美国名人 作家 弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德 2.docx

美国名人作家弗朗西斯斯科特基菲茨杰拉德2F.ScottFitzgerald's'GreatGatsby':AGreatEventinU.S.Literatureplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:39repeatByRichardThorman2006-1-28(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.Everyweek,wetellaboutsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,wecompletethestoryofwriterF.ScottFitzgerald.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteentwenty-five,justfiveyearsafterhisfirstnovelappeared,F.ScottFitzgeraldpublished"TheGreatGatsby."ItwasamajoreventinAmericanwriting."TheGreatGatsby"isastoryaboutsuccess-Americansuccess-andwhatonemustdotogainit.Itisastoryaboutappearanceandreality.Itisastoryaboutlove,hate,loyalty,anddisloyalty.Thisishowthestorybegins:VOICETWO:"Inmyyoungeryears,myfathergavemesomeadvice.Theabilitytodowhatisgoodandrightisnotgivenoutequallyatbirth.Therichandpowerful-whoshouldhaveit-oftendonot.Andthosewhowerebornknowingneithergoodnorright,sometimesknowitbest."VOICEONE:JayGatsby,themaincharacterinthebook,learnsthismorallesson.Hediesattheendofthestory.Yethisspiritsurvives,becauseofhisgreatgiftforhope.Itwasthekindofhope,Fitzgeraldsaid,thathehadneverfoundinanyperson.YetitwashopethatusedGatsbyandfinally,intheend,destroyedhim.Gatsbyisaself-mademan.Almosteverythingabouthislifeisinvented-evenhisname.HewasbornJimmyGatz.Asachild,JimmyGatzsetsadailyprogramofself-improvement.Thesearethethingshefeelshemustdoeverydaytomakehimselfasuccess.VOICETWO:WhenJimmyGatzinventshimselfasJayGatsby,partofhisdreamofsuccessistheloveofabeautifulwoman.Hefindsthewomantolove-asFitzgeralddid-whiletraininginthearmyduringWorldWarOne.Theotherpartofhisdreamistobeveryrich.That,too,waspartofFitzgerald'sdream.Injustthreeyears,Gatsbygainsmoremoneythanhethoughtpossible.Allheneedstodonowistoclaimthewomanheloves.Inthosesamethreeyears,however;shehasmarriedsomeoneelse.Thestoryof"TheGreatGatsby"istoldbyanarrator;NickCarraway.WhenGatsbyseekstorenewhisearlierIovezCarrawaysays,"Iwouldnotasktoomuch.Youcannotrepeatthepast.,Gatsbyanswers,"Cannotrepeatthepast.Why,ofcourseyoucan!"VOICEONE:Forabrieftime,Gatsbyseemstosucceed.Hedoesnotknowthathecanneversucceedcompletely.Thewomanheloves,DaisyBuchanan,ispartoftheveryrichworldthatFitzgeraldfoundsodifferent.ItisagroupthatdoesnotsharewhatithaswithpeoplelikejayGatsby.Fitzgeraldwrote:VOICETWO:"Theywerecarelesspeople.Theysmashedupthingsandcreatures.Thentheyretreatedbackintotheirmoney,ortheirgreatcarelessness,orwhateveritwasthatkeptthemtogether.Theyretreatedandletotherpeoplecleanupthemessestheyhadmade."VOICEONE:Themesstheymakein"TheGreatGatsby"isatragicone.Theyhitawomanwithacar;andkillher.Gatsbyacceptstheblame,soDaisywillnotbecharged.He,then,iskilledbythedeadwoman'shusband.NotevenGatsby'sfewfriendscometohisfuneral.Ofallthehundredsofpeoplewhocametohisparties,noonewillcomewhenthepartyisover.AfterGatsby'sdeath,NickCarrawayztheStorytelleosays:VOICETWO:"IthoughtofGatsby'swonderwhenhefirstrecognizedthegreenlightattheendofDaisy'sboatdock.Hehadcomealongwaytothisbluelawn.Hisdreammusthaveseemedsoclosethathecouldhardlyfailtoholdit.Hedidnotknowthatitwasalreadybehindhim"Gatsbybelievedinthefuturethat,yearbyyear,movesawayfromus."Sowebeaton-boatsagainstthecurrent-carriedbackendlesslyintothepast."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:"TheGreatGatsby"wasnotthepopularsuccessF.ScottFitzgeraldexpected.Yetotherwriterssawimmediatelyhowskillfulhehadbecome.Hisfirstbooksshowedthathecouldwrite."TheGreatGatsby"provedthathehadbecomeanexpertintheartofwriting.Thestoryistoldbyathirdperson.Heisapartofthestory,butherejectsthestoryheistelling.HisanswersarelikethoseheardinanancientGreekplay.Thechorusintheplaytellsuswhattothinkaboutwhatwesee."TheGreatGatsby"isashortnovelwhosewritingshineslikeajewel.ThepictureitpaintsoflifeinAmericaatthattime-theparties,theautomobiles,theendlessfieldsofwasteareunforgettable.VOICETWO:Fitzgeraldwroteatgreatspeedtomakemoney.Yetnomatterhowfasthewrote,hecouldnotstayoutofdebt.Bytheendofthenineteentwenties,theJazzAgehadended.HardtimeswerecomingforthecountryandfortheFitzgeralds.VOICEONE:Innineteen-thirtyzZeldaFitzgeraldbecamementallysick.Shelivedmostoftherestofherlifeinmentalhospitals.ScottFitzgeraldalsobecamesickfromdrinkingtoomuchalcohol.Andhehaddevelopedthediseasediabetes.Innineteenthirty-one,theFitzgeraldsreturnedtotheUnitedStatesfromEurope.ZeldaenteredamentalhospitalinthestateofMaryland.ScottlivednearbyinthecityofBaltimore.Zeldaliveduntilnineteenforty-seven.Shediedinafireatanothermentalhospital.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-four;Fitzgeraldwroteanothernovel,"TenderistheNight."Hethoughtitwashisbest.Manycriticsdisagreed.TheysaidFitzgeraldnolongerrecognizedwhatwashappeningintheUnitedStates.Theysaidhedidnotunderstandwhatwasimportanttothecountryduringthegreateconomicdepression."TenderistheNight"tellsthestoryofayoungAmericandoctorandhismarriagetoarich,beautifulpatient.Intheearlypartofhislife,hebelievesinsuccessthroughhardwork.Slowly,however,hiswife'sgreatwealthruinshim.Hisenergyisweakened,hisworkdestroyed.Hiswiferecoversherhealthwhilehebecomesworse.Intheend,sheseemstohavestolenhisenergyandintelligence.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-six,Fitzgeraldwroteabookhecalled"TheCrack-Up."Itdescribeshisownbreakdown,andhowheattemptedtoputhimselfandhislifetogether."Itseemedaromanticbusinesstobeasuccessfulwriter/'hesaid."Ofcourse.Youwereneversatisfied.ButI,forone,wouldnothavechosenanyotherwork."Attheageofthirty-nine,herealizedthathislifehadcrackedintopieces.Itbecameatimeforhimtolookathimself.Herealizedthathehadnottakencareofthepeopleandthingsheloved."Ihadnotbeenaverygoodcaretakerofmostofthethingsleftinmyhands/'hesaid,"evenofmyownskills.,Outofthewreckageofhislifeandhealth,hetriedtorebuildhimself.VOICETWO:Fitzgeraldhadalwayswrittenmanystories.Somewereverygood.Otherswerenotgood.Hewrotequicklyforthemoneyhealwaysneeded.Afterhiscrack-up,however,hediscoveredhewasnolongerwelcomeatthemagazinesthathadpaidhimwell.So,toearnaliving,hemovedtoHollywoodandbeganwritingforthemotionpictureindustry.Hehadstoppeddrinking.Heplannedtostartwritingnovelsandshortstoriesagain.Itwastoolate.Hishealthwasruined.HediedinHollywoodinnineteenfortyattheageofforty-four.Therewerefewpeoplewhocouldbelievethathehadnotdiedyearsbefore.VOICEONE:Fitzgeraldwasworkingonanovelwhenhedied.Hecalledit"TheLastTycoon."Fitzgerald'sfriendfromPrincetonUniversity,theliterarycriticEdmundWilson,helpedtogetitpublished.WilsondidthesamethingforabookofFitzgerald'snotesandotherpiecesofwriting,called"TheCrack-Up."Thesebooksre-establishedFitzgerald'sfameasbothanobserverofhistimesandaskilledartist.Thatfamerestsonjustafewbooksandstories,butitseemssecure.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Today'sprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThormanandproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogram,inSpecialEnglish,ontheVoiceofAmerica.