美国名人 作曲家、指挥家 艾伦·科普兰.docx

美国名人作曲家、指挥家艾伦科普兰AaronCopland:HisMusicTaughtAmericansAboutThemselvesplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:34repeatByShelleyGollust2005-4-30(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutAaronCopland,oneofAmerica'sbestmodernmusiccomposers.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AaronCoplandwrotemanykindsofmusic.Hewrotemusicfortheorchestra,piano,andvoice.Hewrotemusicforplays,moviesanddance.Coplandalsowasaconductor;pianist,speaker;teacherandauthor.MusiccriticssayCoplandtaughtAmericansaboutthemselvesthroughhismusic.HeusedpartsofmanyoldtraditionalAmericanfolksongsinhiswork.HewasinfluencedtodothisafterstudyingmusicinFrance.HesaidthatcomposerstherehadaveryFrenchwayofwritingmusic.HesaidAmericanshadnothinglikethatinthiscountry.SohedecidedtocomposemusicthatwastrulyAmerican.VOICETWO:AaronCoplandwasborninnineteenhundredinBrooklyn,NewYork.Hewastheyoungestoffivechildren.HisparentshadcometotheUnitedStatesfromeasternEurope.TheyownedastoreinBrooklyn.Aaronbeganplayingthepianowhenhewasayoungchild.Hewrotehisfirstsongforhismotherwhenhewaseightyearsold.Hisdreamsofbecomingacomposerbeganwhenhewasyoung.Whenhewassixteen,heurgedhisparentstolethimstudycomposingwithRubinGoldmark.GoldmarkhadtaughtthecomposerGeorgeGershwin.VOICEONE:Whenhewasinhisearlytwenties,CoplandwenttoPariswherehestudiedmusicwithNadiaBoulanger.Shewasoneofthemostimportantmusicteachersofthetime.HereturnedtoNewYorkinnineteentwenty-four.ThefamousconductoroftheBostonSymphonyOrchestra,SergeKoussevitzkyzlearnedaboutCopland'smusic.KoussevitzkyledtheorchestraforthefirstperformanceofCopland'searlywork,"MusicfortheTheater,"innineteentwenty-five.KoussevitzkyalsoconductedCopland's"ConcertoforPianoandOrchestra"innineteentwenty-seven.ThisworkwasunusualbecauseCoplandusedideasfromjazzmusicinhisconcerto.VOICETWO:CoplandlaterwrotethemusicfortwoballetsabouttheAmericanWest.OnewasaboutthelifeofafamousgunfightercalledBillytheKid.CoplandusedmusicfromAmericancowboysongsinthiswork.Thispiecefrom"BillytheKid:BalletSuite"iscalled"StreetinaFrontierTown."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenforty-two,theconductorAndreKostelanetzaskedCoplandtowritemusicaboutagreatAmerican,AbrahamLincoln.Coplandwrote"LincolnPortrait"tohonorAmerica'ssixteenthpresident.Copland'smusicincludedpartsofAmericanfolksongsandsongspopularduringtheAmericanCivilWar.HeaddedwordsfromPresidentLincoln'sspeechesandletters."LincolnPortrait"hasbeenperformedmanytimesinAmerica.Manyfamouspeoplehavedonethespeakingpart.EleanorRoosevelt,thewifeofPresidentFranklinRoosevelt,wasoneofthem.Here,actorJamesEarlJonesperformsinCopland's"LincolnPortrait."(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Alsoinnineteenforty-two,themusicdirectoroftheCincinnatiSymphonyOrchestraaskedeighteencomposerstowritemusicexpressingloveforAmerica.Forthecompetition,Coplandcomposed"FanfarefortheCommonMan."ThismusicisplayedinAmericaduringmanynationalevents,includingsomepresidentialinaugurations.VOICEONE:Expertssay"FanfarefortheCommonMan"wasanexampleofCopland'schangeindirectionduringthenineteen-forties.Hebeganwritingmusicthatwasmoreeasilyunderstoodandmorepopular.Coplandwroteaboutthisinnineteenforty-oneinhisbook,"OurNewMusic."Hewrotethatawholenewpublicformusichaddevelopedasaresultofthepopularityoftheradioandrecordplayer.Hesaidthattherewasnoreasontocontinuewritingmusicasifthesedevicesdidnotexist.Sohedecidedtowritemusicinasimplerway.VOICETWO:Coplandspreadhisideasaboutmusicinotherways.HetaughtattheNewSchoolforSocialResearchinNewYorkCityandatHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts.OneofthemanyawardshereceivedwasthePulitzerPrize.Hewonitinnineteenforty-fiveforhisfamousmusicforaballetcalled"AppalachianSpring."Itisoneofhismostpopularworks.Thelastpartoftheballetisbasedonatraditionalsong,"AGifttobeSimple."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Coplandalsowrotemusicforseveralmajormotionpictures.HewonanAcademyAwardinnineteen-fiftyforcomposingthemusicforthefilm,"TheHeiress."Then,hebeganexperimentingwithwhatiscalledatwelve-tonesystemofcomposing.Hismusicnolongerwasaseasytounderstand,oraspopular.Coplandstoppedcomposingattheendofthenineteen-sixties.Yethecontinuedtobeactiveasaconductorandspeaker.Innineteeneighty-two,QueensCollegeoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkestablishedtheAaronCoplandSchoolofMusic.VOICETWO:Coplandwasastrongsupporterofliberalideas.Intheearlynineteen-fifties,heandotherfamouswriters,actorsandintellectualswereaccusedofsupportingcommunism.Publicopinionchanged,though.Innineteensixty-four,PresidentLyndonJohnsonpresentedhimwiththePresidentialMedalofFreedom.ItisAmerica'shighestawardtocivilians.AaronCoplanddiedinnineteenninetyattheageofninety.Buthismusicliveson.VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKlein.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprograminVOASpecialEnglish.(MUSIC)