美国名人 作家 威廉·福克纳 （1）.docx

美国名人作家威廉福克纳(1)WilliamFaulkner,PartOneplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByRichardThorman2004-12-4(THEME)VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,webeginthestoryofthelifeofafamousSouthernwriter,WilliamFaulkner.HewroteaboutanimaginaryplaceanddescribedchangesintheAmericanSouth.(THEME)VOICEONE:WilliamFaulknerwasbornattheendofthenineteenthcentury.ItwasatimewhenthereweretwoSouthsintheUnitedStates.ThefirstwastheSouthwhosebeliefshadexistedfrombeforetheAmericanCivilWarwhichbeganineighteensixty-one.ThisSouthdidnotquestionrules,evenwhenthoserulesdidnotsatisfyhumanneeds.ItwasaSouthfilledwithinjusticeforblackpeople.Itheldtheseedsofitsowndestruction.TheotherSouthwasalandwithoutanybeliefs.Itwasaplacewheresuccesswasmeasuredbyself-interest.ThiswasaSouthwhereeachpersonhadlosthisplaceinthegroup.Itwasaplacewherepeopleownedthingsthattheydidnotknowhowtouse.Faulknersawthattheoldbeliefswerenotrightorevenworthbelieving.Andhesawthattheycouldnotprovidejusticebecausetheywerebasedonslavery.YethefeltthatevenwiththeirliesandhalftruthstheoldbeliefswerebetterthanthemoralemptinessofthemodernSouth.VOICETWO:InFaulkner'sstorycalled"TheBear"agroupofmenaretalkingaftertheday'shunt.OnemanreadsfromapoembytheEnglishwriter,JohnKeats:"'Shecannotfade,thoughthouhasnotthyblisszForeverwiltthoulove,andshebefair.,"He'stalkingaboutagirl,"onemansays.Theotheranswers,'Hewastalkingabouttruth.Truthisone.Itdoesn'tchange.Itcoversallthingswhichtouchtheheart-honorandpityandjusticeandcourageandlove.Doyouseenow.,"TheAmericanwriter,RobertPennWarrensaysaboutFaulkner,"Theimportantthingisthepresenceoftheideaoftruth.Itcoversallthingsthatinvolvetheheartanddefinetheeffortofmantoriseabovethemechanicalprocessoflife.,VOICEONE:Faulknerhasbeenaccusedoflookingbacktoatimewhenlifewasbetter.Yetzhebelievesthattruthbelongstoalltimes.Butitisfoundmostofteninthepeoplewhostandoutsidewhathecalls"theloudworld."Oneofthepeopleinhisstory"DeltaAutumn"saysz"Therearegoodmeneverywhere,atalltimes."Faulkner'sgreat-grandfatheracceptedtheoldbeliefs.HewasoneofthemenwhohadhelpedbuildtheSouth,buthistimewasgone.Nowmoneyhadreplacedtheoldorderofhonor.WhatFaulknersawwasthattherecouldbenoorderatallznoideaofdoingwhatisright,inaworldthatmeasuredsuccessintermsofmoney.VOICETWO:ThisisthechangingSouththatFaulknerdescribesintheareahecreated.HenameditYoknapatawphaCounty.HedescribesitasinthenorthernpartofthestateofMississippi.ItliesbetweensandhillscoveredwithpinetreesandrichfarmlandneartheMississippiRiver.Ithasfifteen-thousand-six-hundred-elevenpeople,livingonalmostfour-thousandsquarekilometers.ItscentralcityisJefferson,wherethestorekeepers,mechanics,andprofessionalmenlive.TherestofthepeopleofYoknapatawphaCountyarefarmersormenwhocuttrees.Theironlycropsarewoodandcotton.Afewliveinbigfarmhouses,leftfromanearliertime.Mostofthemdonotevenownthelandtheyfarm.ThecriticMalcolmCowleysays,"OthersmightsaythatFaulknerwasnotsomuchwritingstoriesforthepublicastellingthemtohimself.Itiswhatalonelychildmightdo,oragreatwriter."(MusicBridge)VOICEONE:WilliamFaulknerwasborninNewAlbany,Mississippi,ineighteen-ninety-seven.Hisfatherworkedfortherailroad.William'sgreat-grandfatherhadbuiltit.Hisgrandfatherownedit.Whenthegrandfatherdecidedtoselltherailroad,William'sfathermovedhisfamilythirty-fivemileswesttothecityofOxford.GrowingupinOxford,WilliamFaulknerheardstoriesofthepastfromhisgrandmotherandfromablackwomanwhoworkedforhisfamily.Heheardmorestoriesfromoldmeninfrontofthecourthouse,andfrompoorfarmerssittinginfrontofacountrystore.Youlearnthestories,Faulknersays,withoutspeechsomehowfromhavingbeenbornandlivingbesidethem,withthem,aschildrenwillanddo.VOICETWO:Faulknerwasagoodstudent.Yetbythetimehewasfifteenhehadleftschool.ExceptforayearattheUniversityofMississippiattheendofWorldWarOnezthatwasthelastofhisofficialeducation.HetookanumberofjobsinOxfordzbutdidnotstaywithanyofthem.Hebegantothinkthathewasawriter.Theninnineteen-eighteenthewomanhelovedmarriedanotherman.FaulknerleftMississippiandjoinedtheBritishRoyalFlyingCorps.HewassenttoCanadatotraintofightinWorldWarOne.ThewarendedbeforehecouldbesenttoEurope.HereturnedtoOxford,walkingwithdifficultybecauseofwhathesaidwasa"warwound.,VOICEONE:AthomeFaulkneragainmovedfromonejobtothenext.Hewrotebadpoetry,drewpicturesthatlookedlikeothermen'spictures,andwroteuninterestingstories.Abookofhispoetry,TheMarbleFaunzwaspublishedinnineteen-twenty-four.AyearlaterhewenttotheSoutherncityofNewOrleans,Louisiana.TherehemettheAmericanwriter,SherwoodAnderson.Theybecamefriends.AndersontoldFaulknertodevelophisownwayofwriting,andtousematerialfromhisownpartofthecountry.HealsotoldFaulknerhewouldfindapublisherforthenovelFaulknerwaswriting.ButAndersonalsotoldFaulknerthathewouldnotreadthebook.VOICETWO:Thebookwascalled"Soldier'sPay."ItwouldnotberememberedtodayifitwerenotforFaulkner'slaterwork.ThesamecouldbesaidofFaulkner'snextbook,"Mosquitoes."MoneyfromthesebooksmadeitpossibleforhimtotraveltoEurope.Heeducatedhimselfbyreadingalargenumberofmodernwriters.AmongthemwastheIrishwriterJamesJoyce.Fromhim,Faulknerlearnedtowriteaboutpeople'sinnerthoughts.HealsoreadthebooksoftheAustriandoctor,SigmundFreud.Fromhim,Faulknerlearnedsomeofthereasonspeopleactinthestrangewaytheyoftendo.InsteadofremaininginParis,asmanyAmericanwritersdidzFaulknerreturnedtoMississippiandbeganhisseriouswriting."Iwastrying,"hesaid,"toputthehistoryofmankindinonesentence."Laterhesaidz"Iamstilltryingtodoit,butnowIwanttoputitallontheheadofapin."HecreatedYoknapatawphaCountyanditspeople,andgavethemameaningfarbeyondtheirplaceandlives.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICEONE:Innineteen-twenty-nineFaulknermarriedEstelleOldhamzthewomanhehadlovedsincetheywereinschooltogether.Herearliermarriagehadfailed.ShehadreturnedtoOxfordwithhertwochildren.Theyboughtanoldruinedhouseandbeganthecostlyworkofrepairingit.Faulkneralsotookonthejobofsupportingtherestofhisfamily.Hislettersfromthistimeonareoftenfulloftalkaboutwhathemustdotosupporthisfamilyandtocontinuetherepairstohishouse.VOICETWO:Faulkner'snextbook,nSartoris,"presentsalmostalltheideasthathedevelopsduringtherestofhislife.First,however,thebookFaulknerwrotehadtobecutbyabouttwenty-fivepercent.Faulknerresisted.Hesaidzifyougrowavegetable,youcancutittolooklikesomethingelse,butitwillbedead.YetzwhenFaulknerreadthebookafterhiseditorcutitzheapproved.Heevencooperatedinmorere-shapingofthebook.In"Sartorisz"Faulknerfoundhissubject,hisvoice,andhisarea.HewritesabouttheconnectionbetweenanimportantSouthernfamilyandthelocalcommunity.HedescribeshowtheSartorisfamilyseemstohelpinitsowndestruction.VOICEONE:Inthenextsevenyears,betweennineteen-twenty-nineandnineteen-thirty-si×,heseemedtore-inventthenovelwitheverybookhewrote."Getitdown,"hesaid."Takechances.Itmaybebad,butthat'stheonlywayyoucandoanythinggood."Atthattime,mostnovelsabouttheSouthdescribedalandthatneverexisted.AfterFaulkner,fewnorthernerswerebraveenoughtowriteaboutaSouththeydidnotknow.AndnoseriousSouthernwriterwaswillingtodescribeaSouththatdidnotexist.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThorman.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmFaithLapidus.JoinusagainnextweekfortherestofthestoryaboutWilliamFaulkneronPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.(THEME)