美国名人 哈丽特·塔布曼.docx

美国名人哈丽特塔布曼HarrietTubmanplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByJerilynWatson2004-2-14(THEME)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreemanwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleInAmerica.EveryweekwetellthestoryofsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.TodaywetellaboutHarrietTubman,anAfricanAmericanwomanwhofoughtslaveryandoppression.(THEME)VOICEONE:HistorianssayHarrietTubmanwasbornintheyearEighteen-Twenty.Nobodyreallyknows.IntheUnitedStatesintheNineteenthCenturythebirthofslaveswasnotrecorded.WedoknowthatHarrietTubmanwasoneofthebravestwomeneverbornintheUnitedStates.ShehelpedhundredsofpeopleescapefromslaveryontheUndergroundRailroad.ThiswasasystemthathelpedslavesescapefromtheSouthtostateswhereslaverywasbanned.BecauseofherworkontheUndergroundRailroadzHarrietTubmanwascalledMoses.IntheBible,MoseswastheleaderoftheJewishpeopleenslavedinEgypt.Hebroughthispeopleoutofslaverytothepromisedland.HarrietTubmandiedinNineteen-Thirteen.Allherlife,shealwaystriedtoimprovelifeforAfricanAmericans.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICETWO:Fromaveryearlyage,Harrietknewhowslavessuffered.Herparentswereslaves.TheybelongedtoEdwardBrodaszafarmerinthemiddleAtlanticstateofMaryland.Harriet'sparentstriedtoprotectherandtheirtenotherchildrenasmuchastheycould.Therewaslittletheycoulddozhowever.Slavesweretreatedlikeanimals.Theycouldbesoldatanytime.Familiesoftenwereseparated.Slavechildrenwerenotpermittedtoactlikechildren.BythetimeHarrietwasthreeyearsold,MisterBrodasorderedhertocarrynotesfromhimtootherfarmers.Someofthesefarmerslivedasfarasfifteenkilometersaway.Harrietwaspunishedifshestoppedtorestorplay.VOICEONE:WhenHarrietwassixyearsold,theBrodasfamilysenthertoworkforanotherfamilywholivedneartheirfarm.Whilethere,Harrietwasinfectedwiththediseasemeasles.Eventhoughshewassick,shewasforcedtoplaceandremoveanimaltrapsinanicyriver.Shewassenthomewhenshebecamedangerouslyill.Harriet'smothertookverygoodcareofher.Thechildsurvived.ThenshewassenttoworkintheBrodas'shouse.Herownersnevergaveherenoughtoeat.Onedayshewasworkinginthekitchen.ShewaslookingatapieceofsugarinasilvercontainerwhenMissusBrodassawher.Harrietranawayinfear.Shewascaughtandbeatenveryseverely.HerownersdecidedthatHarrietneverwouldmakeagoodworkerinthehouse.Shewassenttothefields.VOICETWO:Harriet'sparentsweresad.Theyworkedinthefieldsandtheyknewhowdifficultitwastosurvivethehardwork.ButworkingoutsidemadeHarriet'sbodystrong.Andshebegantolearnthingsfromtheotherslaves.Thesethingsonedaywouldhelpherleadherpeopletofreedom.HarrietheardaboutNatTurner.Hehadledanunsuccessfulrebellionofslaves.Sheheardaboutotherslaveswhohadrunawayfromtheircruelowners.ShewastoldthattheyhadtraveledbytheUndergroundRailroad.Theydidnotescapebyusingaspecialtrain.Insteadofarealtrain,theUndergroundRailroadwasaseriesofhidingplaces,usuallyinhousesofpeoplewhoopposedslavery.TheseweresecretplacesthatAfricanAmericanscouldstopatastheyescapedfromtheSouthtotheNorth.AsHarrietheardstoriesofrebellion,shebecamemoreofarebel.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICEONE:OnedaywhenHarrietwasfifteenshewasatalocalstore.Aslaveownerenteredandthreatenedayoungboywhowashisslave.Atfirst,theslaverefusedtomove.Thenheranforthedoor.Harrietmovedinfrontoftheyoungman.Theslaveownerreachedforaheavyweight.Hethrewitathisslave.Hemissed.Instead,theheavymetalobjecthitHarrietinthehead.Harrietalmostdied.Monthspassedbeforeshecouldgetoutofbed.Fortherestofherlife,shecarriedthemarkofadeepwoundonherhead.Andshesufferedfromblackouts.Shewouldsuddenlyloseconsciousnessasthoughshehadfallenasleep.VOICETWO:MisterBrodasfelthewouldnevergetanygoodworkoutofHarriet.Sohedecidedtosellher.Harrietthoughtofawaytopreventthis.Eachtimeshewasshowntosomeonewhomightbuyher,sheactedasifshewerefallingasleep.Afterawhile,MisterBrodasgaveuphopeofsellingHarriet.Hesentherbacktothefields.Shedreamedoffreedomwhilepickingvegetablesanddigginginthefields.InEighteenForty-Four,ataboutagetwenty-four,shemarriedafreeblackmannamedJohnTubman.Bynow,Harrietwassureshewantedtotrytoescape.Itwouldbeverydangerous.Slaveswhowerecaughtoftenwerekilledoralmostbeatentodeath.Harrietknewshemustwaitforjusttherighttime.VOICEONE:Suddenly,inEighteen-Forty-Ninezthetimecame.MisterBrodasdied.HisslavesprobablywouldbesoldtocottonfarmersfurtherSouth.Thesituationtherewouldbeevenworse.JohnTubmantriedtomakeHarrietforgetaboutrunningaway.Hewasfree.Whyshouldhemakeadangeroustripwithawomanbreakingthelaw?HarrietdecidedthathermarriagetoJohnmustend.Harrietheardthatshewastobesoldimmediately.Sheknewsheneededtotellherfamilythatshewasleaving.Shebegantosingzsoftlyatfirst,thenlouder.Shesangthewords,"msorrytoleaveyou.mgoingtothepromisedland."Herfamilyunderstood.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICETWO:Harrietrantothehomeofawhitewomanwhohadpromisedtohelp.ThiswomanbelongedtotheQuakers,areligiousgroupwhichhatedslavery.TheQuakerwomantoldherhowtoreachanotherhomewhereshecouldhide.HarrietwentfromhousetohousethatwayontheUndergroundRailroad.EachplacewasalittledosertotheeasternstateofPennsylvania.Slaverywasbannedthere.Onceshewashiddenunderhaythathadbeencutfromthefields.Anothertime,sheworemen'sclothing.Finally,shecrossedtheborderintoPennsylvania.Later,shetoldafriend,"IfeltlikeIwasinheaven."VOICEONE:NowthatHarrietwasfree,shedidnotforgetthehundredsofotherslavesbackinMaryland.Duringthenexttenyears,sheledamuchexpandedUndergroundRailroad.Shefreedherparents,hersister,brothersandotherfamilymembers.ShefoundahomeforherparentsinAuburn,NewYork.Harriettraveledbackandfortheighteentimeszhelpingaboutthree-hundredslavesescapeintofreeterritory.Shebecameanexpertathidingfromslavehunters.AtonetimezanyonefindingHarrietwaspromisedforty-thousanddollarsforcatchingher-deadoralive.ThepeopleshehelpedcalledherMoses.ShehadrescuedthemfromslaveryjustasthebiblicalMosesrescuedtheJews.HarrietfoundanotherwaytofightslaveryaftertheCivilWarbeganinEighteen-Sixty-One.SevensouthernstatesdecidedtoseparatefromtheUnitedStates,mainlyovertheissueofslavery.ThenorthernstatesrefusedtolettheUnitedStatesofAmericabreakapart.Afterfightingbegan,HarrietTubmanwentintoenemyterritorytospyfortheNorth.Shealsoservedasanurse.Afterfouryearsofbloodyfighting,theNorthwonthewar.PresidentAbrahamLincolnfreedtheslavesinEighteen-Sixty-Three.TherewasnolongeranyneedforHarriettobeMoses.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICETWO:Afterthefightingended,HarrietTubmanreturnedtoAuburn,NewYork.ShemarriedamannamedNelsonDavis.Thiscouldhavebeenthebeginningofafewquietyearsoffamilylifeforher.Butshekeptworking.Shetraveledandgavespeechestoraisemoneyforbettereducationforblackchildren.Shealsoworkedforwomen'srightsandhousing.Andshesoughthelpforoldmenandwomenwhohadbeenslaves.HarrietTubmandiedinNineteen-Thirteen.Shewasaboutninety-threeyearsold.Bythattime,shewasrecognizedasanAmericanhero.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentgaveafuneralwithmilitaryhonorsforthewomanknownasMoses.(THEME)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyJeriWatson.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:mRayFreeman.ListenagainnextweekatthistimeforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.