美国名人 剧作家 阿瑟·米勒.docx

美国名人剧作家阿瑟米勒ArthurMillerplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByJeriIynWatson2005-3-5(THEME)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutArthurMiller.ManytheatercriticsbelievehewasoneofthegreatestAmericanplaywrightsofthetwentiethcentury.(THEME)VOICEONE:SeveralplaysbyArthurMillerwillprobablybeperformedformanyyearstocome.ThatisbecausecriticssayMillerwasabletodramatizetheemotionalpainthataveragepeoplesufferintheirdailylives.AcriticoncedescribedMillerasanactivistforthecommonman.Hedemonstratesthiswellinoneofhismostfamousplays,"DeathofaSalesman."Themaincharacterisamanwhosedreamsofsuccessinbusinesshavedied.ButMiller'sinterestintheaveragemandidnotstophimfromexploringmajorproblemsofsociety.In"TheCrucible",forexample,heshowswhathappenswhenunreasonabledislikeandfearcausepeopletoaccuseinnocentpeopleofhorriblecrimes.Someotherofhisbest-knownplaysinclude"AllMySons","AViewfromtheBridge"and"AftertheFall."VOICETWO:ArthurMillerwasborninNewYorkCityinnineteenfifteen.HediedintwothousandfiveathishomeinRoxbury,Connecticut.Forsixtyyears,hecreatedonedramaticworkafteranother.Millerwonmanyawardsforhisplays.AmongthemwereaPulitzerPrize,NewYorkDramaCritics'CircleprizesandTonyawards.Innineteeneighty-four;theJohnF.KennedyCenterforthePerformingArtsinWashington,D.C.honoredhimforhislifetimeworkindrama.VOICETWO(CONT):Milleralsocreatedstoriesformovies.Forexample,hewrote"TheMisfits"foractressMarilynMonroe.Miller'stelevisiondrama,"PlayingforTime",toldofanorchestraofprisonersattheNazideathcamp,Auschwitz,duringWorldWarTwo.Millerwasalsoapoliticalactivistforhumanrights.ButitwasdramaperformedinthetheaterthatMillerlovedmost.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ArthurMillergrewupinNewYork.Hisfather,IsidoreMiller;manufacturedclothingandoperatedastore.ButthefatherlosthismoneyinthegreateconomicDepressioninthenineteenthirties.ThefamilyhadtomovefromacostlyapartmentinManhattantoasmallhouseinBrooklyn.DuringtheDepression,Arthurworkedatmanyjobstoearnmoneyforcollege.Innineteenthirty-fouGhebeganstudyingEnglishattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.Millerwonanawardforwritingplayswhileatschool.VOICETWO:MillerreturnedhometoNewYorkaftercompletinghisstudies.Hemarriedhiscollegegirlfriend,MarySlattery.Theyhadtwochildrenbeforelaterendingtheirmarriage.Innineteenforty-four,ArthurMiller'sfirstmajorplaywasperformedonBroadway.Itwascalled"TheManWhoHadAlltheLuck."However,theplaydidnotbringhimgoodluck.Ithadonlyfourperformances.ButhissecondBroadwayplay,"AllMySons",wasamajorsuccessItwonseveralawardsinnineteenforty-seven."AllMySons"tellsofamanufacturerwhoproducesfaultypartsforairplanesusedinWorldWarTwo.Oneofhissonsdiesastheresultofthefather'scrime.Intheplay,Millerexaminestherelationshipbetweenthepressuretosucceedandpersonalresponsibility.VOICEONE:Miller'sgreatplay,"DeathofaSalesman",openedonBroadwayinnineteenforty-nine.Hewasthirty-threeyearsoldwhenhewroteit."DeathofaSalesman"questionsthepressuresinAmericansocietyforpeopletogainfinancialsuccess.Theplayalsocontinueshisexplorationoftherelationshipsbetweenfathersandsons.Thecentralcharacterin"DeathofaSalesman"issixty-year-oldWillyLoman.TheactionopensonthelastdayofWilly'slife.Hehasbeendismissedfromhisjobasatravelingsalesman.Healsorecognizesthathehasfailedasafather.Willythinksaboutkillinghimself.Willy'swifeLindaunderstandsthatheisdeeplyanddangerouslysad.ButtheirsonBiffcriticizeshisfather'sstrangeactions.SheanswerswithsomeofthemostfamouswordsintheAmericantheater:(CUTONE:DEATHOFASALESMANINSPECIALENGLISH)1.INDA:"Idon'tsayhe'sagreatman.WillyLomannevermadealotofmoney.Hisnamewasneverinthepapers.Buthe'sahumanbeing,andaterriblethingishappeningtohim.Soattentionmustbepaid.He'snottobeallowedtofallintohisgravelikeanolddog.Attention,attentionmustbefinallypaidtosuchaperson.Youcalledhimcrazy-,BIFF:"Ididn'tmean-*1.INDAihNozalotofpeoplethinkhe'slosthis-balance.Butyoudon'thavetobeverysmarttoknowwhathistroubleis.Themanisexhausted."VOICETWO:1.indaknowsthatWillyisextremelytired.Heistiredofliving.Hekillshimselfbeforetheplayisover.LindatalkstoWillyathisburialplace:(CUTTWO:DEATHOFASALESMANINSPECIALENGLISH)"IsearchandsearchandIsearch,andIcan'tunderstandit.Willy,Imadethelastpaymentonthehousetoday.Today,dear.Andthere'llbenobodyhome-'*VOICEONE:"DeathofaSalesman"hadabiginfluenceontheAmericanpublic.ManypeoplesawtheirownlivesinWillyLomanzthevictimofbrokendreams.Americansdiscussedthefinancialworriesofbusinessmenwhoweregettingold.ButAmericanswerenottheonlyoneswhoidentifiedwiththeideasintheplay.Ithasbeentranslatedintoaboutthirtylanguagesandperformedaroundtheworld.VOICETWO:ArthurMiller'scriticismsofmodernAmericanlifeinfluencedanotherofhismostimportantworks."TheCrucible"wasfirstproducedinnineteenfifty-three.ThenineteenfiftieswereatimeofextremefearofCommunismintheUnitedStates.Sometimesthisfearwasunreasonable.MillerexaminedthisdifficultperiodinAmericanhistorybysettinghisplayatanotherdifficulttime."TheCrucible"takesplaceintheseventeenthcentury.HebasedhisplayontrialsthattookplaceinSalem,Massachusetts.Youngwomenintheplayaccusepeopletheydislikeofbeingevilwitches.Theinnocentvictimsareputontrialandexecuted.Thestoryshowsthetragicresultsofuncontrolledsuspicionandfear."TheCrucible"hasbeenproducedmorethananyofMiller'splays,bothinAmericaandaroundtheworld.VOICEONE:1.ikethevictimsin"TheCrucible/'theplaywrighthimselfbecametheobjectofsuspicion.Innineteenfifty-six,acommitteeoftheUnitedStatesCongressorderedhimtogiveevidence.Inthenineteenforties,hehadattendedseveralmeetingsforwritersorganizedbytheCommunistParty.TheCongressionalcommitteewantedthenamesofotherpeoplewhoattendedCommunistmeetings.ArthurMillersaidhewasnotaCommunist.Buthewouldnotgivethecommitteeanynames.HewasfoundguiltyofdisobeyingCongress.Later,however;acourtcanceledthatjudgment.Millerwaslucky.SomepeoplewhowouldnotanswerquestionsbeforeCongressservedtimeinprison.VOICETWO:Somethingelseluckyhappenedtotheplaywrightinnineteenfifty-six.MillermarriedthebeautifulHollywoodactressMarilynMonroe.Buttheirmarriagewastroubled.Monroehademotionalproblems.Theyhadlittleprivacybecausethemediafollowedthefamouscoupleeverywhere.Millerwrotethenineteensixty-onemovie"TheMisfits"forhiswife.ThemovieexploredthemodernWildWestthroughthelivesofthreetroubledpeople.ArthurMillerandMarilynMonroeendedtheirmarriagesoonafterthemoviewascompleted.Ayearlater,Monroediedofadrugoverdose.Millerwroteanotherplay,"AftertheFall/'innineteensixty-four.Criticssaiditwastheplaymostabouthisownlife.Theycriticizedhimforportrayingthewifeofthemaincharacterasawomanwhoisdependentondrugsandkillsherself.TheysaidthecharacterwasbasedonMarilynMonroe.ButMillerdeniedthis.VOICEONE:Millermarriedforathirdtimeinnineteensixty-two.HeandhiswifeIngeMorathzawell-knownphotographer,hadonedaughter.Morathdiedintwothousandtwo.MilleroncesaidthatevenafterheandIngehadbeenmarriedalmostfortyyears,peoplestillaskedhimaboutMarilynMonroe.VOICETWO:ArthurMilleralsowroteshortstoriesandabookabouthislifecalled"Timebends:ALife."Heoncewrotethatwhenhewasyoungheimaginedthatwiththepossibleexceptionofadoctorsavingalife,"writingaworthyplaywasthemostimportantthingahumanbeingcoulddo."TheaterownersonBroadwayagreed.Onthedayafterhedied,thelightsofBroadwaytheatersdarkenedforaminuteinhonorofArthurMiller.(THEME)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyJerilynWatson.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.SarahLongandRichKleinfeldtwerethecharactersfrom"DeathofaSalesman."JoinusagainfornextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.(THEME)