美国名人 作家 弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德 1.docx

美国名人作家弗朗西斯斯科特基菲茨杰拉德1F.ScottFitzgeraldWroteAboutthe"RoaringTwentiesz"theGreatestPartyinAmericanHistoryplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:00repeatByRichardThorman2006-1-21(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.EveryweekwetellaboutsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.TodaywetellaboutwriterF.ScottFitzgerald.VOICEONE:Earlyinnineteentwenty,theAmericanwriterF.ScottFitzgeraldwaspoorandunknown.Hewastwenty-fouryearsold.Thegirlhewantedtomarryhadrejectedhim.Herfamilysaidhecouldnotsupporther.1.aterthatsameyear,Fitzgerald'sfirstnovel,"ThisSideofParadise/'wasacceptedforpublication.Hesaidthatwhenthenewsarrivedinthemail:"Ileftmyjob.Ipaidmydebts,boughtasuitofclothesandwokeinthemorningtoaworldofpromise."Hequicklybecamerichandfamous.Thatyearbefore"ThisSideofParadise"waspublished,hesaidheearnedeighthundreddollarsbywriting.Thefollowingyearzwithhisfirstbookpublished,heearnedeighteenthousanddollarsbywriting.YetbythetimeF.ScottFitzgeralddiedinnineteenforty,attheageofforty-four,hismoneywasgone,andsowashisfame.Mostpeoplecouldnotbelievethathehadnotdiedyearsbefore.Theproblemwasthathewassomuchapartoftheagehedescribed,the"RoaringTwenties."Sowhentheperiodendedpeoplethoughthemusthaveendedwithit.VOICETWO:Thenineteentwentiesbeganwithhighhopes.WorldWarOne,the"WartoEndAllWars,"wasover.ThetwentiesendedwithahugedropinstockmarketpricesthatbegantheGreatDepression.Fitzgeraldwasarepresentativeoftheyearsoffastlivinginbetween.Thenation'svalueshadchanged.ManyAmericanswereconcernedmainlywithhavingagoodtime.Peoplebrokethelawbydrinkingalcohol.Theydancedtojazzmusic.Womenworeshortskirts.MoneydifferencesbetweenonegroupofAmericansandanotherhadbecomesharperatthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.Bythenineteentwenties,manypeoplebelievedthatgainingthematerialthingsonedesiredcouldbringhappiness.F.ScottFitzgeraldwroteaboutthelivesofpeoplewholivedasifthatweretrue.VOICEONE:TherewasmoretoFitzgeraldthanadesireformaterialthings."Thetestofafirst-rateintelligence,"hesaid,"istheabilitytoholdtwoopposedideasinthemindatthesametime,andstillhavetheabilitytoact."Histwoopposingideasinvolvedseekinghappinessfrommaterialthings,andknowingthatmaterialthingsonlybroughtunhappiness.Ofhisowntime,hesaid:"Thereseemednoquestionaboutwhatwasgoingtohappen.Americawasgoingonthegreatestpartyinitshistoryandtherewasgoingtobeplentytotellabout."Yetifhedescribedonlytheparty,hiswritingswouldhavebeenforgottenwhenthepartyended."Allthestoriesthatcameintomyhead,"hesaidz"hadatouchofunhappinessinthem.Thelovelyyoungwomeninmystorieswereruined,thediamondmountainsexploded.Inlifethesethingshadnothappenedyet.ButIwassurethatlivingwasnotthecarelessbusinessthatpeoplethought."Fitzgeraldwasabletoexperiencethewildlivingoftheperiodyetwriteaboutitseffectonpeopleasthoughhewerejustanobserver.Thatisamajorreasonhiswritingsstillarepopular.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:FrancisScottKeyFitzgeraldwasbornintheMiddleWesterncityofSaintPaulzMinnesota.Hegrewupthere.Inhismother'sfamilythereweresouthernlandownersandpoliticians.Thememberofthefamilyforwhomhewasnamedhadwrittenthewordsto"TheStar-SpangledBanner;"America'snationalsong.Hisfatherwasabusinessmanwhodidnotdowell.Scottwenttofreepublicschoolsand,whenhewasfifteen,acostlyprivateschoolwherehelearnedhowtherichlived.WhenF.ScottFitzgeraldwasseventeen,heenteredPrincetonUniversity.VOICEONE:Fitzgeraldwasnotagoodstudent.HespentmoretimewritingforschoolplaysandmagazinesatPrincetonthanstudying.Hispoorrecordtroubledhimlessthanthefactthathewasnotagoodenoughathletetobeontheuniversity'sfootballteam.Universityofficialswarnedhimhehadtodobetterinhisstudiesorhewouldbeexpelled.SohedecidedtoleavetheuniversityafterthreeyearstojointheUnitedStatesArmy.ItwasWorldWarOne,butthewarendedbeforehesawactiveduty.Hemethisfuturewifewhilehewasatoneofthebaseswherehetrained.Thegirl,ZeldaSayre,wasalocalbeautyinthesoutherncityofMontgomery,Alabama.SheandFitzgeraldagreedtomarry.ThensherejectedhimwhenherfamilysaidthatFitzgeraldcouldnotgiveherthelifesheexpected.VOICETWO:Fitzgeraldwascrushed.HewenttoNewYorkCityinnineteen-nineteenwithtwogoals.Onewastomakealotofmoney.Theotherwastowinthegirlheloved.Herewroteandcompletedanovelthathehadstartedincollege.Thebook,"ThisSideofParadise/'waspublishedinnineteen-twenty.Itwasanimmediatesuccess.Fitzgeraldtoldhispublisherthathedidnotexpectmorethantwentythousandcopiesofthebooktobesold.Thepublisherlaughedandsaidfivethousandcopiesofafirstnovelwouldbeverygood.Withinoneweek,however,twentythousandcopiesofthebookweresold.Attwenty-four,Fitzgeraldwasfamousandrich.Aweekafterthenovelappeared,ScottandZeldaweremarried.F.ScottFitzgeraldhadgainedthetwogoalshehadsetforhimself.Atthispointthefairytaleshouldendwiththeexpression:"Theylivedhappilyeverafter."ButthatwasnottobetheendingfortheFitzgeralds.VOICEONE:Fitzgeraldisreportedtohavesaidtohisfriend,theAmericanwriterErnestHemingwayz"Theveryricharedifferentfromyouandme."Hemingwayisreportedtohaveanswered,"Yes,theyhavemoremoney."Theexchangetellsagreatdealabouteachwriter.Hemingwaysawademocraticworldwherepeopleweremeasuredbytheirability,notbywhattheyowned.Fitzgeraldsawthedeepdifferencesbetweengroupsofpeoplethatmoneycreates.Hedecidedtobeamongtherich.Todothishesoldshortstoriestomagazinesand,whenhehadtime,continuedtowritenovels.Healsocontinuedtoliveasthoughhislifewasonelongparty.Forseveralyearshewassuccessfulateverything.EditorspaidmoreforastorybyFitzgeraldthanbyanyotherwriter.Andhesoldeverythinghewrote.Somestorieswereverygood.Hewroteveryfast,though.Sosomestorieswerebad.Eventhebadones,however,hadaspiritandalifethatbelongedtoFitzgerald.Assoonashehadenoughgoodstories,hecollectedtheminabook.VOICETWO:Fitzgeraldquicklylearnedthatalifeofpartyingallthetimedidnothelphimwritehisbest.Buthecouldnotgiveupthefun.ScottandZeldalivedinNewYorkCity.Hedranktoomuch.Shespenttoomuchmoney.Hepromisedhimselftolivealesscostlylife.Always,however;hespentmorethanheearnedfromwriting.Inadditiontotheindividualstories,twocollectionsofhisstories,"FlappersandPhilosophers,"and"TalesoftheJazzAge,"appearedinnineteentwentyandnineteentwenty-two.Asecondnovel,"TheBeautifulandDamned,"alsowaspublishedinnineteentwenty-two.VOICEONE:Thenovelwaswellreceived,butitwasnothinglikethesuccessofhisfirstnovel.Fitzgeraldwasunhappywiththecriticsandunhappywiththemoneythebookearned.HeandhiswifemovedtoFrancewiththeirbabydaughter.TheymademanyfriendsamongtheAmericanswhohadfledtoParis.Buttheyfailedtocuttheirlivingcosts.Fitzgeraldwasalwaysindebt.Heowedmoneytohispublisherandthemanwhohelpedtosellhiswritings.Inhisstorieshesaysrepeatedlythatnoonecanhaveeverything.Heseemedtotry,though.Itlookedforabrieftimelikehemightsucceed.VOICETWO:Fitzgeraldcontinuedtobeaffectedbytheproblemsthatwouldfinallykillhim-thedrinkingandthedebts.Yetbynineteentwenty-fivehisbestnovel,"TheGreatGatsby,"waspublished.Itisthestoryofayoungman'ssearchforhisideaoflove.Italsoisastoryofwhattheyoungmanmustdotowinthatlovebeforehediscoversthatitisnotworthhaving.Nextweekweshalldiscussthisimportantnovel.AndweshalltellyouabouttherestofFitzgerald'sshortlife.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisPeopleinAmericaprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThormanandproducedbyLawanDavis.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekasweconcludethestoryofthelifeofwriterF.ScottFitzgeraldinSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.