinanceInstitutionsandInitiatives281. CommercialBanks282. DevelopmentBanks303. MultilateralInstitutions304. OtherInstitutionsandInitiatives33H. StudyFindings371. GreenFinanceBarriersforSMEs372. GreenFinanceCaseStudies403. TheLandscapeandOpportunityforGreenFinance434. PracticesonGreenFinance:Lessonsfromelsewhere44I. RoadmapandactionstoscaleupgreenfinanceforSMEs531. PotentialSolutionstoIdentifiedBarriers532. Furtherrecommendations563. QuickwinsandNextSteps57J. GreenRecoveryinMauritius-uBuiIdingBackGreen',591. TheCOVID-19Pandemic592. COVID-19inMauritius593. COVID-19RecoveryPlans614. GreenBusinessOpportunitiesinMauritius635. Recycling64K. Conclusion68L. RecommendationforFurtherStudy70M. Appendix:ResourceToolkitonGreenFinance711. GreenFinanceandProgrammes712. CarbonMarketsandPricing733. Mauritiusresources74N. Bibliography75Annex1:SMESurvey801.istofTablesTable 1: NewcriteriafordefiningSMEs16Table 2: ValueAdded&EmploymentofSMEsfor20021200712013and201917Table 3: SUNREFEligibleProjects32Table 4: GOFresponsetochallengesfacedbySouthAfricanSGBsandfundmanagers48Table 5: CaseStudiesofGrants,SubsidiesandTechnicalAssistanceforSMEs57Table 6: CaseStudiesofTaxIncentivesforSMEs57GreenBusinessOpportunitiesinMauritius641.istofFiguresFigure 1: ContributionoftheSMEsector10-yearplan20Figure 2: CHUEEProcessDesign52WasteCompositioninMauritius651.istofAcronymsADFAfricanDevelopmentFundAFDAgenceFranaisedeDeveloppementAGFAfricanGuaranteeFundBMCEMoroccoBankofForeignCommerceBOMBankofMauritiusCBRCChinaBankingRegulatoryCommissionCEBCentralElectricityBoardCCCClimateChangeCentreCFPCatalyticFinancePartnerCHUEEChinaUtility-BasedEnergyEfficiencyFinanceProgramCiceroCenterforInternationalClimateResearchCOVID-19CoronaVirusDisease2019CSRCChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommissionDAIDevelopmentAlternatives,Inc.DBMDevelopmentBankofMauritiusDEMDevelopmentandEnterpriseMarketsDHMoroccandirhamEBRDEuropeanBankforReconstructionandDevelopmentEIBEuropeanInvestmentBankESCOsEnergyServiceCompaniesEUEuropeanUnionEUNIFEuropeanUnionNeighborhoodInvestmentFacilityEUREuroFDIForeignDirectInvestmentGAPGreenActionPlanGDPGrossDomesticProductGEFGlobalEnvironmentFacilityGEFFGreenEconomyFinancingFacilityGIZGermanDevelopmentCooperationAgencyGOFGreenOutcomesFundGVAGrossValueAddedICTInformationCommunicationTechnologyIDCIndustrialDevelopmentCorporationIFCInternationalFinanceCorporationISPInvestmentSupportProgrammeKfWKreditanstaltfurWiederaufbauKWhKilowatthourLEMSLeasingEquipmentModernizationSchemeLLRFLoanLossReserveFundMARENAMauritiusRenewableEnergyAgencyMCB MCCI MEDIA MEPU MoBEC MoESDDBMMorSEFF MPCB MRC MSMEs MUR MWh NDF NGFS NSIS OECD ODI PAGE PET PSEE SACCO SBM SCP SDGs SEM SEMDEM SEMSI SGB SID SMEDA SMEs SSE SUNREF UNCTAD UNDESA UNDP UNEP UNEP Fl UNFCCC UNIDO UNOPS USD WHOMauritiusCommercialBankMauritiusChamberofCommerceandIndustryMauritiusExportDevelopmentandInvestmentAuthorityMinistryofEnergyandPublicUtilitiesMinistryofBusiness,EnterpriseandCooperativesMinistryofEnvironment,SustainableDevelopment,andDisasterandBeachManagementMoroccoSustainableEnergyFinancingfacilityMauritiusPostandCooperativeBankLtdMauritiusResearchCouncilMicro,SmallandMediumsizedEnterprisesMauritianRupeeMegawatthourNordicDevelopmentFundNetworkofCentralBanksandSupervisorsforGreeningtheFinancialSystemNationalSMEIncubatorSchemeOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentOverseasDevelopmentInstitutePartnershipforActiononGreenEconomyPolyethyleneterephthalatePrivateSectorEnergyEfficiencySavingsandCreditCooperativeStateBankofMauritiusSustainableConsumptionandProductionSustainableDevelopmentGoalsStockExchangeofMauritiusStockExchangeofMauritiusDevelopmentandEnterpriseMarketStockExchangeofMauritiusSustainabilityIndexSmallandGrowingBusinessesSmallIslandDevelopingStatesSmallandMediumEnterprisesDevelopmentAuthoritySmallandMedium-sizedEnterprisesSustainableStockExchan