美国名人 印第安人酋长 疯马.docx

美国名人印第安人酋长疯马CrazyHorseWasChiefoftheLakota,aWarriorandaHolyManplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:15repeatByBarbaraDash2006-11-11VOICEONE:mPhoebeZimmermann.VOICETWO:AndI'mSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellthestoryofaNativeAmerican,CrazyHorse.HewasaleaderoftheLakotaIndians.SomepeoplecallhistribetheOglalaSioux.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CrazyHorse'speoplebelongedtooneofsevengreatfamilieswhocalledthemselvesLakota.ThewordLakotameansfriendsorallies.TheLakotapeoplewerehunters.Theymovedwiththeseasons.Theymovedthroughthegreatflatlandsandthegreatmountainsofthenorth-centralUnitedStates.TheLakotadependedonwildanimalsforfoodandclothing,andforthematerialstomaketheirtoolsandhomes.Theydependedespeciallyonthebuffalo,thegreathairyox-likecreature.Hugegroupsofbuffaloranfreeacrosstheirlands.VOICETWO:GreatchangescametotheIndianterritoriesduringthemiddleeighteenhundreds.ThepopulationoftheUnitedStateswasgrowing.SettlersleftthecitiesoftheEastforthewideopenspacesoftheWest.Thesettlersfollowedtherailroadsextendingacrossthecontinent.MoresettlersmovedwestwhengoldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniaineighteenforty-nine.ThewaysofthesettlerswerenotthewaysoftheIndians.Thecultureofthewhitepeopleclashedwiththecultureoftheredpeople-ofteninviolence.TheUnitedStatesarmywassenttomovetheIndiansandprotectthesettlers.ManyIndiantribesrefusedtomove.Theirlands,theysaid,containedthebonesoftheirfathersandmothers.Itwasholyground.Theyfoughtthesoldiers.VOICEONE:CrazyHorse'stribe,theLakota,hadmanypowerfulleadersandskilledwarriors.CrazyHorse,himself,wasgreatlyfeared.Thesoldierscouldnotdefeathiminbattle.MostwhitepeopledidnotunderstandwhytheLakotafoughtsohard.TheyknewlittleoftheIndians'wayoflife.TheydidnotknowCrazyHorseatall.MuchofwhatwehavelearnedaboutCrazyHorsecamefromhisownpeople.Eventoday,theystilltalkabouthim.TotheLakota,hewasbothawarriorandaholyman.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:NooneknowsforsurewhenCrazyHorsewasborn.Perhapsaroundtheyeareighteenforty.Butwedoknowwhenhedied.Ineighteenseventy-seven,whenhewasinhismiddlethirties.TherearenophotographsofCrazyHorse.Butitissaidthathewasnotverytall.AndhisskinwasIighterthanmostoftheLakotapeople.Asaboy,CrazyHorselovedtolistentotheteachingsoftheLakotareligion.Hisfatherwasaholymanofthetribe-amedicineman.Hetaughttheboytohonorallthings,becauseallthingshadalifeoftheirown.Notonlypeopleandanimalshadspirits,hesaid,buttreesandrivers,aswell.AboveallwastheGreatSpirit.VOICEONE:CrazyHorse'sfatheralsotoldhimthatamanshouldbejudgedonlybythegoodnessofhisactions.Sotheboytriedhardtotellthetruthatalltimesandnottospeakbadlyofothers.CrazyHorselearnedtobeahunter.Hecouldliequietlyforhourswatchingwildanimals.Whenhekilledabirdoradeer,healwayssangaprayerofthanksandsorrow.Healwaysgavethemeattothepoorandtothefamiliesthathadnohunters.ThatwaswhatLakotachiefsdid.VOICETWO:Intime,CrazyHorselearnedthattheIndianswerenotaloneintheirworld.Hewatchedonedayastribesmenbroughtbackthebodyofoneofthechiefs,ConqueringBear.Thechiefhadbeenshotmanytimesbysoldiersafteradisputeoverawhiteman'scow.Twotimesinthenextfewyears,youngCrazyHorsesawtheburnedremainsofIndianvillages.Allthevillagepeople,includingwomenandchildren,hadbeenshotbysoldiers.AlltheseeventshelpedshapethepersonalityoftheyoungIndian.CrazyHorsebecameveryquiet.Hewouldgoawayfromhisvillageandspenddaysalone.Hispeoplebegantocallhim"thestrangeone."ThenameCrazyHorse-inthelanguageoftheLakota-meantwildhorse.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Whenitwastimeforhimtoplanhisfuture,hisfathertookhimhighintothemountains.Together,theysangaprayertotheGreatSpirit,aprayerlikethis:"Grandfather,GreatSpirit,youhaveexistedalways,andbeforeyoutherewasnoone.StandclosetotheEarththatyoumayhearthevoiceIsend.You,wherethesungoesdown,lookatme!You,wherethesnowlives.you,wherethedaybegins.you,wherethesummerlives.you,inthedepthsoftheheavens,lookatme!Andyou,MotherEarth.Givemeeyestoseeandthestrengthtounderstand,thatImaybelikeyou.OnlywithyourpowercanIfacethewinds."VOICETWO:CrazyHorsestayedonthemountainbyhimselfforthreedaysandnights.Hedidnoteatordrink.HeprayedthattheGreatSpiritwouldsendhimadreamtoshowhimhowtolive.CrazyHorsedreamed.Heenteredtheworldoftruthandofthespiritsofallthings.TheLakotapeoplecalledthis"therealworld".Theybelievedourworldwasonlyanimageoftherealworld.VOICEONE:Inhisdream,CrazyHorsesawamanridingahorsethroughcloudsofdarknessandbattle.Bulletsflewaroundhim,butdidnothithim.Themanworeastoneunderoneear,andabirdfeatherinhishair.Hisbodywaspaintedwithsharpwhitelines,likelightning.Alightfollowedhim,butitwassometimescoveredbydarkness.CrazyHorseunderstoodthedreamasasign.Heknewhispeoplewereenteringatimeofdarkness.Hedressedhimselflikethemaninthedream,sothatnobulletswouldhurthim.Hewouldtrytosavehislandforhispeople.Hewouldtrytoprotecttheirwayofliving.VOICETWO:CrazyHorseprayedeveryday-asthesunrose,atnoon,andasnightcame.Heprayedwheneverhehadsomethingdifficulttodo.Theprayersongswouldcarryhimbacktothepeaceof"therealworld".Hewouldknowtherightthingtodo.Inthevillage,CrazyHorsedidnotkeepthingsforhimself.Heevengaveawayhisfood.Ifothersneededthefoodmore,hewouldnoteatatall.CrazyHorsespentmuchofhistimewiththechildren.Hetalkedandjokedwiththem.Yethiseyeslookedthroughthechildren.Heseemedtobethinkingofsomethingelse.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CrazyHorsefoughtinmorethantwentybattlesagainsttheAmericanarmy.Hewasneverhitbyanenemy'sbullet.Inbattle,hismindwasclear."Bebrave!"theyoungmenwouldshoutastheyfollowedhimintobattle."TheEarthisallthatlasts."ButtheEarththeIndiansknewdidnotlast.Thegovernmentwouldtakemostofit.ThearmydestroyedIndianvillagesandcapturedthosewhowouldnotsurrender.VOICETWO:Almostallthebuffaloweregone,killedbywhitehunters.Thepeoplewerehungry.ManyLakotaandotherIndianscametoCrazyHorseforprotection.ThegovernmentsentamessagetoCrazyHorse.Itsaidifhesurrendered,hispeoplecouldliveandhuntonapartofthelandthathechose.CrazyHorseandhispeoplecouldfightnomore.Theyacceptedthegovernmentoffer.Theysurrendered.Thegovernment,however;didnotkeepitspromisetoletthemchoosewheretheywouldlive.Severalmonthslater,onSeptemberfifth,eighteenseventy-seven,CrazyHorsewenttothearmycommandertomakeanangryprotest.Guardsarrestedhim.Hestruggledtoescape.Asoldierstabbedhimwithaknife.ThegreatLakotaIndianchiefdiedthenextday.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-nine,thetribeaskedanartisttomakeastatueofCrazyHorse.TheIndianswantedahugestatuecutintothesideofamountain.ItwouldshowCrazyHorseridingarunninghorse,pointinghisarmtowheretheEarthmeetsthesky-tothelandsoftheLakotapeople.Thetribetoldtheartist:"Wewouldlikethewhitemantoknowtheredmanhadgreatheroes,too."Ifyouvisitthemountaintoseethestatue,youmayhearinthewindthesongofanoldman.Hesings:"CrazyHorse,yourpeopledependonyou.Bebrave.Defendyourpeople!"(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyBarbaraDash.ItwasproducedbyMarioRitter.OurstudioengineerwasSulaimanTarawaley.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmPhoebeZimmermann.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.