美国名人 动物学家 戴安·弗西.docx

美国名人动物学家戴安弗西DianFosseyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByGeorgeGrow2004-11-6November7,2004(THEME)VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmFaithLapiduswithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutDianFossey.ShestudiedthewildmountaingorillasofcentralAfrica.Herworkresultedineffortstosavetheserareandendangeredanimals.(THEME)VOICEONE:DianFosseywasborninnineteenthirty-twoinSanFranciscozCalifornia.Herparentsendedtheirmarriagewhenshewasyoung.Shestayedwithhermother,whomarriedanothermanashorttimelater.Diansaidshehadadifficultrelationshipwithbothhermotherandstepfather.Dianwasinterestedinanimalsallherlife.Shestartedmakingplanstobeaveterinarian,adoctorwhotreatsanimals.Afterhighschool,sheattendedSanJoseStateCollegeinCalifornia.There,shewassuccessfulinsomesubjects,butnotothers.Shechangedherprogramofstudytooccupationaltherapy.Occupationaltherapistshelpinjuredandsickpeoplelearntodotheirday-to-dayactivitiesindependently.ShecompletedherstudiesatSanJoseStateinnineteenfifty-four.VOICETWO:DianFosseyleftCaliforniaandmovedtothestateofKentucky.SheacceptedapositionattheKosairCrippledChildren'sHospitalinthecityofLouisville.Peopletheresaidshehadaspecialgiftofcommunicatingwithchildrenwithspecialneeds.Yetshealsohadadesiretoseemoreoftheworld.Throughfriends,shebecameinterestedinAfrica.ShereadabookaboutthewildmountaingorillasofcentralAfricawrittenbyAmericanzoologistGeorgeSchaller.Themountaingorillaisthelargestoftheworld'sapes.VOICEONE:Fosseyborrowedmoneyandmadeasix-weektriptoAfricainnineteensixty-three.ShevisitedacampoperatedbythefamousresearchscientistsLouisandMaryLeakey.TheLeakeyswerebestknownfortheirstudiesofthedevelopmentofhumanancestors.FosseymetwithLouisLeakeyanddiscussedtheimportanceofscientificresearchonthegreatapes.Shedecidedtostudymountaingorillas,whichwereindangerofdisappearing.Lateronhertrip,shetraveledtothemountainsofRwanda.Thisiswhereshefirstsawmountaingorillas.VOICETWO:FosseyreturnedtotheUnitedStateswithadesiretoworkinAfrica.ShemetwithProfessorLeakeyasecondtimewhenhevisitedtheUnitedStatestogiveaseriesoftalks.Thistime,heaskedhertobeginalong-termstudyofthegorillas.Hesaidinformationshecollectedmighthelptoshowhowhumanancestorsdeveloped.AgroupcalledtheWilkieFoundationagreedtosupportherresearch.TheWilkieFoundationalreadysupportedanotherresearcher,JaneGoodall,inherstudyofwildchimpanzees.Fosseyalsoreceivedhelpfromamajorscientificandeducationalorganization-theNationalGeographicSociety.VOICEONE:FosseyreturnedtocentralAfricainnineteensixty-six.ShespentashorttimeobservingJaneGoodall.ThenshebegansettingupherownresearchcampinwhatwasthenthecountryofZaire.Fosseysoughthelpfromthelocalnativepeoplewhoknewhowtofollowmountaingorillasinthewild.Ashorttimelater,politicalunrestforcedhertomovetonearbyRwanda.Shesettledinaprotectedareabetweentwomountains,KarisimbiandVisoke.There,sheestablishedtheKarisokeResearchCenter.Thiswouldbeherhomeformostofthenexteighteenyears.Muchofthattime,sheworkedalone.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DianFosseyspentthousandsofhoursobservingmountaingorillas.Sheworkedhardtogainacceptanceamongtheanimals.Todothis,shecopiedtheiractionsandsounds.Shestudiedthegorillasdailyanddevelopedanunderstandingofeachindividual.Manypeoplehadbelievedthatmountaingorillasarefierce.Fosseyfoundjusttheopposite.Shelearnedthatgorillasarebothgentleandintelligent.Theyusetheirstrengthmainlywhendefendingothermembersoftheirfamilyorgroup.VOICEONE:Innineteenseventy,theNationalGeographicSocietywantedtopublishastoryaboutFosseyandherresearch.ItsentaphotographernamedBobCampbelltoKarisoketotakepictures.HetookapictureofanadultmalegorillanamedPeanutstouchingFossey'shand.Thisbecamethefirstfriendlygorilla-to-humanactioneverrecorded.ThepictureappearedonthefrontcoverofNationalGeographicmagazine.IthelpedtomakeFosseyandherworkfamous.TheAmericanresearcherwasabletositamongthegorillasandplaywiththemandtheiryoung.Shemadenotesofeverythingshesaw.Shetookacount,orcensus,ofthegorillapopulation.Shenotedwhattheanimalsateandtheirenvironment.Fosseylearnedalotaboutthegorillas.Butitbecamedifficultforhertoremainanindependentobserver.Shebelievedthattheanimalswoulddisappearforeverunlesssomethingwasdonetoprotectthemandtheirenvironment.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DianFosseyneededmoneytocontinueherresearchproject.Shebelievedthatshecouldgetmorefinancialassistanceforherworkbygettinganadvanceddegree.SheleftAfricainnineteenseventyandattendedtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland.Shereceivedadoctorateinzoologyafewyearslater.FosseyreturnedtoRwandatofindthathunterswerekillingsomeofwhatshecalled"hergorillas."Thehuntersearnedmoneybysellingtheheads,handsandfeetoftheanimals.AmongthegorillaskilledwasonecalledDigit.FosseyhadobservedDigitformanyyearsandtreatedhimalmostlikeafriend.Hisremainswereplacedwiththoseofotherdeadgorillasinaspecialburialareanearhercamp.VOICEONE:AfterDigitwaskilled,Fosseyestablishedaprogramtoincreaseinternationalsupportforeffortstoprotectmountaingorillas.ItwascalledtheDigitFund.Fosseyalsobegananactivecampaigntostopthekillingofthegorillas.SheopposedeffortsbyRwandanofficialstoincreasethenumberofvisitorstotheanimals*nativeenvironment.Sheformedasmallforcetohelpguardmountaingorillasagainsthumans.Shedestroyedtrapsusedtocatchtheanimals.Shethreatenedthehuntersandthepeoplewhohelpedthem.NationalGeographicmagazinepublishedareportaboutherefforts.Manypeoplewhoreadthestorysentmoneytosupportthecampaign.However,noteveryonesupportedwhatFosseywasdoing.Somepeoplecondemnedhertreatmentofthehunters.Rwandanofficialsopposedhereffortstocontrolanareathatshedidnotown.And,someanimalexpertscriticizedherstrongemotionallinkswiththegorillas.Theyalsoquestionedherworkasascientist.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DianFosseysufferedfromanumberofhealthproblems.Asshegrewolder,shespentlesstimeinthefieldandmoretimeathercampdoingpaperwork.Thiswaspartlybecauseshehadcollegestudentsassistinginherresearchefforts.Innineteeneighty,FosseyleftKarisokeandacceptedapositionatCornellUniversityinIthacazNewYork.There,shebegantowriteabookaboutheryearswiththemountaingorillas.Herbookwaspublishedinnineteeneighty-three.Itiscalled"GorillasintheMist."Bythen,therewereonlyabouttwohundredmountaingorillasintheworld.DianFosseymadealargenumberofpublicappearancestopublicizeherbookandtheeffortstosavethemountaingorillas.ThenshereturnedtoRwanda.OnDecembertwenty-sixth,nineteeneighty-fivezshewasfoundmurderedathercamp.AfewdaysIaterzherbodywasburiedneartheremainsofsomeofhergorillas.VOICEONE:Evennowzherdeathremainsunsolved.Somepeoplebelievethatshewaskilledbysomeonewhoopposedherstrongattemptstoprotectthegorillas.Threeyearsafterherdeath,amajorAmericanmotionpicturebasedonherbookwasreleased.Itisalsocalled"GorillasintheMist."Ithelpedtellherstorytomillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.DianFosseykeptawrittenrecordofherdailyactivities.Shewrote:Whenyouunderstandthevalueofalllife,youthinklessaboutwhatispastandthinkinsteadabouttheprotectionofthefuture.DianFosseylovedherworkandusedherresearchtohelpsavethegorillasandtheirenvironment.Today,themountaingorillapopulationisincreasing.Somepeoplehavesaidthatwithouthereffortstheanimalswouldnolongerexist.TheDianFosseyGorillaFundInternationalcontinuesherwork.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyGeorgeGrow.LawanDaviswasourproducer.mFaithLapidus.VOICEONE:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.