美国名人 摄影家 黛安·阿巴斯.docx

美国名人摄影家黛安阿巴斯DianeArbus:RevolutionaryPhotographerofUnusualPeopleplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-19:21repeatByDanaDemange2006-2-4(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutDianeArbUs,arevolutionarymodernphotographer.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:DianeArbusisknownforcreatingintenseblackandwhitephotographsofveryunusualpeople.Sheusedaspecialcamerathatproducedsquareshapedimages.Oftenhersubjectslooksad,conflictedorphysicallyabnormal.Buttheydonottrytohidetheirinsecurities.Theyopenlystareatthecamera.OneartexpertsaidDianeArbusturnedphotographyinsideout.Insteadoflookingathersubjects,shemadethemlookather.Arbuslearnedtomixtherealisticnatureofphotographywithitsexpressivepossibilities.Sheexploredhowpeoplelivewithsamenessanddifferenceaswellasacceptanceandrejection.Thesecombinationscreatedveryinterestingartthatwasoftendisputed.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DianeArbuswasborninnineteentwenty-threetoawealthyfamilyinNewYorkCity.HerfatherDavidNemero½ownedalargeclothingstoreinacostlyareanearFifthAvenue.Herparentscollectedartandwerepartofthe"highsociety"ofNewYork.ThefamilytraveledoftentoEurope.Theyhelpedtheirchildrenexpresstheirartisticgoals.Diane'sbrotherwasthefamouspoet,HowardNemerov.Hersisterbecameasculptor.Afterfinishinghighschoolattheageofeighteen,DianemarriedAllanArbus.MisterArbusworkedintheadvertisingdepartmentofherfather'sstore.VOICEONE:ItwasMisterArbuswhogaveDianeherfirstcamera.DianesoondecidedtotakeaclasswiththefamousphotographerBereniceAbbott.TheArbuseseventuallystartedtakingphotographsofclothing.TheseimageswereusedasadvertisementsforDiane'sfather'sstore.Afterthebirthoftheirdaughter,DoonztheArbusesstartedabusinesstogether.Theirpurposewastophotographclothingfashions.DianeArbuswasthestylist.Shewouldpreparethehairandfacesofthefashionmodelswhoworetheclothingbeingphotographed.AllanArbustookthepictures.VOICETWO:Thecouplesoonhadjobsfromimportantfashionmagazinessuchas"Vogue"and"Harper'sBazaar".Theirworkwasverysuccessfulduringthenineteenfifties.Theybecamepartofagroupofartiststhatwerehelpingtoredefinevisualculture.Theywerebreakingwithpasttraditionstocreateanewlookforanewdecade,thesixties.VOICEONE:ButDianewasnotsatisfiedwithhersecondaryrole.Shewantedamoreactivepartinmakingphotographs.Shewantedtoexploreherownartisticexpressionandfreedom.Todothis,shestoppedworkingwithherhusband.ThenshestartedtakingphotographyclassesattheNewSchoolinNewYorkCity.Arbus'teacher,LisetteModel,influencedherinmanyways.SheshowedDianehowtouseacameralikeanexpert.ShealsotaughtDianetouseherarttofaceherdoubtsandfears.MizModeloncesaidthatDianesoonstarted"notlisteningtomebutsuddenlylisteningtoherself."(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DianeArbuschosehersubjectsverycarefully.ShephotographedmanyofthesepeopleinornearNewYorkCity.Sheoftenchosetophotographunusualpeoplelivingontheedgeofacceptablesociety.Butsheshowedthecommonandrecognizablesideofsuchunusualpeople.Forexample,shetookpicturesofextremelyshortandextremelytallpeople.Shephotographedmendressedaswomen,circusperformers,andevenpatientswithseverementallimitations.Sheoncesaid:"MyfavoritethingistogowhereI'veneverbeen."VOICEONE:Oneofherfamousphotographswastakeninnineteensixty-six.Itisofayoungtransvestite.Atransvestiteisamanwhodressesandactslikeawoman.Thismaniswearingplasticobjectsinhishairtocurlandshapeit.Heisalsowearingmakeuponhisfacetomakeitlookmorelikeawoman.Thepictureistakenfromcloseupwithseverelightingeffects.InthedarkcentersofhiseyesyoucanseethelightfromArbus'camera.Youcanseeeverydetailandimperfectionofhispaleskin.Helooksdirectlyatyouasthoughhehasnothingtohide.Hislookisoneofinterestandacceptance.VOICETWO:Anotherphotographlikethisiscalled"MexicanDwarfinHisHotelRoominN.Y.C."Itwastakeninnineteenseventy.Here,Arbususessimilardramaticlighting.Sheshowsaclose-upviewoftheupperbodyandfaceofthisextremelysmallman.Helooksdirectlyatthecamerawiththesuggestionofasmile.Youcanseeallthelinesonhissmallshortfingers.Thehaironhischestandfaceseemsveryclose.Youcanalmostsmellthealcoholonthetablebesidehim.Youcanalmostfeelthesmoothclothsheetsonhisbed.Itisasthoughyouhaveenteredthepersonalworldofthissmallstranger.Theexpressionsofthesemenaresohonestthatitisalmostunpleasanttoobserve.DianeArbusexploredthistensioninherwork.Shecaughthersubjectsinpositionswheretheyshowthemselvescompletely.Theydonotseemafraidtoshowtheirimperfectionsandstrangeness.Theydonothidethepartsofthemselvesthatarenotbeautiful.Theyopenlyshowtheirbodiesandsouls.Seeingthepictures,yousometimesfeelyouareinterferingintheprivatelivesofthesestrangepeople.Youfeellikemaybeyouarenotsupposedtobelooking.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:SomeartcriticsbelieveDianeArbusphotographedsuchunusualpeopleasaresultofherbackground.Shegrewupinasafeandwealthyenvironment.Inphotographingthestrangeandimperfectpeopleinsociety,sherejectedherownsocialgroup.Sherevoltedagainstherupbringingtoprovethatshewasartisticallyindependent.Shechosetoexploretheunusualsidesofsocietyinsteadofacceptingcommonsubjectstophotograph.Arbusalsophotographedeverydaypeopleinawaythatmadethemlookveryunusual.Shewasabletotakethemostrecognizablepeopleandenvironmentsandmakethemseemstrange.Forexample,shetookpicturesofcouplesandfamiliesandevenoffemaletwins,sistersbornatthesametime.VOICETWO:Oneofhermostfamousphotographsiscalled"IdenticalTwins."Itwastakeninnineteensixty-seveninRoselle,NewJersey.Twolittlegirlstakeuptheentirecenterofthephotograph.Theirfacesandbodiesareexactlyalike.Theyarewearingthesamedarkdressesandwhitebandsintheirhair.Thegirlslookcalmlyatthecamerawithlarge,paleeyes.Althoughtheyareyoung,theylookverywise,liketheyareintenselittleadults.VOICEONE:Thisimageofthetwinsbecamethecoverofanimportantbookofphotographytitled"DianeArbus."Thebookwaspublishedinnineteenseventy-two.Itbecameoneofthebest-sellingphotographybooksinhistory.ThephotographofthetwinswasalsopartofamajorexhibitionofArbus'workattheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitythatsameyear.Thisshowsetnewrecordsinattendancenumbers.Sadly,DianeArbusdidnotlivetoseethisshow.Shehadkilledherselftheyearbefore.Shewasforty-eightyearsold.VOICETWO:ThephotographsofDianeArbusremainverypopularinAmerica.InMarchoftwothousandfive,theMetropolitanMuseuminNewYorkhadamajorexhibitofherwork.Themuseumcuratorsgatheredmanyofherimportantphotographsfortheshow.Theyalsoexhibitedmanylesswell-knownworks.Buttheyalsotriedtoshowthepersonalsideofthisfamouswoman.Theyshowedherletters,camerasandbooks.Thebook"DianeArbusRevelations"documentsthisspecialexhibition.VOICEONE:DianeArbusoncesaid:"Aphotographisasecretaboutasecret.Themoreittellsyouthelessyouknow."ThiscommenthelpsexplainwhatissopowerfulaboutDianeArbus'swork.Thepeopleinherphotosshowthemselves,butagreatdealaboutthemremainshiddenaswell.Herimagesmakeyouaskwhatyoumightshowaboutyourself-andwhatyoumighttrytohide.VOICETWO:Today,DianeArbus'imagesremainasfreshandintenseastheywerefortyyearsago.Expertssayherrevolutionarywayofcapturingpeopleonfilmhasproducedsomeofthemostimportantimagesintwentiethcenturyphotography.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.